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Determination of Planck constant and the new SI
Savely G Karshenboim Pulkovo observatory () (St. Petersburg) and Max-Planck-Institut fÝr Quantenoptik (Garching)


Outline
structure of input and output of the adjustment Rydberg constant


h

quantum Hall standards quantum Josephson standards Watt-balance silicon crystale


Structure of the input data and output values
Auxiliary input data
Auxiliary data = exact + the most accurate data which are to be evaluated prior the adjustment: R, me/mp, atomic masses. related data: h/m, hNA ... h related data: e, e/h, ... The lines ( ) are equations: e.g., theoretical expressions for h/M, the Lamb shift, ... Some data are measured, a lot are derived: mp [kg], me [Mev/c2], ... G is uncorrelated,...

related data
h & related data

derived values independent data


Structure of the input data and output values
Auxiliary input data: c, 0; R, Rp, me/mp Auxiliary data = exact + the most accurate data which are to be evaluated prior the adjustment: R, me/mp, atomic masses. related data: h/m, hNA ... h related data: e, e/h, NA ... The lines ( ) are equations: e.g., theoretical expressions for h/M, the Lamb shift, ... Some data are measured, a lot are derived: mp [kg], me [Mev/c2], ... G is uncorrelated; k, aµ, ...

& related data: h/me, h·NA h & related data: h, e, NA derived values independent data: G, k, aµ


Example: multiplicative vs. additive: R vs.
equations: uncertainties:
R ~ 10-11 ~ 10-9 ­ 10
1/2
-10

2 10-4 â 10-9


Example: multiplicative vs. additive: R vs.
equations: uncertainties:
R ~ 10-11 ~ 10-9 ­ 10
1/2
-10

2 10-4 â 10-9

`almost´
exact


Rydberg constant
hydrogen & deuterium spectroscopy electron-proton elastic scattering Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen
few parts in 10
12


block
equations: input data
h/me


block
equations: input data
h/me h/mp

me/m

p


block
equations: input data
h/me h/mp h/mat

me/mp mp in u mat in u


block
equations: input data
h/me h/mp h/mat

me/mp mp in u mat in u

output
h·NA


block
equations: input data
h/me h/mp h/mat

me/mp mp in u mat in u

output
h·NA


block


block
QED vs. Penning trap: ae recoil spectroscopy
h/mRb h/mCs

quantum Hall standard vs calculable capacitor: RK


block
QED vs Penning trap: ae recoil spectroscopy
h/mRb h/mCs

below 1 part in 109


Quantum Hall effect and a standard of resistance

W. Poirier, Les Houches, 2007


block
QED vs. Penning trap: ae recoil spectroscopy
h/mRb h/mCs

quantum Hall standard vs calculable capacitor: RK


Needs for a `theory´ for QHE
steps rational universal relation to


Needs for a `theory´ for QHE
steps rational universal relation to


Needs for a `theory´ for QHE
steps rational universal relation to


h block
known from block input:
h e NA

h·NA h/me

output
me µB


h block


h block


h block: the most important da t a


h block: the most important da t a
watt ballance Avogadro constant from ehrhiched Si


Josephson effect and quantum volt stardard

B. Jeanneret, Les Houches, 2007


watt-ballance

B. Jeanneret, Les Houches, 2007


watt-ballance

B. Jeanneret, Les Houches, 2007


h block: the most important da t a
watt ballance Avogadro constant from ehrhiched Si


Monocrystale of
monocrystale ~ 1 kg

28Si
isotopic composition 28Si: 92% 29Si: 5% 30Si: 3%


Monocrystale of
monocrystale ~ 1 kg

28Si
isotopic composition 28Si: 92% 99.985% 29Si: 5% 30Si: 3%


Monocrystale of
monocrystale ~ 1 kg

28Si
isotopic composition 28Si: 92% 99.985% 29Si: 5% 30Si: 3%


Monocrystale of
monocrystale ~ 1 kg

28Si
isotopic composition 28Si: 92% 99.985% 29Si: 5% 30Si: 3%


Monocrystale of
monocrystale ~ 1 kg

28Si
isotopic composition 28Si: 92% 99.985% 29Si: 5% 30Si: 3%


h block: the most important da t a
watt ballance Avogadro constant from ehrhiched Si problem remains


h block: the most important da t a
watt ballance Avogadro constant from ehrhiched Si
2006

problem remains


h block: the most important da t a
watt ballance Avogadro constant from ehrhiched Si
2006

problem remains


Progress


Progress


Progress


Progress


Problems
R & R me/mp h G k aµ
p

+ better accuracy + two methods + sensitivity to 5 loops ­ 6-sigma jump


Problems
R & R me/mp h G k aµ
p

+ natural-silicon discrepacy resolved + better accuracy for Avodagro - new discrepancy NPL NRC N I ST - 3


Do we need a new definition? The most probably, yes, we do!
R & R me/mp h G k aµ
p


Do we need a new definition? The most probably, yes, we do!
R & R me/mp h G k aµ
p


Are we ready for the new definition?
R & R me/mp h G k aµ
p

+ natural-silicon discrepacy resolved + better accuracy for Avodagro - new discrepancy NPL NRC