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Penetrators for Europa
Rob Gowen on behalf of UK Penetrator Consortium
University College London Birkbeck College London Imperial College London Open University Leicester University Cambridge University SSC Surrey University Universit

QinetiQ Astrium SSTL Magna Parva

+ international support
MSSL/UCL UK

Europa Lander Workshop - Moscow, Feb12 2009


Contents
Introduction... Science Instruments Technology Mass Future program Conclusions

Europa Lander Workshop - Moscow, Feb12 2009

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Micropenetrator & Instruments
· Low mass [~5-15Kg] · Very tough [~100-500m/s, impact ~10-50kgee] · Perform science from below surface [~0.5-few m] Example Payload (~2kg)
Micro seismometers Chemistry package (mass spect.) Soil/environment package
(accel, magnetometer,therm,...)

~20-60cms

Science Capability
sub-surface ocean, inner body structure tectonics, cryovulcanism organics and inorganics soil mechanical properties, thermal & electrical properties Mineralogy, UV DNA flouresence impact site context & PR MSSL/UCL UK

Sample imager/astrobiology camera Descent camera

Europa Lander Workshop - Moscow, Feb12 2009


Technology
..more than just a penetrator

Spacecraft support
­ Attach/eject, power, comms

Descent module
­ De-orbit motor ­ Attitude control

Penetrator
­ Platform (shell,power,thermal, comms,data proc) ­ Science instruments
Europa Lander Workshop - Moscow, Feb12 2009
Courtesy SSTL

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Penetrator delivery
Release from Orbiter Spin-up & Decelerate Spin-Down

Reorient

Penetrator
Separation

Penetrator & SDS surface Impact
Delivery sequence courtesy SSTL

Europa Lander Workshop - Moscow, Feb12 2009

Operate from MSSL/UCL below surface ow surface

UK


Post Impact

Target area of upwelled material (astrobiology) ~0.5 to few metres below surface (reduced radiation) 2 in-situ elements de-risk/improve performance Ground truth/complementary to surface landers/orbiter Lifetime: few hours (geochemistry/astrobiology, soil properties) to few orbits (seismic measurements) (rhu)
Europa Lander Workshop - Moscow, Feb12 2009 MSSL/UCL UK


TRL
Previous Mars96, DS2, Lunar-A developments UK currently developing technology for lunar mission Most instruments have existing space heritage. + successful full scale impact trial in UK.
Prototype, ruggedized ion trap mass-spectrometer Open University (Rosetta)

Micro-seismometer Imperial College (ExoMars)

Europa Lander Workshop - Moscow, Feb12 2009

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developments required for Europa... (beyond MoonLITE)
Impact (hard,rough) Targetting Radiation Planetary protection Transmission Long cruise phase Telemetry
Key requirements: 1.`Unbreakable' 2.Can do the science

Europa Lander Workshop - Moscow, Feb12 2009

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Mass
2Kg

Payload
3.7Kg

Penetrator Total System
(payload +penetrator +delivery system) DS2 ~3.6Kg

Lunar-A/MoonLITE ~13Kg

13Kg 17Kg

~30Kg

+30% contingency

Europa Lander Workshop - Moscow, Feb12 2009

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Status

Europa Lander Workshop - Moscow, Feb12 2009

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Performed Full-Scale Impact Trial 19-21 May 2008
Fired 3 Penetrators, ~13kg, Aluminum 300m/s impact velocity Normal Incidence Dry sand target

0.56m

Europa Lander Workshop - Moscow, Feb12 2009

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Impact trial ­ Payload
Radiation sensor Batteries Magnetometers Mass spectrometer

Accelerometers Power Interconnection Processing Micro-seismometers Accelerometers, Thermometer Batteries,Data logger Europa Lander Workshop - Moscow, Feb12 2009 Drill assembly MSSL/UCL UK


Trial Hardware

Inners Stack

Europa Lander Workshop - Moscow, Feb12 2009

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Impact Trial - Configuration
Rocket sled Penetrator

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Target

Dry sand 2m x2m x6m Small front entrance aperture (polythene)
Europa Lander Workshop - Moscow, Feb12 2009 MSSL/UCL UK


Real-Time Impact Video

Europa Lander Workshop - Moscow, Feb12 2009

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Firing

Europa Lander Workshop - Moscow, Feb12 2009

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Pendine Trials
· All 3 impacts ~310m/s (nearly supersonic), ~10° nose up (worst case) · Penetration depth ~3.9m significant ablation to nose and underside, but no distortion to inner payload bays · Gee forces: ~5kgee along axis, to ~16kgee spikes · All 3 penetrators survived and still operational · No critical failures.
Europa Lander Workshop - Moscow, Feb12 2009 MSSL/UCL UK


1'st Firing ­ MSSL accelerometer data
Peak gee forces in rear of penetrator Firing Along axis 1'st 3'rd 11kgee Vertical Horizo ntal 4kgee 7kgee
cutter Main impact

11 kgee Along axis
Girder

10 kgee 15kgee 17kgee

15 kgee Vertical axis

Along axis: Cutter: 3kgee Main: 10kgee Girder: 1kgee

4 kgee Horizontal axis

Europa Lander Workshop - Moscow, Feb12 2009

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Survival Table
Item Penetrator Q-accel sys Rad sensor Batteries Drill components Magnetometer Micro seismometers components (protected) Mass spectrometer MSSL accel system including data logging and internal harnessing Firing 1 n/a n/a Firing 2 n/a n/a n/a n/a Minor damage Firing 3 n/a n/a n/a n/a Minor damage

No critical failures Europa Lander Workshop - Moscow, Feb12 2009 MSSL/UCL UK


Development Plan
Apr 2009 - MoonLITE -> phase-A start May 2009 - MoonLITE TRL5 18 month development start 2009 - delta developments for Europa ?
Jan 2010

- full scale trial #2 - full scale trial #3 - lunar (MoonLITE) -> Phase-B

Mar 2011 Apr 2011

2014

-

MoonLITE launch

Europa Lander Workshop - Moscow, Feb12 2009

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Conclusions
Penetrators offer a credible approach and have the potential to deliver excellent science. Penetrators can provide ground truth and complement orbital and other surface elements. We are open to international collaboration. We need to start penetrator `outer planets' science/technology studies We need a delivery spacecraft !

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- End -

Europa Lander Workshop - Moscow, Feb12 2009

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