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Arthropoda Selecta 13 (12): 6975

ї ARTHROPODA SELECTA, 2004

Spiders (Aranei) from Oymyakon, the cold pole of the northern hemisphere (Yakutia, Siberia) Пауки (Aranei) Оймякона, полюса холода северного полушария (Якутия) Yuri M. Marusik1, Seppo Koponen2 & Nadezhda K. Potapova Ю.М. Марусик, С. Копонен, Н.К. Потапова
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3

Institute for Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Portovaya Str. 18, Magadan 685000 Russia; E-mail: yurmar@mail.ru 1 Институт биологических проблем Севера ДВО РАН, Портовая 18, Магадан 685000 Россия. 2 Zoological Museum, Centre for Biodiversity, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; E-mail: sepkopo@utu.fi 3 Institute for Biological Problems of Cryolithozone, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Lenina 41, Yakutsk 677891, Russia; E-mail: n.k.potapova@ibpc.ysn.ru 3 Институ биологических проблем криолитозоны СО РАН, пр. Ленина 41, Якутск 677891 Россия.

KEY WORDS: Araneae, spiders, faunistic records, distribution patterns, Yakutia. КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: Araneae, пауки, фаунистические находки, распространение, Якутия. ABSTRACT: Fifty-five species of spiders were collected in the Oymyakon area (ca 64.565њN, 142 145њE), eastern Yakutia, 2003. The vast majority of species found are boreal and hypoarctic spiders. The material include some steppe species, e.g. Zelotes baltistanus Caporiacco, 1935, Pellenes gobiensis Schenkel, 1936 and P. limbatus Kulczyсski, 1895, at the northern limits of their range. Haplodrassus pugnans (Simon, 1880), Micaria lenzi Bцsenberg, 1899, Philodromus alascensis Keyserling, 1884, Chalcoscirtus glacialis sibiricus Marusik, 1991 and Xysticus baltistanus (Caporiacco, 1935) are xerothermic species found here in northern cold steppes. Three species, Euryopis saukea Levi, 1951, Pellenes gobiensis and Thanatus tuvinensis Logunov, 1996 are new to Yakutia. The distribution patterns of the species found as well as of five previously reported species are discussed. РЕЗЮМЕ: 55 видов пауков зарегистрированы в Оймяконской котловине (~64.565њсш 142145њвд). Подавляющее большинство видов имеет бореальный или гипоарктический ареал. Некоторые из зарегистрированных видов являются степными: Zelotes baltistanus Caporiacco, 1935, Pellenes gobiensis Schenkel, 1936 and P. limbatus Kulczyсski, 1895. Их находки в Оймяконе являются самыми северными в ареале. Haplodrassus pugnans (Simon, 1880), Micaria lenzi Bцsenberg, 1899, Philodromus alascensis Keyserling, 1884, Chalcoscirtus glacialis sibiricus Marusik, 1991 и Xysticus baltistanus (Caporiacco, 1935) являются обитателями северных тундростепей. Три вида, Euryopis saukea Levi, 1951, Pellenes gobiensis и Thanatus tuvinensis Logunov, 1996 являются новыми для Якутии. Обсуждается распространение всех видов найденных в Оймяконской котловине.

Introduction
Yakutia (or Republic of Sakha) is the largest administrative unit of Russia, about 3 100 000 km2, consisting of taiga, steppe, forest tundra, tundra and mountain ecosystems. This wide area is reaching from the Amur region to the Arctic Ocean. The known spider fauna of Yakutia includes nowadays about 435 species. The last check-list of Yakutian spiders is ten years old [Marusik et al., 1993]. The real species number is much higher, because there are large areas almost unstudied, and at least 600700 species can expect to be found in Yakutia [see Marusik & Koponen, 2002]. The area of Oymyakon, east of the Verhoyansky Mountains in eastern Yakutia, is known as the cold pole of the northern Hemisphere. The absolute minimal temperature registered here is 71њC. Our study area is somewhat north of the proper cold pole area of Oymyakon, although the mean minimal temperatures here are almost the same [Handbook of the climate of the Soviet Union, 1967; Alfimov, personal communication]. In the present paper, we are dealing with the spider fauna found in this area, mainly collected in the summer 2003.

Study area, material and methods
The study area is situated in eastern Yakutia, ca 64.5њN, 142.5145њE (Fig. 1), north of the Oymyakon cold pole site. Weather data for Oymyakon are as follows [after Mьller, 1982]: mean daily temperature in January 50.1њC, in July +14.5њC, and yearly mean 16.5њC; absolute maxium +33њC and minimum 71њC. Material was collected by the author N.P., mainly by pitfall traps and sweep netting. The main collecting areas were:


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Yuri M. Marusik, Seppo Koponen & Nadezhda K. Potapova

Fig. 1. Location of the study sites in the Oymyakon area. Рис. 1. Места сборов пауков в Оймяконской долине.

1) Kurung-Asylyk River, right tributary of Burustakh River, mining place Pobeda, 80 km E of Ust-Nera town, 64њ27?N, 144њ54?E (sites a1a13), 2) Kurung-Asylyk River, Tagania River, 64њ28?N, 144њ38?E (site b1), 3) Olchan River, left tributary of Indigirka River, mining place Oktjabrsky, 80 km NW of Ust-Nera, 64њ49?N, 142њ32?E (sites c1c12), 4) Vicinity of Ust-Nera, right bank of Indigirka River, 64њ19N, 143њ35E (sites d1d10). Habitats, methods, and date of collecting 1) Kurung-Asylyk R., Pobeda. Site a1: 12.07.2003; a2: sweeping Hordeum jubatum vegetation, 14.07.2003; a3: from mixed herb vegetation, 14.07.2003; a4: pitfall trap on gravel, mixed herb slope, 16.07.2003; a5: from mixed herb vegetation, 16.07.2003; a6: pitfall trap on foot of fine-gravel minehill covered by mixed herbs, 17.07.2003; a7: pitfall trap in larch forest without undergrowth, 17.07.2003; a8: pitfall trap in Arctagrostis vegetation, 17.07.2003: a9: pitfall trap in forest clearence, 17.07.2003; a10: pitfall trap in sparse larch forest, 17.07.2003; a11: pitfall trap in larch forest with moss cover and Vacciniun uliginosum, 18.07.2003; a12: pitfall trap in mixed herb-Graminaceae glade, 18.07.2003; a13: pitfall trap at burned site in larch forest, 18.07.2003. 2) Kurung-Asylyk R., Tagania R. Site b1: from mixed herb vegetation, 14.07.2003. 3) Olchan R. Site c1: sweeping Graminaceae-Carex vegetation, 22.07.2003; c2: ice-field in river-creek valley bottom, 24.07.2003; c3: pitfall trap in larch forest with moss cover and Vacciniun vitis-idaea, 25.07.2003; c4: pitfall trap in Salix vegetation with Chamaenerium angustifolium and grasses, 25.07.2003; c5: sweeping C. angustifolium, 25.07.2003; c6: pitfall trap in Chosenia-Populus forest along riverside, 26.07.2003; c7: pitfall trap among moss vegetation in dried temporary pond (with sometimes waste water from mine), 26.07.2003; c8: pitfall trap among mosses and Hordeum jubatum in dried temporary pond (sometimes with waste water from mine), 26.07.2003; c9: pitfall trap on (fine) gravely slope with sparse herb vegetation, 26.07.2003; c10: pitfall trap in sparse herb-willow stand, 26.07.2003; c11: pitfall trap in larch forest with moss and Vaccinium uliginosum, 26.07.2003; c12: sweeping Arctagrostis vegetation, 26.07.2003.

4) Ust-Nera. Site d1: sweeping from Corydalis sibirica in burnt area, 30.07.2003; d2: sweeping from Artemisia in abandoned agricultural area, 31.07.2003; d3: sweeping from Beckmannia syrigachne in abandoned agricultural area, 31.07.2003; d4: pitfall trap in Artemisia vegetation in abandoned agricultural area, 02.08.2003; d5: pitfall trap in Chenopodium album-Polygonum aviculare association in abandoned agricultural area, 02.08.2003: d6: pitfall trap in Calamagrostis-Carex association in abandoned agricultural area, 02.08.2003; d7: pitfall trap in Chenopodium album vegetation in abandoned agricultural area, 02.08.2003; d8: pitfall trap in Hordeum jubatum vegetation in abandoned agricultural area, 02.08.2003; d9: sweeping from Carex in abandoned agricultural area, 03.08.2003; d10: pitfall trap in Chenopodium album vegetation in abandoned agricultural area, 04.08.2003. Material treated herein is deposited in the Zoological Museum, University of Turku, Finland. Some earlier records, including five additional species, from the Oymyakon area mentioned in the check-list of the Yakutian spiders [Marusik et al., 1993], have been also included. These are marked by an asterisk (*).

List of species
Amaurobiidae Arctobius agelenoides (Emerton, 1919)

c10: 1 juv. DISTRIBUTION: This species was found in several localities in Yakutia [Marusik et al., 1993] one of which lies north of 70њN. It has subcircum-Holarctic hypoarcto-boreal range [Marusik et al., 2000] and is distributed from north Scandinavia via whole Siberia southward to Mongolia, northward to Chukotka. In Nearctic it occurs in a western half of Canada (from south to north) and Alaska [Leech, 1972].

a1: 2f, c5: 1juv, d1: 1 juv. DISTRIBUTION: This species was found in several localities in Yakutia [Marusik et al., 1993; Koponen et al.,

Araneidae Aculepeira packardi (Thorell, 1989)


Spiders from Oymyakon, the cold pole of the northern hemisphere (Yakutia, Siberia)
2004] one of which lies north of 70њN. It has circum-Holarctic boreo-nemoral range [Marusik et al., 2000]: from North Scandinavia (sub Araneus lapponicus Holm, 1945), via Ural southward to Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia and China [Marusik et al., 1996]. The northernmost locality in Palaearctic lies in Olenyok River mouth (73њN). b1: 1f, d2: 1f, d3: 1m. DISTRIBUTION: This species was found in many localities across whole Yakutia [Marusik et al., 1993] and know north of 70њN. It has circum-Holarctic polyzonal range [Marusik et al., 2000].

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c10: 1f, d6: 1f. DISTRIBUTION: This species is known from several localities in Yakutia, including one laying north of 70њN [Marusik et al., 1993, 2002]. It has trans-Palaearctic hypoarcto-boreal range [Marusik et al., 2000]. c3: 1m, c10: 1f, c11: 1m. DISTRIBUTION: This species is known from several localities in Yakutia, including one laying north of 70њN [Marusik et al., 1993, 2002]. It has Siberio-Nearctic hypoarcto-boreal range [Marusik et al., 2000]. a11: 1m. DISTRIBUTION: Until the present record this species was known from two localities in Yakutia: Zhigansk Town on the Lena River (67њN) and Kolyma River mouth (ca. 69њN) [Marusik et al., 2000]. It has Siberio-Manchurian polyzonal range [Marusik et al., 2000]. a11: 1f, a13: 2mf, c3: 2mf, c10: 22mf, c11: mf. DISTRIBUTION: This species was known from four localities in Yakutia, including one situated north of 70њN [Marusik et al., 1993; Koponen et al., 2004]. It has subcircum-Holarctic hypoarcto-boreal range [Marusik et al., 2000]. a4: 1f, a6: 2f, a8: 1f, a9: 1f, a12: 1f, a13: 2f, c4: 3f, c10: 9f, c11: 5mf. DISTRIBUTION: This species is known from several localities in Yakutia, situated south of the 69њN latitude [Marusik et al., 1993]. It has trans-Palaearctic polyzonal (steppe?) range [Marusik et al., 2000]. a8: 1f, a9: 1f, a10: 1f, a11: 1m, a12: 2f, a13: 3f, c4: 5f, c10: 6f, c11: 3 mf. DISTRIBUTION: This species is known from several localities in Yakutia, laying south of the 69њN latitude [Marusik et al., 1993]. It has trans-Palaearctic-West Nearctic polyzonal range [Marusik et al., 2000]. c4: 1f, c10: 1f. DISTRIBUTION: Before the present record this species was known in a single locality within Yakutia, laying at about the 62њN latitude [Marusik et al., 1993]. It has Trans-Palaearctic-West Nearctic hypoarcto-boreal range [Marusik et al., 2000]. a4: 1f. DISTRIBUTION: Before the present record this species was known in two localities in Yakutia [Marusik et al., 1993]. The new record is northernmost in the range. Z. baltistanus has Central Asian-Siberian (East Palaearctic) polyzonal (steppe) range [Marusik et al., 2000].

Gnaphosa nigerrima L.Koch, 1878

Larinioides cornutus (Clerck, 1757)

Haplodrassus hiemalis (Emerton, 1909)

a11: 1f. DISTRIBUTION: This species is known at least from four localities in Yakutia [Marusik et al., 1993; Koponen et al., 2004] two of which lies north of the 70њN latitude. It has trans-Palaearctic-NW Nearctic hypoarcto-boreal range [Marusik et al., 2000]. a1: 2f, b1: 1m, c7: 1f, d1: 1f, d3: 1f. DISTRIBUTION: This species is most common and widespread member of the family in Yakutia [cf. Marusik et al., 1993]. One of its localities in Yakutia lies north of the 70њN latitude. It has circum-Holarctic polyzonal range [Marusik et al., 2000].

Dictynidae Arctella lapponica Holm, 1945

Haplodrassus pugnans (Simon, 1880)

Dictyna major Menge, 1869

Micaria alpina L.Koch, 1872

Micaria lenzi Bцsenberg, 1899

a10: 2mf. DISTRIBUTION: Until the present record this species was known from three localities in Yakutia: Zhigansk, along the Lena River [Marusik et al., 1993], Kular [Marusik et al., 2002] and Tuostach [Koponen et al., 2004] at the Yana River; Kular lies north of 70њN. It has East Siberian-West Nearctic hypoarcto-boreal range and occurs from Lena River to the Rocky Mountains (from Yukon to Colorado) in Nearctic [Dondale et al., 1997]. a7: 2m, a9: 8mf, a10: 4m, a11: 11m, a12: 5mf, a13: 4m, c3: 1m, c4: 1f, c10: 2m, c11: 2m. DISTRIBUTION: This species is known from several localities in Yakutia, including one laying north of 70њN [Marusik et al., 1993, 2002]. It has Siberio-trans-Nearctic hypoarcto-boreal range [Marusik & Koponen, 2001]. a6: 1f, c: 5f, c8: 2f, c9: f. DISTRIBUTION: This species is known from several localities in Yakutia, all of which lie south of 68њN [Marusik et al., 1993]. It has Siberian polyzonal range [Marusik et al., 2000]. a9: 4m, a10: 4m, a11: 3mf, a12: 2m, a13: 3m, c3: 1m, c10: 4m, c11: 13m. DISTRIBUTION: This species is known from several localities in Yakutia, including two laying north of 70њN [Marusik et al., 1993, 2002]. It has circum-Holarctic hypoarcto-boreal range [Marusik et al., 2000].

Gnaphosidae Drassodes mirus Platnick et Shadab, 1976

Micaria rossica Thorell, 1875

Gnaphosa borea Kulczyсski, 1908

Micaria tripunctata Holm, 1978

Gnaphosa gracilior Kulczyсski, 1901

Zelotes baltistanus Caporiacco, 1935

Gnaphosa microps Holm, 1939

a6: 1f, a11: 1f, c3: 7f, c10: 1f, c11: 11f. DISTRIBUTION: This species is known from several localities in Yakutia, all of which are situated south of the

Linyphiidae Agyneta (Agyneta) olivacea Emerton, 1882


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Yuri M. Marusik, Seppo Koponen & Nadezhda K. Potapova
latitude [Marusik et al., 1993]. It has Siberian boreal range [Marusik et al., 2000]. a4: 1f, a11: 1m, a12: 1f, c3: 1f. DISTRIBUTION: This species is the most widespread member of the genus in Yakutia and one of the most common wolf spiders [Marusik et al., 1993, 2002]. Some of its localities lie north of the 70њN latitude. It seems that A. borea has Siberian hypoarcto-boreal range [Marusik et al., 2000]. c4: 2f, c10: 2f, d6: DISTRIBUTION: was known from four 1993; Koponen et al., [Marusik et al., 2000].

67њN latitude [Marusik et al., 1993]. It has circum-Holarctic hypoarcto-nemoral range [Marusik et al., 2000]. DISTRIBUTION: Three localities in Yakutia [Marusik et al., 1993]. It hast trans-Palaearctic boreo-nemoral range. c8: 1f. DISTRIBUTION: This species was known from five localities in Yakutia, all are south of the 65њN latitude [Marusik et al., 1993; Koponen et al., 2004]. It has Siberio-northeast Nearctic hypoarcto-boreal range [Marusik et al., 2000]. c7: 1m. DISTRIBUTION: This species is one of the most widespread members of Erigoninae in Yakutia, however no of its records in Yakutia lie north of 67њN [Marusik et al., 1993]. It has circum-Holarctic polyzonal range [Marusik et al., 2000]. c7: 4m, c8: 5mf, d8: 22mf. DISTRIBUTION: This species was known from four localities in Yakutia, all of which are situated south of the 68њN latitude [Marusik et al., 1993]. It has Siberian hypoarcto-boreal range [Marusik et al., 2000]. c7: 2mf. DISTRIBUTION: This species is known from many localities in Yakutia [Marusik et al., 1993, 2002; Koponen et al., 2004] most of which lie north of the 70њN latitude. It has circum-Holarctic arctic range. E. psychrophila is one of the two spider species reaching 80њN [Marusik et al., 2000]. DISTRIBUTION: Three localities in Yakutia, south of 65њN [Marusik et al., 1993]. It has East-Siberian hypoarctic range [Eskov, 1994] c3: 1f. DISTRIBUTION: This species was collected in about 20 localities all over whole Yakutia, south of 67.5њN [Marusik et al., 1993; Koponen et al., 2004]. It has subcircum-Holarctic polyzonal range [Marusik et al., 2000].

Ceratinopsis romanus(O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1872)*

Alopecosa borea (Kulczyсski, 1908)

Dactylopisthes video (Chamberlin et Ivie, 1947)

Alopecosa kulczynski ternbergs, 1979

Erigone atra Blackwall, 1883

1f. Until the present record this species localities in Yakutia [Marusik et al., 2004]. It has Siberian boreal range

Erigone hypoarctica Eskov, 1989

a5: 1m, a7: 1m, c6: 1f. DISTRIBUTION: This species is known from more than 10 localities in Yakutia [Marusik et al., 1993]. It has Siberian hypoarcto-boreal range [Marusik et al., 2000]. a8: 2m, c4: 35mf, c8: 1f, c10: 1m, d6: 4f, d7: 2f, d10: 1f. DISTRIBUTION: This species was known from more than 10 localities in Yakutia south of the 68њN latitude [Marusik et al., 1993]. It has Siberian hypoarcto-nemoral range [Logunov & Marusik, 1995]. a9: 8m 2f, a10: 42mf, a11: 33mf, a12: c10: 7mf, c11: 5mf. DISTRIBUTION: Several localities in wards to to Kular, north of 70њN [Marusik et Holarctic boreo-montane range [Marusik et

Alopecosa sibirica (Kulczyсski, 1908)

Pardosa adustella (Roewer, 1951)

Erigone psychrophila Thorell, 1872

Pardosa lapponica Thorell, 1872)

8mf, a13: 29mf, Yakutia, northal., 2002]. It has al, 2000].

Erigonoplus minaretifer Eskov, 1986*

Microlinyphia pusilla (Sundevall, 1829)

a1: 1m, c7: 3f. DISTRIBUTION: This species was known from four localities in Yakutia [sub P. groenlandica (Thorell, 1872), Marusik et al., 1993], one of this records lie north of the 70њN latitude [Marusik et al., 2003]. It seems that it has East Siberian hypoarcto-boreal range [Marusik, 2004]. a12: 2m, a13: 1f, c10: 1f, d5: 1f, d6: 35mf, d7: 3f, d8: 2f, d10: 8f. DISTRIBUTION: This species was known from six localities in Yakutia [Marusik et al., 1993, 2002; Koponen et al., 2004], one of them lies north of the 70њN latitude. It has Siberio-northwestern Nearctic hypoarcto-boreal range [cf. Kronestedt, 1986]. a6: 11m 2f, a7: 1m, a8: 4mf, a11: 5m, a13: 1m, c2: 1f, c4: 70mf, c6: 21mf, c7: 14mf, c8: 11mf, c9: 2f, c10: 31mf, c11: 2f, d4: 66mf, d5: 7mf, d6: 3f, d7: 9mf, d8: 61mf, d10: 13mf. DISTRIBUTION: This species is one of the most widespread spiders in Yakutia. It was found in more than 30 localities [Marusik et al., 1993, 2002], only two of which are situated north of 70њN. P. tesquorum has trans-Siberio-subtrans-Nearctic hypoarcto-nemoral range [Marusik et al., 2000].

Pardosa cf. prosaica Chamberlin et Ivie, 1947

Styloctetor sp.
a13: 1m.

Pardosa sodalis Holm, 1970

c7: 2f, d7: 1f. DISTRIBUTION: This species is known from several localities in Yakutia [Marusik et al., 1993] two of which above the 70њN latitude. However two northernmost records may refer to sibling T. nigriceps (Kulczyсski, 1916). T. tolli is known east of Yenisey [Eskov, 1994] northeast to Chukotka and southward to Central Mongolia [Marusik & Logunov, 1999], Maritime Province of Russia and northern Sakhalin [Eskov, 1994].

Tmeticus tolli Kulczyсski, 1908

Pardosa tesquorum (Odenwall, 1901)

a6: 1m, a7: 1f. DISTRIBUTION: This species was known from more than 10 localities, some of which lie north of the 70њN

Lycosidae Alopecosa albostriata (Grube, 1861)


Spiders from Oymyakon, the cold pole of the northern hemisphere (Yakutia, Siberia) Pardosa tyshchenkoi Zyuzin & Marusik, 1989*

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DISTRIBUTION: Two localities only in Yakutia [Marusik et al., 1993]. It has NE Siberian hypoarctic range. d6: 1f, d7: 1f, d10: 2f. DISTRIBUTION: This species was reported at least from four places in Yakutia [Marusik et al., 1993]. It has Siberian boreal range [Marusik et al., 2000].

Logunov & Marusik, 2001]. The present record is northernmost in the whole range. a4: 1f. DISTRIBUTION: This species was known in Yakutia from three localities only [Marusik et al., 1993; Koponen et al., 2004]. It has East Palaearctic boreo-montane range [Logunov & Marusik, 2001]. c1: 1f. DISTRIBUTION: This species was reported from Yakutia from four localities [Marusik et al., 1993]. It has SiberioNearctic boreal range [Marusik et al., 2000; Logunov & Marusik, 2001].

Pirata praedo (Kulczyсski, 1885)

Pellenes limbatus Kulczyсski, 1895

a6: 3m, a7: 1m, c2: 3f. DISTRIBUTION: This is a most widespread philodromid species in Yakutia. It was reported from more than 15 localities, three of which are laying north of the 70њN latitude. P. alascensis has Siberio-American polyzonal range [Marusik et al., 2000]. a9: 5m, a10: 2mf, a11: 2m, a12: 2m 1f, c10: 1f. DISTRIBUTION: This species is known from more than 10 localities in Yakutia, few of which are north of the 70њN latitude [Marusik et al., 1993, 2002]. It has circum-Holarctic hypoarcto-boreal range [Marusik et al., 2000]. c2: 10juv, c12: 1f. DISTRIBUTION: This species is known from more than 10 localities in Yakutia, all of which are south of 69њN latitude [Marusik et al., 1993]. It has Siberio-west Nearctic hypoarcto-boreal range [Marusik et al., 2000]. c8: 1f. DISTRIBUTION: This species was known from four localities in Yakutia [Marusik et al., 1993; Koponen et al., 2004]. It has circum-Holarctic polyzonal range [Marusik et al., 2000].

Philodromidae Philodromus alascensis Keyserling, 1884

Sitticus cutleri Prуszyсski, 1980

Thanatus arcticus Thorell, 1872

c3: 1juv, c7: 1m, d6: 8mf. DISTRIBUTION: This species was known from several localities in Yakutia, some of which are north of 70њN [cf. Marusik et al., 1993, 2002]. It has circum-Holarctic polyzonal range [Marusik et al., 2000]. a2: 1f, d1: 1m, d3: juv. DISTRIBUTION: This is one of the most widespread spider species in Yakutia [cf. Marusik et al., 1993]. It has circum-Holarctic polyzonal range [Marusik et al., 2000].

Tetragnathidae Pachygnatha clercki Sundevall, 1823

Thanatus bungei (Kulczyсski, 1908)

Tetragnatha extensa (Linnaeus, 1758)

Thanatus striatus C.L.Koch, 1845

Thanatus tuvinensis Logunov, 1996
c6: 1f, c9: 1f. DISTRIBUTION: This species is new to the Yakutian fauna. It has Siberian boreal range and occurs from northern Tien-Shang, and Tuva to the upper Kolyma [Logunov, 1996]. The present record is northernmost in the whole range. DISTRIBUTION: Seven localities in Yakutia [Marusik et al., 1993; Koponen et al., 2004] of which only one is north of 65њN. It has Siberio-Nearctic boreal range [Marusik et al., 2000].
[Logunov, 1996: f. 182183, 234241]

a11: 1m, a13: 2mf, c11: 1m. DISTRIBUTION: This species is new to the Yakutian fauna. It has circum-Holarctic boreo-nemoral (steppe) range [Marusik et al., 2000]. DISTRIBUTION: About 10 localities in Yakutia, only one lies north of 65њN [Marusik et al., 1993]. It has Holarctic polyzonal range [Marusik et al., 2000]. a1: 1juv, a3: 1m, b1: 1f. DISTRIBUTION: This species is most widespread member of the family in Yakutia. It has trans-Palaearctic-northwest Nearctic polyzonal range [Marusik et al., 2000]. a3: 1m. DISTRIBUTION: This species was known from three localities in Yakutia [Marusik et al., 1993]. It has circumHolarctic boreal range [Marusik et al., 2000].

Theridiidae Euryopis saukea Levi, 1951

Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778)*

Theridion impressum L.Koch, 1881

Tibellus asiaticus Kulczyсski, 1908*

a4: 1m, c3: 1m. DISTRIBUTION: This species and subspecies has been known from two localities in northeastern Yakutia [Marusik et al., 1993]. It has northeast Siberio-northwest Nearctic hypoarcto-boreal range [Logunov & Marusik, 1999, 2001]. a8: 1f, c6: 1f. DISTRIBUTION: This species is new to the Yakutian fauna. It has Siberian steppe range [Marusik et al., 2000;

Salticidae Chalcoscirtus glacialis sibiricus Marusik, 1991

Theridion petraeum L.Koch, 1872

Pellenes gobiensis Schenkel, 1936

a5: 1m, c4: 1f, c12: 1f, d1: 1f, d2: 1f. DISTRIBUTION: This species is known from several localities in Yakutia, some of which lay north of the 70њN latitude [Marusik et al., 1993, 2002]. It has trans-Palaearctic hypoarcto-boreal range [Marusik, 2004].

Thomisidae Xysticus albidus Grese, 1909


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Yuri M. Marusik, Seppo Koponen & Nadezhda K. Potapova Xysticus baltistanus (Caporiacco, 1935) natus tuvinensis. A special group are xerothermic (or perhaps cold steppe) species, Haplodrassus pugnans, Micaria lentzi, Erigonoplus minaretifer, Philodromus alascensis, Chalcoscirtus glacialis sibiricus and Xysticus baltistanus. The most species-rich families in the present samples were Gnaphosidae (12 species or 21.8 %), Lycosidae (10 species, 18.2 %) and Linyphiidae (8 species, 14.5 %). These figures demonstrate that the collecting has been selective. The proportion of Linyphiidae in well-studied faunas at the same latitudes varies normally between 50 and 60 percentages [cf. Marusik et al., 2002].
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. This work was supported in part by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant # 04-04-48727), Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (grant # 04-03-A-06-042) and Academy of Finland (grant # 207667).

a9: 5m, a11: 1m, a12: 2mf, a13: 3m 1f. DISTRIBUTION: This species was known from at least five in localities in Yakutia [cf. Marusik et al., 1992, 2000; Koponen et al., 2004]. It has east Palaearctic polyzonal range [Marusik et al., 2000]. a11: 3m, a12: 2m, a13: 1m, c10: 2m, c11: 1m. DISTRIBUTION: This species was found in more than 10 localities in Yakutia [Marusik et al., 1993, 2002; Koponen et al., 2004], one of which north of 70њN latitude. It has Siberio-trans-Nearctic boreal range [Marusik et al., 2000]. a12: 1f. DISTRIBUTION: This species was found in more than 10 localities in Yakutia [Marusik et al., 1993; Koponen et al., 2004]. It has Siberio-trans-Nearctic boreo-nemoral range [Marusik et al., 2000]. a1: 1m, a9: 5m, a10: 1m, a12: 1m, a13: 3m, c4: 1m, c10: 1m, c11: 2m, c12: 1f, d8: 1m, d9: 1f. DISTRIBUTION: This species is known from more than 10 localities in Yakutia [Marusik et al., 1993]. It has SiberioManchurian boreal range [Marusik et al., 2000].

Xysticus britcheri Gertsch, 1934

Xysticus emertoni Keyserling, 1880

Xysticus vachoni Schenkel, 1963

References
Alfimov A.V. 1998. Using the data on climate continentality to estimate the heat supply of soil // Eurasian Soil Science. Vol.31. No.6. P.605608. Dondale C.D., Redner J.H. & Marusik Yu.M. 1997. Spiders (Araneae) of the Yukon // Danks H.V., Downes J.A. (eds.). Insects of the Yukon. Ottawa: Biological Survey of Canada. P.73113. Eskov K.Yu. 1994. Catalogue of linyphiid spiders of northern Asia (Arachnida, Araneae, Linyphiidae). Sofia-Moscow: PENSOFT Publ. 144 pp. [Handbook of the climate of the Soviet Union]. 1967. No.24. Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat [in Russian]. Koponen S., Marusik Yu.M. & Potapova N.K. 2004. Spiders (Araneae) from the Lena and Yana Rivers, Yakutia (Sakha Republic) // Entomol. Fennica (in press) Kronestedt T. 1986. Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). III. Redescriptions of Pardosa algens (Kulczyсski), P. septentrionalis (Westring), and P. sodalis Holm // Entomologica scand. Vol.17. P.215234. Leech R.E. 1972. A revision of the Nearctic Amaurobiidae (Arachnida: Araneida) // Mem. Ent. Soc. Canada Vol.84. P.1187. Logunov D.V. 1996. A critical review of the genera Apollophanes O.P.-Cambridge, 1898 and Thanatus C.L. Koch, 1837 in North Asia (Araneae, Philodromidae) // Revue Arachnol. T.11. Fasc.13. P.133202. Logunov D.V. & Marusik Yu.M. 1995. Spiders of the family Lycosidae (Aranei) from the Sokhondo Reserve (Chita Area, East Siberia) // Beitr. Araneol. Bd.4. P.109122. Logunov D.V. & Marusik Yu.M. 1999. A brief review of the genus Chalcoscirtus Bertkau, 1880 in the fauna of Central Asia and the Caucasus (Araneae, Salticidae) // Arthropoda Selecta Vol.7. No3. P.205226. Logunov D.V., Marusik Yu.M. 2001. Catalogue of the jumping spiders of northern Asia (Arachnida, Araneae, Salticidae). Moscow: KMK Scientific Press Ltd. 299 pp. Marusik Yu.M. 2004. Arachnids (Arachnida: Aranei, Opiliones) of northern Cisokhotia // Euroasian Entomol. J. (in press) Marusik Yu.M. & Koponen S. 2001. Description of a new species and new records of some species of the genus Gnaphosa (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) from east Palaearctic // Acta Arachnol. Vol.50. No.2. P.135144. Marusik Yu.M. & Koponen S. 2002. Diversity of spiders in boreal and arctic zones // J. Arachnol. Vol.30. No.2. P.205210. Marusik Yu.M. & Logunov D.V. 1999. On the spiders (Aranei) collected in Mongolia during a joint American-MongolianRussian expedition in 1997 // Arthropoda Selecta Vol.7. No.3. P.233254.

a4: 1m, a7: 8m, a8: DISTRIBUTION: localities in Yakutia Siberian boreal range

Titanoecidae Titanoeca sibirica L.Koch, 1879

2m, a9: 12m, a11: 4m, a12: 2m, c4: 1m. This species is known from several [Marusik et al., 1993]. It has trans[Marusik et al., 2000].

Conclusions
Although the spider fauna of the Oymyakon area has not been studied thoroughly, it is possibly to conclude that extremely low winter temperatures have no influence on the spider fauna. Contrary, extremely continental climate, and corresponding high ground temperature [cf. Alfimov, 1998] reaching 2600њ sum of positive mean daily temperatures (SPMD) allows surviving of several steppe species such as Zelotes baltistanus, Pellenes gobiensis, P. limbatus and Thanatus tuvinensis. The Oymyakon area is the northernmost locality for these steppe-dwelling species. All these steppe species are absent in northern Cisokhotia with much warmer winters and colder summers [14001600њ SPMD, Alfimov, 1998]. Three species, Euryopis saukea, Pellenes gobiensis and Thanatus tuvinensis, are found for the first time in Yakutia. Northern species, with mainly hypoarcto-boreal ranges, consist of about a third of the species found. Boreal or widely distributed species comprise also a third of the species. Some species have a mainly steppe range in Central and Eastern Palaearctic and they are reaching their northern limits here; these include Zelotes baltistanus, Pellenes gobiensis, P. limbatus and probably Tha-


Spiders from Oymyakon, the cold pole of the northern hemisphere (Yakutia, Siberia)
Marusik Yu.M., Eskov K. Yu., Koponen S. & Vinokurov N.N. 1993. A check-list of the spiders (Aranei) of Yakutia, Siberia // Arthropoda Selecta Vol.2. No.2. P.6379. Marusik Yu.M., Hippa H. & Koponen S. 1996. Spiders (Araneae) from the Altai area, Southern Siberia // Acta Zool. Fennica Vol.201. P.1145. Marusik Yu.M., Koponen S., Vinokurov N.N. & Nogovitsyna S.N. 2002. Spiders (Aranei) from northernmost forest-tundra of northeastern Yakutia (70њ35N, 134њ34E) with description of three new species // Arthropoda Selecta Vol.10 (for 2001). No.4. P.351370. Marusik Yu.M., Logunov D.V. & Koponen S. 2000. Spiders of Tuva, South Siberia. Magadan: IBPN FEB RAS. 252 pp. Mьller M.J. 1982. Selected climatic data for a global set of standard stations for vegetation science. The Hague: Dr W. Junk Publishers. 306 pp.

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