Äîêóìåíò âçÿò èç êýøà ïîèñêîâîé ìàøèíû. Àäðåñ îðèãèíàëüíîãî äîêóìåíòà : http://nuclphys.sinp.msu.ru/mirrors/1996_02.pdf Äàòà èçìåíåíèÿ: Fri Jan 30 12:55:05 2009 Äàòà èíäåêñèðîâàíèÿ: Tue Oct 2 00:07:05 2012 Êîäèðîâêà: Windows-1251 Ïîèñêîâûå ñëîâà: universe

THE EVOLUTION OF THE UNIVERSE
A. N. VASIL'EV A modern theory of the Big Bang explaining the evolution of the Universe observed is briefly discussed. Ç ÒÚÚåÂ Í ÚÍÓ ËÁÎ,,ÂÚÒfl ÒÓ, ÂÏÂÌÌfl ÚÂÓËfl ÅÓÎå?Ó,,Ó ÇÁ œ,, ÓžflÒÌflfl ,ÓÎ^Ë ÌžÎÂÏÓÈ ÇÒÂÎÂÌÌÓÈ.


Ä. ç. ÇÄëàãúÖÇ
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: , , , . : , , , , . , 15 "" . , - . ( ) c , ; > c , - , . , . , , , , - " ". , , . , .

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: 1) "" , = RH. 2) 1964 . . " ", 3 K ( ). 3) , 3/4 ( ) 1/4 ( ) . : 1) , ; 2) , ; 3) : , , , . , . " ", .. . , , . - " ", . . " " , , . .
1. êÄëòàêÖçàÖ ÇëÖãÖççéâ

, , , . : 1011 80 30 . M31 2 . , 60 . 10 . , . , , ( 300 ) . . ( ) . , ( > 0) ( < 0) . ' : 1+/c ' --- = ----------------------------- , 2 1 - ( / c) (1)

- , c - ( (1) - , , c). (1) , (' > ), - (' < ). , . : , . 1929 " ", ( ) R : 6 = HR , H 15 ------ / 10 . (2)

-

H . (2)

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: 15 / . , H : , R - , . , , (2), H (170 15). , H (2), 15. (2), , , , . , . , " ". - "": (2). " ". " " , . H (2) " ": - , , , " " . - " " . , , , . " " t0 , , H : t0 = 1/ H 20 (2). H t0 (. ). , t0 t0 = 2H / 3 14 .
2. êÖãàäíéÇéÖ àáãìóÖçàÖ

. -, , . , , , . "" 7,35 ( ), . , " ". , , , . , , . , , ( ) , . 7,35 . , ( 1978 ). -, , . ( ) 1 8 hc - hc / kT d = d ------------ ----------------------- , 5 -1 e (3)

, . 1964 . .

d - , + d, T - K, h = 6,625 10- 27 - , k = 1,38 10- 16 /K - , c = 3 1010 /c - .

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, . , , . " ", , . , , ( ) . . . : (3) d / d T. , ( (3) T = 3 K = 0,1 , ). , , 2,74 K. , , . , - . ( 10- 3 ) , ( cos ) . " ", . 600 /. "" , ( ) . ( 10- 5 ), . , .

3. ëéëíÄÇ ÇëÖãÖççéâ

, (3/4 ) (1/4), . , . 3/4 1/4 , , , . , - " " ( ), 3 : 1 , Li, - D T. , .. , . ( ) . , - , E = h c / = h . (3) n d = dn E , (3) . dn , n , d (3) , / n - E . T : = a1T 4 [/3], n = a2T 3 [/3], E = a3T [], (4) T - , ai - : a1 = 7,56 10- 15, a2 = 20,28, a3 = 3,73 10- 16. (4) -. (4) , T = 3 K 550 1 . , 6 0,03 1 ( 3). ,

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108 - 1010 . 109 : . , , . E = mc2 1000 ( = 1 ), (4) T = 3 K (1 = 6,24 1011 ) 7 10- 4 . 109 , . : (. ). , R ("" ) , . " ", , , . , " () " . (1) = R = HR. , R - 3. , , E = mc2. . ( ), .. . T, R (.. ) . , VT 3 (V = 4R 3 /3 - ) . , R T RT = const, .. T 1/ R. , , , " " " ". " " .

(4) , R T : T 4, T 3, T 1/ R. , " " (R 0, T ) , . " " ( ) - " " ( ) R T. , " " T ( ). T (4), kT. , kT ( 1 ), ( 1 ), - - , , T - . . m ( m E = mc2 ), : ( ) - , . , , - . - 1 m . kT mc2, , (3), , (3) . ( 7/8) (4), kT mc 2 . - . . , . , - . , kT mc2 , kT mc2. , , E = mc2 : -

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(e+ , E = 0,5 , T = 6 109 K), - (÷+ , E = 106 ), - (+ , 0 , E 135 ) 1012 K, , ( p, p , E = 938,26 ) ( n, n , T = 939,55 ) 1013 K. ( 1,3 ) , . " " T. T 3000 K, kT 1 . , , T 3 T. - T 104 K : , T. - T 1010 K, - ( 6 109 K) - . 105 /3. , . p, p n, n (T 1013 K), Np Nn N p / N n = exp { ( m n - m p ) c / kT } =
2

, T 3 1/R 3 (.. ). () , T = 1010 K 4He, kT 1 . , , , . , . 109 K ( 3 : 1), , 108 - 1010 . , - . T . "" , . , , . , " ", T 1032 K , (, , ), : . , , 1011 K . - . . , . 2 8 GR R - -------------------- = const , 3
2

= exp { 1,3 / kT } ,

(5)

T = 1010 K Np / Nn 76/24. , 4He ( ), MH / MHe = 52/48 . , 3 : 1. , , (5) . , T = 109 K (5) Np / Nn = 86/14, MH / MHe = 72/28, . . . -

(6)

R - , R = - , - ( ) , G = 6,67 10- 8 -------- - . R - 3, R - 4,
3

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(R 0) (6) , . (6) : ( = const R - 4) R t 1/2, ( = const R - 3) R t 2/3. R 1/T t T - 2 t T - 3/2 . , 104 K , - . , " " T = 1032 K 10- 43 , T = 1013 K - 10- 6 , T = 1010 K - 1 , T = 109 K - 1 , T = 104 K ( ) - 100 , T = 103 K - 1 . , " ", - . , , 15 " ". . [1, 2].

( , - .) [3, 4] ( .. ), [5, 6].
ãàíÖêÄíìêÄ
1. . . .: , 1981. 2. . . .: , 1982. 3. .., .. // . 1982. 8. . 33 - 45. 4. .. // . 1983. 9. . 11 - 24. 5. .. . .: , 1990. 6. .., .., .. . .: - , 1988.

*** .. 1962 . 1978 - ( ). 100 . 1972 . .

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