Документ взят из кэша поисковой машины. Адрес оригинального документа : http://vertebrata.bio.msu.ru/Pushino_Ogurtsov_2008.pdf Дата изменения: Mon Feb 8 19:41:56 2010 Дата индексирования: Mon Oct 1 19:31:26 2012 Кодировка:

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, Bufo bufo, . .
. . . , SPACE UTILIZATION DURING SUMMER PERIOD IN ADULT COMMON TOADS, Bufo bufo

S. V. Ogur tsov
M. V. Lomonosov Moscow St ate Universit y, Facult y of Biolog y

Using a mechanical t racking device («r ucksack » with a bobbin of th read, weighing 4 g) we descr ibed the movements of 22 adult com mon toads Bufo bufo at their ter rest r ial home ranges du r ing 3 --23 days in Ju ne -- July, 2001--2005 in the vicinit y of Zvenigorod biological station of Moscow State Universit y. We showed that toad's home range included 2--3 activit y centers (up to 100 m 2 each) and con necting routes bet ween them. Recapt u res of toads individually recog nized by photog raphic database and movements of 1 toad t racked at her sum mer home range du r ing 2 consequetive years make us thin k that location and st r uct u re of the home range is retained f rom year to year. Cont rol exper iments with 8 toads showed no in fluence of t racking device on feeding behaviou r and locomotor activit y of amphibians. We did not obser ve any decrease in the body weight of individuals wear ing a t racking device. Tracking 12 toads displaced 40 --3000 m f rom their home ranges du r ing 1--3 days we discovered that amphibians t r ied to leave an u n k now n area actively moving in nor theaster n direction that in that habitat coincided with the direction to the r iver. Within their home ranges toads' movements were slow and nondirectional.

. , . , Bufo bufo, , , . , 3 (Sinsch, 1987 a, 1992). , . . , , . , , ( ., 1998). , ( ), 8% 100


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, 42% (, 2001). , , (Sinsch, 1987 b). ( ) 1.5 , , ? « » , Bufo bufo, . : 1. ? 2. ? 3. ? 4. ? . , 0.1 . , . , 1--3 . «» -- 12 (Pilliod et al., 2002; Pellet et al., 2006). , , , - «» , 1965 . . (Dole, 1965, Forester et al., 2006). «» 1/3 , , 12 ( ., 2003). ( ) , , . , «» 50% (Pilliod et al., 2002; Forester et al., 2006; Pellet et al., 2006). , «» . : . 3--23 3.5 (p <


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0.05), 2--3 , . . -- 2001--2005 . , ( ) , . «», « », 50 -- 60 . «» ( -- ) « » , , . 2 , 8.00 20.00, . , . . , : -- , -- , . . , MapInfo 6.5 A rcView 3.2 ( A nimal Movement 2.0), « » «» (Wor ton, 1989). « » . «» , 5 , . . 10 . (Dole, 1965), . , «» 8 4 . , , , 31-- 48 50 --118 . 22 (18 4 ) . «», 3 23 . - ( , ) 12 . .


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, «» , 8 (3 5 ). 18--30°. «». 10 6 . , , . , 5 . 2 3 , , ; . «» 2 , , . , «» , , . «» «», . , , 2003 . 40 --3000 . 12 (10 2 ). , , ; 10 --15 . 7 20.00, 1 3 . 12 1--3 . (Rayleigh). , , , , -. Oriana 1.0, , - -- Statistica 6.0. . 40 --3000 . 12 -


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, , ( . 1 ). 1--3 - ( . 1 ), . , . - , . . ( . 1 ). , , , 40 , . , , - .

. 1. , ( N = 12): ­ , ). 0

40 ­ 3000 ­ 12 ., ­ 1 ­ 3 ( .


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, , , . 12 5 , 40 --3000 -- 15 ( p < 0.001). , -- . , , (p < 0.01), ( 4 12 .). 2 491 2. (R = 0.54, p < 0.05). , 2--100 2 250 --350 2 450 --500 2. , , . 22 11, 5 23 . «». 3 11 100 2, 2--3 . , , , , . . , 12 . , , , (, 2001). . , , (, ). , . , . 13 , , 9 , .


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-, ( 53 2 61 2 ), . 2005 --2006 . . 3 27 . 1 1 . 1 25 , , . , . , 2004 2005 . ( . 2). , 7 23 , 35 2 271 2, . 2004 ., 2005 . , ( 10 ), . . , 2005 . , , . , . , ( 600 ), 2 . . . 1. , Bufo bufo, 250 2. 2--3 ( 100 2 ) . , . 2. , , , . , , . . 1 2001--2005 . , .


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. 2. : ­ 2004 . (7 ), ­ 2005 . (23 ).


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. ., . ., . ., . ., . ., . ., 2003. // . . 2. . C. 154 --163. . ., . ., . ., 1998. (Rana temporaria L.) (Rana ar valis Nilss.) (A nu ra, A mphibia) // . . 59. 3. . 279 --301. . ., 2001. // . .: . . 170 --172. Dole J. W., 1965. Sum mer movements of adult Leopard f rogs, Rana pipiens Sch reber, in Nother n Michigan // Ecolog y. V. 46. 3. P. 236 --255. Forester D. C., Snodgrass J. W., Marsalek K., Lanham Z ., 2006. Post-breeding dispersal and sum mer home range of female amer ican toads (Bufo americanus) // Nor theaster n Nat u ralist. V. 13. 1. P. 59 --72. Pellet J., Rechsteiner L ., Sk river vik A. K., ZЭrcher J.-F., Perrin N., 2006. Use of the harmonic direction finder to st udy the ter rest r ial habitats of the eu ropean t ree f rog (Hyla arborea) // A mphibia -- Reptilia. V. 27. P. 138 --142. Pilliod D. S., Peterson Ch. R., Ritson P. I., 2002. Seasonal mig ration of Columbia spotted f rogs (Rana luteiventris) among complementar y resou rces in a high mou ntain basin // Canadian Jou r nal of Zoolog y. V. 80. P. 1849 --1862. Sinsch U., 1987 a. Or ientation behaviou r of toads (Bufo bufo) displaced f rom the breeding site // Jou r nal of Comparative Physiolog y A. V. 161. 5. P. 715 --727. Sinsch U., 1987 b. Mig rator y behaviou r of the toad Bufo bufo within its home range and af ter displacement // Proceedings of the 4th O.G.M. Societas Eu ropea Her petologica. Nijmegen. P. 361--364. Sinsch U., 1992. A mphibians // A nimal Homing. Eds. Papi F.. Chapman & Hall. P. 213 --233. Worton B. J., 1989. Ker nel methods for estimating the utilization dist r ibution in homerange st udies // Ecolog y. V. 70. 1. P. 164 --168.