Документ взят из кэша поисковой машины. Адрес оригинального документа : http://photonics.phys.msu.ru/prakLBV.pdf Дата изменения: Thu Apr 8 15:16:13 2010 Дата индексирования: Fri Jun 25 14:46:44 2010 Кодировка: Поисковые слова: m 13

() - . . . . . 1. . , , . 10- 20-30 - 500 .

. 1. - , , , . . , , . , . . , . v0 v, "", . . 1 : 1-; 2-; 3-; 4 ; 5-1; 6- ( 11); 7- ; 8-;


9- ; 10- ; 11- -; 12- ; 13- ; 15 - . , . (10). , . . . . , . . , . , , , . 2. . . . : ) , , ( z), ; ) ( ), ; ) : ( ). . "" . , - . . , - . ,
2


. , - . , - . , , (.2). , . , . , "" , , . ( ) ch v , ( 1) 2 a h a - , c - . : c 2a , h. (1) , , , .. [2]. , - , jL jC (L C - ). =/v =(LC)1/2. Z=(L /C)1/2. L C , Z . , , (. (6) "-"). -j/C -j/L. . ([1], (31), (32)) , . [3]: d j Z 1 / 2 d ( - j( ± ) ) a = ( ) (A + A- ) , ( 2a ) e q ± 2Z e dz + dz n Z d d ( ± j ) A = ± ( ) 1 / 2 (a - a ) , ( 2 ) q± eZ - dz dz + n
3


a+ a- - e+q e-q, q=q/v0, q - ; A+ A_ - ± ; Zn - , : Z n=2v0q/(I0),V0 - , I0 - . : 1 a= (V ± Z I ) , ( 3a ) ± 2 2Z 1 n1 n 1 A= (V ± Z I ) , ( 3) ± 2 2Z n n V1 I1 - , ( ), V I , .2. : 1. A+ a+ a-. 2. : 1/2(Z/Zn)1/2 <<1. A+ a± . (2) d/dz-je. (2)

A , ( 4a) Z e+ n d j Z ( ± j ) A = - (a - a ) , ( 4 ) q± - dz 2Z e+ n (4) (z=0) : a A ± (0)=0, A+ (0) = A , exp(jt) . ( - j( ± ) ) a = - e q ± dz 2
, 1/ 4 2 ( 4 CQ ) n b - , C - , 3 =(ZI0)/(4V0), QC . C (4) e-z, =je (1+C ). (4) . ( 2 + 4 QC ) ( j - b) = 1 , ( 5) 2 Z = ( 1 + Cb) , e = c 4 QC , q e 1 Z =

d

j

Z

4


(5) 1,2=x1,2+jy1,2 (x2=-x1), , b3, , , . 3 ( , QC=0 ). QC x1 (3)1/2/2. QC v=v0/(1+(C24QC)1/2) QC>>1 . (b>0). QC1 . A+ a - e-z

b - 4 QC 2 b+ 1 + jy =± -( ) - j( 1, 2 1, 2 1, 2 2 2 4 QC = e+ q ( b2 =4QC ), x1,2 = ±x x
1, 2

4 QC 2

) ( 6)



= 1 2 4 QC .
- Re 1 z

A+1

e

. 2 ( 4 QC ) 1 / 4 z. , v0 , (-z). . , v=v0, E1-<0 P1- =E1-, v<0. , P, 2 2 P=P +P =(A -a ( 7) ) = cost . + -1 + - A+1 A+1 a-a-1. , b= -(4QC)1/2 A+ a_ , [3].
5

= exp (

e cz


(4) : - z - z , a_ = d e 1 +d e 2 1 2 - z - z A = j 2 4 4 QC ( d ( + j 4 QC ) e 1 + d ( + j 4 QC ) e 2 ) , ( 8) + 11 22 = j ( 1 + C =x + jy ), , 1, 2 1, 2 1, 2 1, 2 1, 2 e d1 d2 - . (z=0) a _( 0 ) = 0 , d1 + d 2 = 0 ; A ( 0) = A = j 2 4 4 QC ( d ( + j 4 QC ) + d ( + j 4 QC ) ) , + 11 22 d1 d2 2 P =A = A 2 ( 1 + Fsh2 Cx z ) , ( 9a) + + 21 2 P ( z) = - a _ = A 2 - P ( z) , ( 9 b) 1- + 2V 0 q -1 F = ( 1 + ( + - ) - . ) e q 2 IZ 0e P+ (z) . z=L =e+q , P ( L) = A 2 exp ( 2 Cx L) . ( 10 ) + e1 : P ( L) G ( ) = 10 lg + ( 11) 54. 6 x CN - 6 , 1m P ( 0) + L 1 ,N= e x 1m = - , 2 2 4 QC . P1- , . , , P1- << P0 = I0V0 . (11) . . , QC>>1, , QC<<1. . (., , [2-4]) : d G ( ) = 54. 6 ( x - x ) CN - 14. 5 ( 12 ) 1 3
6


, (11), x1 - , dx - "" , ( dx1). 1/3 , "" . , .. , . x1 QC QC<1

QC ) , 1m 3 2 , . 3. , , (12) G ==-14,5 (N=0) G=-6 (11). x

=

3

(1 -

4

G() (12) 4QC C. 4Q .4, ea (a- ), bn /a, bn - . C Z , = 3 ( I 0 Z ) ( 4 V0 ) . V0Z/C ea .5. c v0 = 505 dx =1,15. 3. . - , . . . .
7

V0 ( ) .


. , ( (12) [1]) i= v = 0v+v0+ v). (, v , . . , , ( ). - . . . , , .. [6]. 1. . , P G=/P (+(L)), P =Pm . ,

P = A ( L) = CI V , ( 13 ) m +1 00 I0 V0 - , C- , . , , = 0.1. G , Pv =Pm/G0, G0- . G P >Pm . P ( ) - ( ) m G ( ) = G ( 1 - ( ) 2 - ... ) , ( 14 ) 0 P ( ) m
G0 () (12), G1 <0, P ( ) = 10 lg (

A + ( 0) I 0 V0

2

) . A + ( L)
2

: P ( ) = 10 lg ( PPm , P ( ) P ( ) - G ( ) m m 0

). I 0 V0 Pm . ( 15 )

8


2. . , (14), - . (L) , , . . P+ (z)= 2 A+1(z) Pe(z)= 2 .. A+1(z) V0(z), Pe(z) : V0 ( z ) I 0 = Pe ( z ) . z A ( z ) = A ( L) e - Re 1 ( L - z ) . +1 +1

=- = exp ( - 2Re 1 ( L - z )) = e exp ( - 2Re 1 ( L - z )) . V I 0 V0 I 0 V0 0- z 1 (z) : 1 v ( z ) v 0 z. ( 16 ) ( z ) = I z z = - 0 z - m1 e e e 1 v 2v 0 0 (16) L L 1 exp ( - 2 Re ( L - z ) ) dz = e e . = d ( z ) = 1 1 4 Re 2 e e0 0 1 QC Re 1 =(3/4)1/2e C.

V0 ( z )

A ( z)

2

A + 1 ( L)

2

z

z

= 0. 3 e c



.

( 17 )

, (17) . : 1,2=(-±/2), A (t)=A0(cos( 1 t)+cos( 2 t)) . : A (t)=2A0 cos(t/2)вcos( t). : 2 1. 2A 2 G 2 0. 3 A ( L) 0 A cos 2 t = m( 1 + cos t ) , = = cI V 2 cI V 00 00

9


GA =10Go/20 -

,

t A ( t ) = 2A G cos cos( t + m( 1 + cos t ) ) . ( 18 ) 0A 0 2 cos (m cost) = J0 (m)-2 J2(m) cos(2t)+2 J4(m) cos(4t)+ ... , sin (mcost) =2 J1(m) cos(t)-2J3(m)cos(3t)+2J5(m) cos(5t)+... A(t) 1 2 , 1-k 2 +k (k=1,2,...):
A ( t ) = J 0 ( m) ( cos( 1 t + m) + cos( 2 t + m) ) -
2 1

0. 6 A 2G 2 0 A. m= cI V 00



( 19 )

- 2 J ( m) ( sin ( 1 t + m) + sin ( 2 t + m) + sin ( 1 t - t + m) + sin ( 2 t + t + m) ) + + 2J 2 ( m) ( cos( 1 t - t + m) + cos( 2 t + t + m) + cos( 1 t - 2 t + m) + cos( 2 t + 2 t + m) ) - - 2 J 3 ( m) ( cos( 1 t - 2 t + m) + cos( 2 t + 2 t + m) + cos( 1 t - 3 t + m) + cos( 2 t + 3 t + m) ) ...

, k=1,2,... P P J 2 ( m) 1, x 2, x = =x . ( 20 ) P P 2 ( m) J 1, 0 2, 0 0 .

4.

10


- . 6. : 1-, 2 , 3- , 4 - , 5 - () (), 6 , 7 . 1. . , (. 1). , , , . 16 . , 1200 . , . ( ) . . , , . , . 2. . (.6) - , , - - , ( ). , , . , , , , . 3. . , . , : U=-10 , U = 235 , , , U=1150 . , . 4. .
11


10 - : () - 9 () 3-23. 4-9 2000 - 3800 . : (mW) ( W). . 100 10-8 . 2-23 . . 11. 2950 - 4500 . ("0" ) 10-8- 10-9 ( 90 ). 4-9 3-23 (..). 5. . 4-27 " - ". , - . 10-11 . : (.6). . 7. , , 1 2. 3, . 4 5. 160-40 6 80 . . , 7 8, 9 10, 11 12. , 1- 7, , 13 14. 9 , 75 , , (8 В 10 ) 1В70 . 15 " MHz" " kHz",
12


. 16 " dB" "". 12 14. 17, 18. 4-27. 1. .. 4-27 . 10-15 . :


MHz MHz . dB GHz . 2-80 . 0 dB 1.9-12


. 2-80 -49 dB 1.9-12

2. b 0 . "" . 3. , . , GHz. GHz , , . 4. . 1 10, , 1 10 . . 0.1-5, . 5. . db . . 5. . 1. . 4-9 4-27.

13


, (" W") , . 1, . 9, . , 2 - , " GHz", "1,9 12". 4-9. 10 - 15 . , "" "". "" " ". "" " W". 3000 "MHz". "W" -100 A, 100 . " W" (" W" "dB"). 100 (-40 1 ) (-140 1 ). 10-2В10-3 . . ms "0,3" s "0,3". . ( " "kHz" 300), "" " MHz" "2 80". "MHz" . "1,9 12 GHz" 3000 . ( "") (-49 ). . 10В50 A. ( "" ), . " W", . "0,1-5MHz" . , . 10-4В10-5 (-100 В-110 dB). 2. . 1. 2 . , .3 - 5. " -I " . 2. . , . " W". , . "U", . . , -120 -110 . . N1 (-120 -140 )
14


. ""-J1. "" " ". -J , . ( , , .) J1 -J0. , , . , " W" , J1 -J0 . N2 . N2 -N1 G =N -N , ( 21) ( ) 2 1 , "-110 " , . . ( " " 6 dB :-30, -20, -10, 0). , (J0 >0) . 3. . G () (U ) 50 1020 1450. "". , "dB,". G (U )-G "dB, ". .2, . , ( 3 ). 4. . -100, -90, 80, -70 . , 10-1 W (-70 ), .2. 3-23 , .7 ( ). , , " GHz" "1,9-12" " GHz " "1-12". () "" - " GHz", "1,9- 12". , ( "" ). "-50dB"

15


" dB" 1 В 3 . -23. "60". , . 2 , -23 N0 . 3-23 -10 . . 3-23. (29), N1 N2 , " dB". , . 2-23 N : N0 -5dB, N0 -10dB, N0 -15dB, N0 -20dB .. U , . 5. . 4-9 3-23 ( 2). . 4-9 "-40 dB" 3-23 "50" ( " 2). "1-12", "." "1,9-12" . . "" "2-80". 4-9 3-23 ( ). , . 3В5 . "" " dB" , . 3-23 . , . . 4 , "dB ". "dB ". 3- ( ). 3-23 4-9, 5 (-45,-50,-55 ..). . . . .
16


1. , (12). bn =0,1 , a=0,13 ,c/ v=505/(V0())1/2. 4Q Z .4 5. 2. ( ). .4. ( 3 ). 3. , . , 2,3,4. , (13). Pm (15). (14). . 2 0. 6 A 0 G 4. m = , A0 I 0 V0 (P)1/2, P - , G- , G =10Go/20 . m , , (13), k , 0 Jk2(m)/J02(m) ( , . (20)).

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. "-". .. " ". , 1953 . " ". , 1963 . " ". . , 1952 -- " ". , 1958 .., .. " ". . , 1964

17