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Дата индексирования: Sun Apr 10 00:12:57 2016
Кодировка:

tsir@elch.chem.msu.ru

. .
- - - -

-: - (, , «» ) - - - - (foreign metals) - - -

*********** - ........

:

(PEMFC) (AFC) H2 2H+ + 2e
-

O2 + 4H+ + 4e
-

2H2O

H2 + 2OH+ 2e H2

-

2H2O

O2 +2H2O + 4e

-

4OH-

(PAFC) (MCFC) (SOFC)

2H+ + 2e

-

O2 + 4H+ + 4e

-

2H2O

H2 + CO32H2O + CO2 + 2e H2 + O-

O2 + 2CO2 + 4e

-

2CO32-

H2O + 2e

-

O2 + 4e

-

2O-

-

:

Maximum Theoretical Voltage

1.2
Theoretical Voltage Characteristic -- Ohmic Losses Only

Voltage Per Cell (V)

1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 Current Density (A/cm ^2)
AIR: Oxygen Reduction and Ohmic L os s es Limited by Gaseous Dif f usion Oxygen: Oxygen Reduction and Ohmic Losses

Hydrogen Oxidation

-

-

0.15

!!!

: - -

:
O M O
M O O M + 2H
+

+2H

+

M

O H + 4H+ +4e OH

-

M + 2H2 O

M OH M OH

+4H++4e-

M + 2H 2 O

M O O. +e-

M O O+e
-

M O O2-

2H++2e-

M + H2O
-

2

4H++4e

M + 2H2O

«» -

«»

,

:

- (DEMS) EQCM

Log I

«»

, -

: + Ru, Mo, W, Sn...

: Pt + o, Ni, Fe

: E-TEK HiSpec JM

-:

Potential,V(RHE) 22oC

Pt

wt% Ru 10 25 40

75oC

2 M CH3OH Log(current density, mkA/cm2)

Ru Ru Rh Pd Os Ir Pt Au
350 >900

Rh

H.Binder, A.Kohling, G.Sandstede, In "Hydrocarbon Fuel Cell Technol." Ed. S.Baker, Acad. Press, 1965, p.91

300 420 500 540

Pd Os

290 520 570 490 580 800

E(RHE), V 4.5 M H2SO4 + 2 M CH3OH 0.05 A/cm2 80 / 25 oC

290 320 340 320 >900 540 7 2 0 8 8 0 Ir 300 380 400 350 350 400 520 580 500 560

Pt Au
>900 >900

230 330 480 250 290 370 400 510 610 440 490 540 310 >900 460 580 650 780 400 >900 300 540 380 580

: Pt-Ru
1 2

0.10

0.08
2

() + ()

2

I, A/c

0.06

Pt

Ru

0.04

0.02

0.00 0.0

0.2

0.4

Er, B

0.6

0.8

: third body effect

-

DFT

DMFC ( ); PAFC ()
:

-

(ageing)

- : (specific surface area); (loading)

AFC

: 6 9 , 80
2

-

· MnO2; UO2; NiO; RuO · Na0.10MnO1.96 ; MnOx-Ca(Mg, Ni, Bi, Cr) · REMn2O5 (RE=Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu); Er0.76Zr0.11Ca0.13Mn2O5 : 3-4 (0x1) (o, Mn, Cr, Cu) 3 (A La, Ca, Sr; B Co, Mn, Fe, Ni) , !

· :
KMnO4 (-) + 12 ( (III)) Cu5FeS4 ( ) Co94.6-P5.4 ( ) Fe , [(V=O)10(µ2-O)9(µ3-O)3(C5H7O6)6] MPP, CoCO3+TMPP, FeTPP, CoT, FePc, CoPc, FePcTc, CoPcTc, FeTAA, CoTAA, Co+ ,

AFC

- 2
· 2 (Ti0.8Zr0.2)(V0.53Mn0.107Cr0.16Ni0.2)2 ZrNi1.2Mn0.48Cr0.28V0.13 · 5 MmNi3.88Co0.85Mn0.39Al0.4 · Ni (+ Cr Fe) (Co-Mo, Ni-Co) Au, Ag

SOFC - ...