Документ взят из кэша поисковой машины. Адрес оригинального документа : http://oit.cmc.msu.ru/mysql/mysql-for-dummies Дата изменения: Mon Aug 17 12:25:32 1998 Дата индексирования: Mon Oct 1 20:52:05 2012 Кодировка: Поисковые слова: sweden

===============================================================================
installing/mysql/binary Fri Jul 17 13:03:03 1998 has
===============================================================================

MySQL for dummies - Part 1
How to get the binary distribution running on a UNIX system

MySQL is a trademark of TcX, Sweden.

===============================================================================

Introduction:

This is a simple cookbook for the helpless newbie taking his very first steps
with MySQL, when he needs a few hints about the options and access rights
installing the system and starting the basic modules, before he has "aha"ed
on how simple and clean the basic structure of MySQL is. It will not help
you with the intricacies and subtle possibilities of SQL as implemented in
MySQL.

The information in this document is all contained in the MySQL manual in a
more or less obvious form, but for the newbie that document is a bit over-
whelming in size, and it contains some new concepts that take some getting
used to. Sorry if it is pitched too low for some readers. It is only
intended to get the binary distribution up and running.

I successfully got MySQL going on both a Sun SparcStation 1 running SunOS 4.1.2
and 2 Linux systems running SuSE release 5.0, one with kernel version 2.0.30,
one with 2.0.33 by doing exactly what is given here. If it doesn't work
for you, I suggest the problem is with your system and not with the
MySQL binary distribution.

-- Howard Schultens hs@neuro-physiol.med.uni-goettingen.de

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Nomenclature:

In the following, 'MySQL' refers to the entire database system distributed
and licensed by TcX. 'mysql' means a specific program in this system.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

MySQL user administration and access rights ("privileges"):

It is obvious that MySQL needs its own user management because it is a system
that is implemented on a number of architectures -- you should be able to use
it in an identical way on different operating systems. The MySQL user names
and passwords have basically nothing at all to do with user names and
passwords on whatever operating system you install it on. You will,
unfortunately, have to install your users again on MySQL. But this system has
some big advantages: it is a secure system that allows you to finely
differentiate access rights based on WHO is using a database from WHERE. It
does this by the use of its own database containing 3 tables "user" for the
user names, "db" for the databases, and "host" for the machines that access
databases. "user" and "db" are the most important for the newbie.

Section 6 of the manual describes all this in detail.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Doing it:

In the following, "foo>" denotes the prompt from your system in user mode,
"foo#" as root/superuser.


1) Get the appropriate binary distribution from a mirror site or directly
from TcX at URL http://www.tcx.se. The file name has the form
mysql-VERSION-SYSTEM.tgz

VERSION = Version number, e.g. 3.21.33
SYSTEM = OS and architecture, e.g. sunos4.1.4-sparc

i.e., you would download a file mysql-3.21.33-sunos4.1.4-sparc.tgz.

This example is for SunOS, but it works exactly analogously on Linux.

2) cd to /usr/local and unpack this with, e.g. the command

foo#gzip -c -d mysql-VERSION-SYSTEM.tgz|tar xvf -

3) The files are stored in a directory /usr/local/mysql-VERSION-SYSTEM
Make a symbolic link to this directory:

foo#ln -s mysql-VERSION-SYSTEM mysql

At this point, you might want to create a special user for all your
MySQL stuff. I use "mysql". Then you could do

foo#chown -R mysql mysql-VERSION-SYSTEM

4) FIRST, take care of all the PERL stuff:

o) You need PERL 5.004 or later already installed on your system. Take
care of this first if necessary.

a) cd to /usr/local/mysql/perl/DBI and do
foo#perl Makefile.PL
foo#make
foo#make test
foo#make install (if "make test" is successful)

b) cd to /usr/local/mysql/perl/Mysql/modules and do
foo#perl Makefile.PL
foo#make
foo#make test
foo#make install (if "make test" is successful)

c) As an option, you can install Data::ShowTable, but this is not absolutely
necessary for mysql. Get the PERL module Data-ShowTable-VER.tar.gz
(VER = version, eg. 3.3) from a CPAN mirror: I got mine at

ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/modules/by-category/06_Data_Type_Utilities/Data/Data-ShowTable-3.3.tar.gz

(You should be able to replace "ftp.gwdg.de" by the name of another
FTP mirror)

Put this into /usr/local/mysql/perl and unpack it.
You get a directory 'Data-ShowTable-VER'. cd into there and
(as root/superuser)
foo#perl Makefile.PL
foo#make
foo#make test
foo#make install (if "make test" is successful)

5) cd to /usr/local/mysql and do
foo#scripts/mysql_install_db

you should be in /usr/local/mysql when you start the script.

==>*NOTE* you might want to edit this script before you run it the first
time. See method 9b) below.

If this is successful, one or more copies of the mysql daemon, mysqld,
will be running. On SunOS 4.1.x, you get one. On Linux, 3 are running.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In the rest of this, I will always suppose you are starting in the directory
/usr/local/mysql, even if it seems mildly inconvenient
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6) You can now select the database 'test' and mess around with it using
the client program bin/mysql: start it with

foo>bin/mysql -u root test

This says, "start up the MySQL command-line client with the user name
'root' and use the database named 'test', which is a subdirectory in
'/usr/local/mysql/data". (n.b. this is NOT the root user of your UNIX
system, it is a MySQL user with the same name. You will notice that you
don't need a password for this user to use mysql).

Actually, the way the system is set up by bin/mysql_install_db, you
don't even need a user name to access the database 'test'. You can start
the client simply with

foo>bin/mysql test

'mysql' should start up with a greeting and a line telling you what your
connection id and server version is. At this point, the database 'test'
is empty, no tables or anything are defined.

When you issue SQL commands, DON'T FORGET THE FINAL SEMICOLON, or mysql acts
dumb:

mysql>select * from user
->
->

and you wonder what's going on. 'mysql' reminds you of this on startup.

7) When you want to close down the server, do
foo>bin/mysqladmin shutdown

8) I recommend editing the script bin/safe_mysqld for the binary release
so that it always starts up with the correct directories. I replaced
the entire header up to but not including

pidfile=$DATADIR/`/bin/hostname`.pid
log=$DATADIR/`/bin/hostname`.log
err=$DATADIR/`/bin/hostname`.err

with

MY_BASEDIR_VERSION=/usr/local/mysql
DATADIR=$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION/data
ledir=$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION/bin
cd $MY_BASEDIR_VERSION

This lets you start the mysql daemon from wherever you like.

9) Now let's say you want to put some of your own databases and users into
the system. The simplest, most powerful, and dangerous way to do this is
to start up the mysql daemon again with:

foo>bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data -Sg

This skips loading the grant tables. The system is open to every kind of
mistake now, so be careful. Any user can muck up the grant tables, ie.
the lists of users, hosts, and databases themselves, so only use this
mode to do these first, very basic things.

Start the client again now, with
foo>bin/mysql mysql

This tells the client to use the database 'mysql', which is the directory
that contains the lists (ie. the tables) of all the users, hosts, and
databases in the system, so be careful!!!!!!!!!!!!

All of what follows is taken essentially from section 6 of the manual.

a) For the start, just define a couple of users for the MySQL system:
i) an administrator, such as 'mysql', with its own password, that
can do everything with the system:

mysql> insert into user values('localhost','mysql',password('xyzzy'),
'Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y');

* For some reason, on my Linux system with a German keyboard, I have *
* to use the acute accent instead of the apostrophe, otherwise I get *
* parse errors. *

This defines the user name 'mysql' with password 'xyzzy' that can
do everything. To look at what you just did, type in

mysql> select * from user;

mysql types out a table with all the known users and their privileges.

ii) a privileged user for playing around:

mysql> insert into user values('localhost','john',password('blah0x1'),
'Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y');

iii) create your own database for a todo list, phone numbers, whatever:

mysql> create database johns_DB;
mysql> insert into db values('localhost','johns_DB','john','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y');

The first line creates the databse "johns_DB", but that doesn't
make it visible to mysql. The second line does that.

iv) When you are done installing users and databases, quit mysql and
issue the command

foo>bin/mysqladmin reload

b) Another method to do this was suggested by Sinisa Milivojevic, and that
is to edit the script /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db to
define the databases and install the more important users when you
start the system the very first time. This would have the advantage
that you can save the script and re-install the system with it if you
have to, automatically defining the important structures. It requires
a little more knowledge of the MySQL system to do this.

You might want to use this method anyway since it saves editing
mysql_install_db to have it install a superuser with a name other
than "root". The places to change are easy to find. You can, of
course, use the first method above and remove the user named 'root'
when you are done.


===============================================================================

If anyone is interested enough in this document to make suggestions on how
to improve it, I would be glad to get emails on it. I hope it helps
someone get going with MySQL a little easier.

--Howard
hs@neuro-physiol.med.uni-goettingen.de