Äîêóìåíò âçÿò èç êýøà ïîèñêîâîé ìàøèíû. Àäðåñ îðèãèíàëüíîãî äîêóìåíòà : http://hea.iki.rssi.ru/conf/hea2010/Presentations/23/Balashev.pdf Äàòà èçìåíåíèÿ: Wed Jan 26 13:25:08 2011 Äàòà èíäåêñèðîâàíèÿ: Tue Oct 2 00:49:39 2012 Êîäèðîâêà: Ïîèñêîâûå ñëîâà: m 5

: µ = mp /me
C..
1,2

, .. 1,2 .. . 3

1,2

,

1 2 3

- . .. - Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, Paris, France

23 2010

, 2010




():
· , 1937 G t
-1

· 1948, 1967 t

(/- .) . , . e " " . . .

.,

µ/µ z

2/18



µ = mp /me . :

· · () ·
z
9 3 10

.
-1 -2 -6

refs

BBN CMBR QSO Galaxy

10 10

10 10 yrs) 10
-5

Kolb et al.(1986) Landau et al.(2010) Murphy et al.(2009), Ivanchik et al. (2005) Levshakov et al. (2010)

1-4 ( 10

 10

0 (< 106 yrs)

2 â 10

-8

Lab Oklo

0 (1-10 yrs) 2 â 109 yrs

10

- 16 -8

Rosenband et al. (2008) Onegin et al. (2010)

10

.,

µ/µ z

3/18




MMM FeI I AD (SiIV) AD ([OI I I]) µ H2

. (10

-5

)

Murphy et al. (2003) Srianand et al. (2004) Quast et al. (2004), Levshakov et al. (2005) Chand et al. (2005) Bahcall et al. (2004) Ivanchik et al. (2005), Reinhold et al. (2006) King et al. (2008) Thompson (2009) Noterdaeme et al. (2008) Flambaum & Kozlov (2007), Murphy et al. (2008)

- 0. 54 ± 0. 12 < 0. 30 < 0. 45 < 1. 3 < 42 < 2. 1 < 0. 6 < 1. 5 <9 < 0. 27

HD NH3 gp (2 /µ)

21cm OH NH3 CO, HCO+

< < < <

1 4 5 1

. . . .

0 0 0 0

Srianand et al. (2009) Kanekar et al. (2005) Flambaum & Kozlov (2007) Wiklind & Comb es (1997)

.,

µ/µ z

4/18


""
Murphy et al. (2003) KECK: Murphy et al. (2008) VLT: / = -0.54 ± 0.12 â 10- / = -0.64 ± 0.36 â 10-
5 5

Webb et al., 2010, arXiv:1008.3907:

/ = A cos + m
A = (0.97 ± 0.21) â 10-5 , m = (-0.18 ± 0.08) â 10-5

Keck VLT

.,

µ/µ z

5/18


""
:

Murphy et al. (2008)

· . · . · ?
., µ/µ z 6/18




(H2 HD) :
· ­ 1-2 (

6 km/s)
· H2 .

(T100 K, l 1 pc).
· . · ( 80 . ).

21 H2 . µ .

.,

µ/µ z

7/18



7 : QSO za
bs

.

status

Previous

Q 0405-4418 Q 0347-3819 Q 0528-2505 Q 1232+0815 Q 0642-5038 Q 0027-1836 Q 0812+3208

2.595 3.025 2.811 2.338 2.659 2.402 2.626

VLT VLT VLT VLT VLT VLT KECK

reanalysed reanalysed reanalysed reanalysed new new new

( 0 .7 ± 0 .8 ) â 1 0 ( 1 .5 ± 1 .5 ) â 1 0 (0.3 ± 0.3) â 10

-5

-5

-5

(13.2 ± 7.4) â 10

-5

.,

µ/µ z

8/18


H2

QSO1232+082:
R ~ 50 000 S/N ~ 20 - 40 Exp. ~ 12 hr

Ly-

,z

em

= 2.57

M etals

5 4 3
HD, H

DL

: log(HI) = 20.9
z = 2.33771

abs

2 1 0

2

(log(H ) = 19.7)
2

3600

3800

4000
,å

4200

4400

.,

µ/µ z

9/18



L1-0
R(0) R(1) P (1) R(2) P (2) R(3) P (3) R(4)

1.0

0.5

0.0 3960 R(0) R(1) P (1) R(2) 3970 P (2) 3980 P (3) 3990

H2 , , J 5.
L2-0
R(3) R(4)

1.0

20
T
01

=48

+2 -2

K

0.5

18
3900 R(0) R(1) 3910 P (1) R(2) 3920 P (2) 3930 P (3)

l og(N / g )

0.0

J

16

1.0

L3-0

R(3)

R(4)

J

0.5

14

0.0 3850 R(0) R(1) 3860 P (1) R(2) 3870 P (2) 3880 P (3)

12
R(4)

0

400
J

800
-1

1200

1.0

L4-0

R(3)

E , cm

0.5

0.0 3800 3810 3820 3830

1.0

L8-0

, . J

W0-0

0.5

0.0 3630 3640 3650 3660

.,

µ/µ z

10/18


.
Q 0027-1836, H2 , J=2:
1.0

0.5

0.0 3722.3 1.0

L1-0R(2)
3722.6 3678.1

L2-0P(2)
3678.4 3671.2

L2-0R(2)
3671.5 3629.3

L3-0P(2)
3629.6 3622.8

L3-0R(2)
3623.1

0.5

0.0 3533.3 1.0

L5-0R(2)
3533.6 3457.7

L7-0P(2)
3458.0 3452.6

L7-0R(2)
3452.9 3360.8

W1-0Q(2)
3361.1 3354.9

W1-0R(2)
3355.2

0.5

0.0 3350.2 1.0

L10-0P(2)
3350.5 3345.9

L10-0R(2)
3346.2 3317.8

L11-0P(2)
3318.1 3290.4

W2-0Q(2)
3290.7 3287.0

L12-0P(2)
3287.3

0.5

0.0 3257.6

L13-0P(2)
3257.9 3254.0

L13-0R(2)
3254.3 3174.6

L16-0R(2)
3174.9

Wavelenght, A

.,

µ/µ z

11/18


.
Q 0027-1836, H2 , J=2:
1.0

0.5

0.0 3722.3 1.0

L1-0R(2)
3722.6 3678.1

L2-0P(2)
3678.4 3671.2

L2-0R(2)
3671.5 3629.3

L3-0P(2)
3629.6 3622.8

L3-0R(2)
3623.1

0.5

0.0 3533.3 1.0

L5-0R(2)
3533.6 3457.7

L7-0P(2)
3458.0 3452.6

L7-0R(2)
3452.9 3360.8

W1-0Q(2)
3361.1 3354.9

W1-0R(2)
3355.2

0.5

0.0 3350.2 1.0

L10-0P(2)
3350.5 3345.9

L10-0R(2)
3346.2 3317.8

L11-0P(2)
3318.1 3290.4

W2-0Q(2)
3290.7 3287.0

L12-0P(2)
3287.3

0.5

obs
0.0 3257.6

/

obs

=K

i

L13-0P(2)
3257.9 3254.0

L13-0R(2)
3254.3 3174.6

L16-0R(2)
3174.9

Wavelenght, A

.,

µ/µ z

12/18


.
7 . = 30 .
25
2 min

= 6.0

20

15

-5

) ( 10
10 5 0

-0.06 ± 0.51
-5

-10 0.8 1.0
2 min

1.2

1.4

1.6

.,

µ/µ z

13/18



· J · · ·
Keck HIRES: v = 500 m/s , Griest K. et al., ApJ, 2010 VLT UVES: v = 200 m/s , Whitmore J.B. et al., ApJ, 2010 -
5

· µ/µ < 1 â 10-
1.0

1 .0

0.5

0 .5

0.0 -10 -5 0
v, km/s

0 .0
5 10

-15

-10

-5

0
v, km/s

5

10

15

.,

µ/µ z

14/18


.
:
25
2 min

= 6.0

20

15

-5

) ( 10
10 5 0

-0.06 ± 0.51
-5

-10 0.8 1.0 1.2
2 min

1.4

1.6

1.8

.,

µ/µ z

15/18


.
:
25
2 min

= 1.8

20

15

-5

) ( 10
10 5

(0.55 ± 0.65)
0

10

-5

-5

-10 0.8 1.0 1.2
2 min

1.4

1.6

1.8

.,

µ/µ z

16/18


.

Q0347, Q1232 Q0347

Ivanchik et al. 2002 Levshakov et al. 2002 Ivanchik et al. 2003 Ivanchik et al. 2005

Q0347

Q0347, Q0405

Q0347, Q0405

Reinhold et al. 2006

Q0347

Wendt & Reimers 2008

Q0347, Q0405

Ubachs & Reimers 2008

Q0347, Q0405

Thompson et al. 2009

Q0347, Q0405, Q0528

King et al. 2009

J2123 Q0347

Malec et al. 2010

Wendt & Molaro 2010

seven QSO

Our result

-10

-5

0
( 10 )
-5

5

10

.,

µ/µ z

17/18




·

7 µ = mp /me . . µ H2 .
· µ

. , .
· µ/µ = (0.55 ± 0.65) â 10

­ µ, H2 .

-5

.,

µ/µ z

18/18


.
VLT KECK.
6
2 min

= 4.6

4

Q 1232

)

-5

2

10

Q 0405 Q 0027 Q 0528 Q 0643 Q0347

(

0

-2

-0.67 ± 0.78
Q 0812

-4

2.3

2.5

2.7

2.9

3.1

z, redshift

.,

µ/µ z

19/18


.
VLT KECK.
6
2 min

= 4.6

4

Q 1232

VLT

)

-5

2

10

Q 0405 Q 0027 Q 0528 Q 0643 Q0347

(

0

-2

-0.67 ± 0.78
Q 0812

KECK
-4

2.3

2.5

2.7

2.9

3.1

z, redshift

.,

µ/µ z

20/18


.
VLT KECK.
6
2 min

= 0.5

4

Q 1232

)

-5

2

10

Q 0405 Q 0027

0.69 ± 0.32
Q 0528

(

0

Q 0643 Q0347

-2

-4

2.3

2.5

2.7

2.9

3.1

z, redshift

.,

µ/µ z

21/18




20

15

10
-5

10

)

5

(

0

-5

-1 0

0.20 ± 0.71

0

1

2

3

4

5

rotational level, J

, , H2 .
., µ/µ z 22/18


µ.
µ:

· Reduced Redshift -

, µ/µ vs Ki .

Ivanchik et al. (2005)

· Profile Fitting -

. 2-3 .

.,

µ/µ z

23/18


.
VLT KECK. Keck HIRES: v = 500 m/s , Griest K. et al., ApJ, 2010. VLT UVES: v = 200 m/s , Whitmore J.B. et al., ApJ, 2010.

Whitmore J.B. et al., ApJ, 2010

.,

µ/µ z

24/18


.
.
1.0

1 .0

0.5

0 .5

0.0 -10 -5 0
v, km/s

0 .0
5 10

-15

-10

-5

0
v, km/s

5

10

15

1.0
0.1
Lyman Lyman Werner

0.01

In t e n s i t y
-0.02 -0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02
Ki

f

0.5

1E-3

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

-10

-5
v, km/s

0

5

: µ/µ 1 â 10
.,

-5

.
25/18

µ/µ z