Äîêóìåíò âçÿò èç êýøà ïîèñêîâîé ìàøèíû. Àäðåñ îðèãèíàëüíîãî äîêóìåíòà : http://nuclphys.sinp.msu.ru/mirrors/1999_12b.pdf Äàòà èçìåíåíèÿ: Tue Jan 13 15:51:52 2009 Äàòà èíäåêñèðîâàíèÿ: Tue Oct 2 00:14:33 2012 Êîäèðîâêà: Windows-1251 Ïîèñêîâûå ñëîâà: m 106

MUON CATALYZED FUSION
B. M. KARNAKOV Physical problems connected with fusion are considered. Muon catalyzed fusion of hydrogen isotopes is discussed. Physical achievements in muon catalyzed fusion permit to solve the problems of energetic crisis on its basis. êÒÒÏÓÚ ÂÌœ ÙËÁË~ÂÒÍË ,ÓÔ ÓÒœ, Ò,flÁÌÌœÂ Ò ÛÒÎÓ,ËflÏË Ô ÓÚÂÍÌËfl ÂÍ^ËÈ fl ÌÓ,,Ó ÒËÌÚÂÁ ËÁ fl - ËÁÓÚÓÔÓ, ,ÓÓ Ó. éžÒÛÊÂÚÒfl ÏÂiÌËÁÏ ËÌË^ËË Ó,ÌËfl ÚÍÓ,,Ó ÒËÌÚÂÁ Ò ÔÓÏÓå ÏÓÌÓ,. îËÁË~ÂÒÍË ÓÒÚËÊÂÌËfl , ËÒÒÎÂÓ,ÌËË Ï-ÍÚÎËÁ ÔÓÁ,ÓÎflÚ ÌÂflÚåÒfl, ~ÚÓ , Ô ÒÔÂÍÚË,Â Ì Â,,Ó ÓÒÌÓ, ,ÓÁÏÓÊÌÓ Â?ÂÌËÂ Ô ÓžÎÂÏœ Ì ,,ÂÚË~ÂÒÍÓ,,Ó Í ËÁËÒ.


Å. å. äÄêçÄäéÇ
åÓÒÍÓ,ÒÍËÈ ,,ÓÒÛ ÒÚ,ÂÌÌœÈ ËÌÊÂÌ ÌÓ-ÙËÁË~ÂÒÍËÈ ËÌÒÚËÚÛÚ (ÚÂiÌË~ÂÒÍËÈ ÛÌË, ÒËÚÂÚ)

ÇÇÖÑÖçàÖ

[1], . , - d+t d+d d+d p+d
3 4

He + n + 17,6 ,
3

(1) (1) (1) (1)

He + n + 3,3 , t + p + 4,0 , He + + 5,5 .

p, n, d, t, He, , , , , -. , 1 = 106 (), 1 = 1,6 10-12 = 1,6 10-19 . ( ). . (, , ) . ( . [2]).
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¿ ä ÌÍÓ, Å.å., 1999

(1) R 4 10-13 ( - ). () . - U(r) = = e2 / r ( e = 4,8 10-10 . CGSE - , r - , U ). , .

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1 2 e2 1 2 = -- m + --- = -- m = const, 2 2 r

r > R .

(2)

, . m1 m2 (2) m = ------------------ - , - m1 + m2 , - , . (2) , , R ,


. . [3]. (4) . , 1 T 15 × × 106 K. (3), (5), , T 1 e- 400 2 × × 10-174. .
íìççÖãàêéÇÄçàÖ óÖêÖá äìãéçéÇëäàâ ÅÄêúÖê

e -7 ------ 6 10 0 ,4 . R

2

(3)

- : . . T0 , . , 3 , = -- kT . T - 2 ( ), k = 1,38 10-16 / ( ). 1 12 000 ( = 0,4 ) T0 3 109 K (4)

[1]. - . , , . U0 , . - - < U0 . , , . - , Ze Z 100; ~ R 10-12 . - ~ > 2(Z - 2)e2/ R 30 . 2 Z - 2 - , -, . - ( ). . - ( 2 < 0).
1

( , . ). T T0 . > T0 . , T . (T ) ( - ) e- / kT, . , ( T ) 0 exp - -------- . kT (5)

. -

, , () "".

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63


( ) 2 e U ( r ) = --- r w


D



2e 2e ( ) = ---------- exp ---------- - 1
2 2

-1

.

(6)

= 1,05 10- 27 - . - . (6) 1 , , D() . . , 2e2 / , D 0,6. : D ( ) -------- e
- ---------

. , , , . , . . , () - ( / + + 2 / 2
2

) .


, 3 '(0) = 0, (0) = - -- ( / )2/3 2 (8) ( kT / m ) : w 3 3 D ( T ) exp - -- ---------- = 2 27 2 me 4 3 = exp - -------------------- . 2 kT 2
1 -2 --

0 = (



1/3 2

)



1,







.

(7)



, (7). , T T0 ( ) . , . . . w (T ) exp {- / kT } (. (5)). D() (. (6)). , dw M = Ae
m - ---------2 kT
2

(9)

- , (5) (9). (1a) : ) 400 exp - -------------------- , T [] ) 20 exp - -------------------------- T 1 / 3 [] (10) (10)

d ,
3

m A = ------------ 2 kT

3/2

.

(7)




( ; (10) , dt- m 1,2mp , mp = 1,67 10- 24 - ). (10) , T 10 108 .
åûéç äÄä äÄíÄãàáÄíéê êÖÄäñàâ üÑÖêçéÉé ëàçíÖáÄ

D



( ) dw M . T

T0

D



(T ) = 4A e
0



- ---------

e

m - ---------2 kT

2





d .

(8)

- , , , .

64

ëéêéëéÇëäàâ éÅêÄáéÇÄíÖãúçõâ ÜìêçÄã, <12, 1999


, m÷ 207me , ÷ 2,2 10- 6 . , (, H + - 2 d t). , m÷ / me 200 . , () , a = 2 /(mee2) 0,53 10- 8 (me = 9,1 10- 28 - ). , H + 2 Le 2a 10- 8 . , . (pd÷ , dd÷ , dt÷ .) L÷ 2 2 /(m÷e2) 5 10-11 . ÷- - - . , - d t, (d÷ , t÷), . (1). ( ) . .
äàçÖíàäÄ m-äÄíÄãàáÄ ëÍÓ ÓÒÚå fl ÌÓ,,Ó ÒËÌÚÂÁ , ÏÂÁÓÏÓÎÂÍÛÎfl ÌÓÏ ËÓÌÂ

). , , ( , ). , . . 2 1 / w , w - . , w = = Nw , w - (. (6)), N = = 1/ T - , T - . ( ) = 2 / T .






me ----- , m

me e = ---------- , 3

4

(11)

- 3, m - . (11) me m÷ , ,


m 2 ----------4 ----- D m÷ e m÷

3

-1

().

(12)

1. . () ( ). . ( 1 , .

. , , ( Ze) 0 = - m÷(Ze2)2 /(2 2) - 2,8Z 2 ( ; ). , ( ) 300 , - 3,1 . , , , "" , Z = 2. , , -11,3 . r 8 ,
2

, 1. dt-, . - (12) , , ÷ , . 3 . , En = - /(2n2), n = = 1, 2, ...

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65


-. = 2 r / m . , r m÷ , m ÷ . (12) dt÷-. T 7 10-17 , D ( 2e2 /( . (6)) dt 10-12 . , 5 10- 5 ) 12,5, -

, (13). - (1) , ÷- .
ëÍÓ ÓÒÚå Óž ÁÓ,ÌËfl ÏÂÁÓÏÓÎÂÍÛÎfl ÌÓ,,Ó ËÓÌ

dt ÷ . , , , . dd÷-. . , dt÷- -12,5. 1 / m ÷ , -1. m÷ me , m ÷ / m e 14 -180. , , , .
"éÚ ,ÎÂÌËÂ" ÍÚÎËÁÚÓ

[5]. . , dt÷- 0,66 (. 300 ). dt÷- , . . N , dt÷-, - N 1/ w 100. N 100-150 ( ).
ùçÖêÉÖíàäÄ m-äÄíÄãàáÄ

- (1), (1). ÷He, . ÷-, . - (. [4]) w


m ÷ He 1 + ---------------- 4 m He ÷

-4

(13)

(mHe , He - , ÷ = 11,3 - ). n (1) dt He = 3,52 , m 7300me (13) w dt 0,01. (1) dd÷- 3He , w 0,1. , 3He (1) , - (1), - .

, 100 dt n4He (1). 2000 . ( ) m÷c2 100 , , . , , - ( ). . , (1) n 14 . 238U ( ), - , " 1 n + 238U " + 200 , - 239Pu 239 Pu ( n + 238U ). ,
1 [2].

66

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( ) 100 . . [5]. ÷-, . .
ãàíÖêÄíìêÄ
1. .. . .: . , 1984. 352 .

2. .. // . 1997. 1. . 73-78. 3. .. . .: , 1985. 192 . (- ""; . 37). 4. .., .., .. . .: , 1992. 880 . 5. .., .., .. // . 1990. . 160, . 8. . 3-46.

*** , , . - , . 75 .

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67