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PEER INSTRUCTION for INTRODUCTORY ASTRONOMY http://hea-www.harvard.edu/~ pgreen/educ/PI.html
Paul J. Green pgreen@cfa.harvard.edu for Cosmos in the Classroom Conference 2004

IMPLEMENTING PEER INSTRUCTION Lecture briefly in standard format on one of the fundamental concepts to be covered. Present a ConcepTest: a short multiple-choice question tests students' understanding. If 30 - 70% choose correctly, students form small groups. A quick tally decides - stay on this concept, or move on? BENEFITS OF PEER INSTRUCTION Provides real-time student/instructor feedback. Emphasizes conceptual over rote learning. Enhances student involvement in the learning (and scientific) process. Students hear and provide explanations in their own terms. Provides student self-gauging. Engages student ego and attention. 2 minutes for discussion, then new answers are recorded. After 1 minute, the students answer individually.

Unearths/Challenges pre/misconceptions.


IMPLEMENTATION HINTS First class: gauge student background and prior knowledge. Prepare them for conceptual class mode. So students come prepared: Reading quizzes encourage students to read before class, and minimize definitions and factoids. See/modify a simple webform example at http://hea-www.harvard.edu/~ pgreen/educ/RQexamp.html Voting methods: Use a technique that is rapid, easy to visualize, and discourages herd voting: · thumbs ­ up, down, left, right for A, B, C, D (hard to see, though) · colored flashcards ­ free! easy! download or print from http://hea-www.harvard.edu/~ pgreen/educ/PI.html · electronic voting systems ­ expensive, but many advantages! see reviews at http://www.psy.gla.ac.uk/~ steve/ilig/tech.html Walk around: Listen to student discussions to unearth pre/misconceptions, to encourage participation, and to glean good distractors for future ConcepTests Use grades: To add motivation, on occasion you can collect individual and/or group answers to ConcepTests posed in class. This encourages individual accountability as well as group participation.


ASTRONOMY CONCEPTEST DATABASE http://hea-www.harvard.edu/~ pgreen/educ/ConcepTests.html

Currently On-Line: Dozens of instructor/collaborators have already contributed to a database of ConcepTest questions that continues to grow. adding 2 good conceptual questions (or reviewing 10) makes you a collaborator 500 ConcepTest questions now on-line, organized by topic 100 more ConcepTests written or submitted; help review and edit! www Access Limitation - increases the database - prevents student access - increases instructor participation - facilitates evaluation, attribution, and modification Get the Book !! Peer Instruction for Introductory Astronomy - Prentice-Hall 2002 paperback - now available on amazon.com, prenhal l.com - technique description, classroom recipes, and ConcepTest library - includes CDROM with individual PDFs/Word docs for easy searching, printing, or pro jecting


A HANDFUL OF REFERENCES for Peer Instruction and ConcepTests Paul J. Green pgreen@cfa.harvard.edu

· Peer Instruction for Astronomy HomePage: http://hea-www.harvard.edu/~ pgreen/educ/PI.html and Astronomy ConcepTest Database http://hea-www.harvard.edu/~ pgreen/educ/ConcepTests.html · Eric Mazur's Physics Peer Instruction HomePage: http://galileo.harvard.edu · Classroom Assessment Techniques http://www.flaguide.org/ · The Astronomy Diagnostic Test http://solar.physics.montana.edu/aae/adt/ · National Institute for Science Education http://www.wcer.wisc.edu/nise/cl1/CL/default.asp · Astronomy Education Review http://aer.noao.edu/ PUBLICATIONS: · Zeilik, M. et al. 1997, "Conceptual Astronomy: A novel model for teaching postsecondary science courses", Am. J. Phys., 65, 987 · P. M. Sadler 1992, "The initial knowledge state of high school astronomy students", Dissertation, Graduate School of Education, Harvard University · Hake, R. 1998, "Interactive-engagement vs traditional methods: A 6000 student survey of mechanics test data for introductory physics courses," Am. J. Phys., 66, 64. See also http://physics.indiana.edu/~ hake Peer Instruction has extensive documented success in Intro Physics!