Äîêóìåíò âçÿò èç êýøà ïîèñêîâîé ìàøèíû. Àäðåñ îðèãèíàëüíîãî äîêóìåíòà : http://solarwind.cosmos.ru/pdf/rep2010.pdf Äàòà èçìåíåíèÿ: Wed Feb 9 15:14:21 2011 Äàòà èíäåêñèðîâàíèÿ: Mon Oct 1 19:59:49 2012 Êîäèðîâêà: Ïîèñêîâûå ñëîâà: íåâîîðóæåííûì ãëàçîì

«» - __________ .. « » 2011 .

2010.

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( )

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« » (-15) 9 , 2- ( ), (), () ( / ). (. 1) , ( ) . (. 2), , . " " : , , . , , . 6 , 40 (. 3 http://solarwind.cosmos.ru/), . 1. , .. , .. 2. , .. 3. , .. 4. , .. 5. , .. 6. , .. 2010 . 216 , ­ 58, ­ 63, ­ 53, ­ 40 , 100 . .


2010 (2006-2008) , , , . . .

1.
1.1.

2


1.1.1. (, ). () () (). . () STEREOA, STEREO-B, ACE SOHO 2007 . 2008 . , , . , . , 5° 2007 STEREO-A STEREO-B, 20 / . , . STEREO-B .
.. , ... 23- , . 48, 1, .33-42, 2010

1.1.2. ­ () (Parker E.N. ApJSS, 1963, 77, 177), . , , , . « » , , ­ . (~100 ) , .
.., .., ­ // « - 2010», 3­9 2010 ., , . 445-448.

1.1.3. () KPVT 19752002 . SOHO/MDI 1996-2009 . . , 50-60o . , , ,
3


. , . , ( ) ­ . (.1).

.1. ( ) (). Tlatov, A. G.; Vasil'eva, V V.; Pevtsov, A A., Distribution of Magnetic Bipoles on the Sun over Three Solar Cycles, The Astrophysical Journal, 717, pp. 357-362, 2010.

1.1.4. () 130 K- 3 . , 11- . 20- . 19 21- . , . 1. . .

. 1. "" 1878-2008 . . 4


Tlatov, A. G. The Non-radial Propagation of Coronal Streamers within a Solar Cycle, The Astrophysical Journal, 714, pp. 805-809, 2010 Tlatov A. G., The centenary variations in the solar corona shape in accordance with the observations during the minimal activity epoch, Astronomy and Astrophysics; V.522, A27, 2010. Tlatov, A. G.; Vasil'eva, V. V. The non-radial propagation of coronal streamers in minimum activity epoch, Solar and Stellar Variability: Impact on Earth and Planets, Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union, IAU Symposium, V. 264, p. 292-294, 2010

1.1.5. - () - (1956) , , , . . -, , . () .1 2, 3 . , « » , , , - B , Oz .

.1. , ( A = const ) Bz Br -. (fff), b = d = f = 0 ,

. 2. q0 ,1 R1 = 6.988 (24), = C2 C1 : 1 =-2 ( a), 2 = - 7 (b), 3 = - 500 (c ) . 5


.3. q0 ,3 R3 = 10.4171 1 = 7 ( a), 2 = 70 (b), 3 = 300 (c)

, - . 1.1.6. - () : 1. : , ; 2. , , [5], () , ; 3. , , , .

. 1. - , ­ .

2. , , . 2- (, ) () : ( r , z )( 0 ( z )) -1 . 6


z, . (1 ) (25 ). ­ 50 000 . (>3 ) ( .1), . . , 2 , 20 (1 ) . , , . , 1.5 , . , .
1.1.5. 1.1.6. 1. Efremov V.I., Parfinenko L.D. Solov'ev A.A. Solar Phys. 267. 273-293 (2010) 2. .. . , . 87, 1. . 93-102. (2010) 3. A.A. Solov'ev and E.A. Kirichek. Twisted magnetic tubes (ropes) and coronal mass ejections. International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) Proceedings of 2-nd Symposium "Solar Wind-Space Environment Interaction". December 4-8, 2009, Cairo, Egypt - L. Dame and A. Hady (eds). Cairo University Press, pp. 27-32 (2010). 4. .. . 39- « » 1-5 2010 . - , ,.149-150. (2010). 4. .., .. . // . 4. . ­ -., . .. .. 95-100. (2010) 5. .., .. . // . 4. . ­., . .. .. .100-105. (2010) 7. .. () e . 13- . , 3-8 , 399-404. (2010) 8. .., .. , 13- . , 3-8 , , 405-408. (2010) 9. .., .. , 13- . , 3-8 , 409. ( 2010), 10. .., .., .. . 13 . , 3-8 , .249-252 (2010)

1.1.7. () .. , D >> 1 , G >> 1 (. 1). . «» D «» G . - «» G , , . ,

7


: 0 < G << 1 , | 1 / G |<< 1 G - 1 .

. 1: . «» () «» (). ,

1). 0 < G << 1 , , , . , -. 1 / G << 1 . G 1 . 2). | 1 / G |<< 1 , , . , . 3). G - 1 , , . . G M , .
.. , // «XII - », . , 19- 23 2010 ( ). .. // Proc. of the 9th International Workshop on Magneto-Plasma Aerodynamics, April 13-15, 2010, Joint Institute of High Temperatures RAS, Moscow, Russia. .., .. , . // Proc. of the 8th International Workshop on Magneto-Plasma Aerodynamics, March 31--April 2, 2009, Joint Institute of High Temperatures RAS, Moscow, Russia, pp. 100-103. Gubchenko V.M. Planetary magnetospheres formed by fl ows of hot collisionless dense plasma and kinetic plasma parameters governing topology reconfiguration // EPSC Abstracts. 2010. V. 5, EPSC2010-656 (European Planetary Science Congress 2010, Roma, Italy, 19-25 September 2010). 8


1.1.8. () 3.495-4.220, -, 19 ( 2002-2003 .), , - .

.1. , - J.Sylwester, B.Syl wester, J. H.Phillips, V.D.Kuznetsov. Highly Ionized Potassium Lines in Solar X-ray Spectra and the Abundance of Potassium. Astrophys. J.,710, 804-809, 2010. doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/710/1/804 K.J.H.Phillips, J.Sylwester, B.Syl wester, V.D.Kuznetsov. The solar X-ray continuum measured by RESIK. Astrophys. J., 711, Issue 1, pp. 179-184, 2010. DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/711/1/179 J.Sylwester, B.Syl wester, K.H.Phillips, V.D.Kuznetsov. A Solar spectroscopic absolute abundance of argon from RESIK. Astrophys.J., 720, 1721-1726, 2010.

1.1.9. () , , .. , , , , , . , , Hinode, . , 2·10-3 ( 0.5 1.2"), 4, 120.

9


.1. 3.5 . -10 10 . 2 .

1.1.10. () . , . . , , . .

.1. 10 2001 , . .

.2. . , . 10


1.1.11. SOHO/MDI () SOHO/MDI . 23- . , () . , , . (|B|>50 |B|>100 ) (|B|50G |B|100G) . , 30. |B|25 , . , - , . 1.1.12. () 1876-2009 ­ . : ) "" ( ). , . ) . " ", .. ; ) "" , " " . - . ­ , . , ( ), 0.68. , , . - , ( ), ( ). 1.1.13. () , q=AU/AP, AU AP ­ . , 30 XX . , . , , 200 ... AU/AP = a0+a1Ap. 0 1 , 300 ... a0 a1
11


y = 0,171 ­ 207,3 x. 300 ... 0 1 . , q S 1 (0const). Sp 0 0,18, 0 = (0,18±0,05)+a1(S)(S­200). , . RU/RP=0.42, q=AU/AP=0.18. 1.1.14. () , 700-800 /, , , , F10.7(t). , , . 1.1.15. () . . ( 2 ) . ( ) 23- 1.1.16. () YOHKOH

YOHKOH . (). , , . . , .
1.1.9-1.1.16 .., .., - . « - ­ 2010», -, , , 3-9 2010, .367-371 V.N.Obridko, B.D.Shelting. Relationship between the Parameters of Coronal Holes and High-Speed Solar Wind Streams over an Activity Cycle (Solar Phys, in press) Badalyan O.G. "Two Types of Differential Rotation of the Solar Corona" New Astronomy, 2010, v. 15, pp. 135-143 .. , .. . . . 2010. .50, 2, .159-166. K.I. Nikolskaya. Regions on the Sun responsible for the high speed streams of the steady solar wind. In Proceedings of 8th International Conference :Problems of Geocosmos", St.Petersburg StateUniversity, Petrodvorets, 20-24 Sept. 2010. p.193-198, 2010. Hongqi Zhang, T. Sakurai, A. Pevtsov, Yu Gao, Haiqing Xu, D. D. Sokoloff, K. Kuzanyan "New dynamo pattern revealed by solar helical magnetic fields", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Societ y: Letters, Volume 402, Issue 1, pp. L30-L33 (2010)

12


Hongqi Zhang, Shangbin Yang, Yu Gao, Jiangtao Su, D.D. Sokoloff, K. Kuzanyan "Large Scale Soft X-ray Loops And Their Magnetic Chirality In Both Hemispheres", The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 719, Issue 2, pp. 19551963 (2010)

1.1.17. - () /- 0.8-10 å SphinX, . 3- pin-, 20 2 0.08 2, 7 . SphinX [1]. , , 2009 : 5â10-10 /2 . , 24 4-, . , 1.3â1018 . , ROSAT, 23 . 100 , , «» . SphinX, , , , . MgXII ( 5 ) 132 , FeXX FeXXIII 12 . (. 2). MgXII , SphinX [2].

. 1. MgXII () FeXX-XXII (), 26 2009 .

13


. . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . . -. . , 2010, 74, 1, . 39­43 J. Syl wester, M. Kowalinski, Sz. Gburek, M. Siarkowski, S. Kuzin et al. The Sun's X-ray emission during the recent solar minimum / // Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union. 2010. V. 91, 8. P. 73-74.

1.1.18. () -600 - , , , (2-16 ), . - , -600 2­16 . ( V ) (6­12 ) ­ . . . , . . . . , . , (360­450 ) (0.26­0.63). , . -600, . , , , .
.., .., .. " ." , 2010. .87, 11, .1-9.

1.1.19. -600 () ,
14


-600. . , SOHO ( MDI). , . 2 ­ 5 . , . 600. , , .
. . " ", . . ., , . . , -2010 < - - 2010>, - . ., . . " -600"

1.1.20. - () NOAA 10956 . NOAA 10956 A, B, C, D (NLS). , , . -600 16 22 2007 . . NOAA 10956 , . . , , , NLS 1-2 .
. ., . ., . " ", < - 2010>, - . Bogod V.M., Stupishin A.G., and Yasnov L.V. ON Measuring the Height of the Magnetic Field Structure in Active Regi ons and Comparison with Model Reconstructions. Presented to Solar Physics, 2010.

15


..(1), ..(2), ..(2) -600 -2010

1.1.21. - -600 () -600 . 0.75 18.2 1%, -600 . (.1 2). http://www.spbf.sao.ru/prognoz/ 4 .

.1 0.75 -18.2 .

16


.2 - . - . .. -600. 2010, : .., .., ..: - - -600. 2010, ( ) .., .. - -600. - . 2010, . 16. 45­48 .., - -600 "- " 2010 ., 28-30 .., .., .., .., .. -600, -2010

1.2.
1.2.1. () , , GOES >X1 1997-2006 . - <10 () >10 (). , . , . , , (0 ), , , 10 , 100 25 , 35 .
17


.., : , , , , 2011. .., 245 , , , , 2010.

1.2.2. RHESSI () RHESSI 75 . . RHESSI , . . , , ( ) . .
.., , . 87, 7, . 717-736, 2010. ,

1.2.3. (). , , 10-8 /2 . . RHESSI . . . - . , . , .
.., - ", , 2010.

1.2.4. / . () / - , . - -, ,
18


. . ( 1) s = 0, ( 2) - s = 2.4â109. () , 10 . 1 . , . . 1a . , (100 ).

a)

b) 17 GHz

.1 2 1 ­ , . (. 1b). , . - .

19


17 GHz

. 2

. 3 , -, 1 2 : 1 - 90o, ; 2 - 90o, , , - 50o 130o, , - . .2 , : ­ 1, ­ 2. , . , - (. .2). , : 2 . ­ - . .3 , 17 . .2, 1 ( ) 2 ( ). 2

20


­ - 1.2.5. ( , ,
. () )

, 22 2005 ­ RHESSI. SOHO/MDI, H_alpha SMART Hida EUV- SOHO/EIT TRACE. , , ( ) , 6 (. ., ). , : 1) ~16 / , ~21 / (. ., ); 2) (NL) , , ; 3) , , , ( ) . , ) , , (. ., ); ) . . ( ) - , . ( ) . , .

21


1.2.4-1.2.5 1. Reznikova V.E., Melnikov V.F., Ji H., Shibasaki K. Dynamics of the flaring loop syst em of 2005 August 22 observed in microwaves and hard x-rays. ­ Astrophysical J. 2010, V.724, PP.171-181. 2. Melnikov V.F., Pyatakov N.P., Shibasaki K. Constraints for electron acceleration models in solar flares from microwa ve observations with high spatial resolution. ­ In: Astronomical Societ y of the Pacific. Conference Series, 2010 (accepted) 3. Reznikova V.E., Melnikov V.F., Shibasaki K. Microwave diagnostics of the position of an acceleration site and pitch-angle anisotropy of energetic electrons in the flare 24 Aug 2002. ­ In: Astronomical Societ y of the Pacific. Conference Series, 2010 (accepted) 4. Melnikov V.F. Constraints for electron acceleration models in solar flares from microwave observations with high spatial resolution (invited review). ­ In: Book of Abstracts. 38th COSPAR Scientific Assembl y 2010 (18-25 July 2010, Bremen, Germany). 5. Reznikova V.E., Melnikov V.F., Ji H., Shibasaki K. Topology dynamics of the flaring loop 2005 august 22 observed in microwa ves and hard x-rays. ­ In: Book of Abstracts. 38th COSPAR Scientific Assembl y 2010 (1825 July 2010, Bremen, Germany). 6. .., .. . « » (8-12 2010 ., ), , .11

1.2.6. () () () . , (NoRH) (5'' 10'' 34 17 , ) (100 ) , , . . 12 , 2002 2005 . .

22


.1. . 28 2002, 23:00:20 ­ 23:02:32 UT, NoRH 17 . (a) f (t), = 10 c Ff (t) , NoRH 17 .

.2. . 31 2002, 00:06:40 ­ 00:08:20 UT 17 GHz. (a) f (t), = 10 c Ff (t) , NoRH 17 . 95% . f (t).

.3. . 03 2002, 02:09:12 ­ 02:17:12 UT 17 . (a) 23


.4. X- . 21 2004, 23:47:10 ­ 23:50:30 UT. (a) f (t), = 30 c Ff (t) , NoRH 17 . f (t ) 1. 2. 3. Kupriyanova et al. «Types of microwave quasi-periodic pulsations in single flaring loops» // 2010, Solar Physics, submitted. (DOI: 10.1007/s11207-010-9642-0) .., .., « () ». « - 2010», .217-220.. .., .. « () ». « - 2010», . 49.

1.2.7. () 1. , , . , (RHESSI), , (195 , EIT/SOHO) (-600 ). ( 3), ( ) . . , ( - ) . , . 2. 10898 -600, 6 2006 ( 2.4 ). , HXR (RHESSI) -600.
24


13 2006 ( 3.4) 25 2000 ( 3.5) , , . 3. 1995-1997, 5.1*10-9 /2. , =1*106 K, 2-3 . 4. (GOES 1-8å) 1.76, 3.2, 8, 15 30 , (NORP) 22 23 1995-1997. 30,15, 8 3.2 1.76 . , , , , . 5. () 1-10 , , 1.76 . , , 3 5 . ( 10661 16-18 2004). . 6. (40-170 ) (NoRH) (). , (40-60, 80-120, 160-170 ) . "" .
2010: 1. .. , .. , .. , .. « », « », 8-12 2010, , .20. 2) .., .., .. « », « », 8-12 2010, , .11 3) .., .., .., .. « 10898 6 2006». « », , 12-19 , 2010, .56. 4) I.Yu. Grigoryeva, L.K. Kashapova, M.A. Livshits and V.N. Borovik «Microwa ve radio observations of the AR 10898 before the CME/flare event on 6 July 2006», Scientific Program and Abstracts , CESRA2010, June 15-19, 2010, La Roche-en-Ardenne, Belgium, p.36. 5) L.K. Kashapova, I.Yu. Grigoryeva, V.N. Borovik «haracteristics of microwave and HXR emission during the post-eruptive arcade formation» Scientific Program and Abstracts , CESRA2010, June 15-19, 2010, La Roche-en-Ardenne, Belgium, p.53. 6) G.B.Gelfreikh, V.E.Abramov-Maximov, K.Shibasaki "Oscillations in sunspots with periods less than 1 minute observed in microwave range". Scientific Program and Abstracts, CESRA2010, June 15-19, 2010, La Roche-en-Ardenne, Belgium. p. 18.

25


7) V.E.Abramov-Maximov, G.B.Gelfreikh, K.Shibasaki " Pecularities of the short period oscillations of microwa ve emission of sunspot-associated sources as based on NoRH observations" . Scientific Program and Abstracts, CESRA2010, June 15-19, 2010, La Roche-en-Ardenne, Belgium, p.33. 8) L.K. Kashapova, I.Yu. Grigoryeva, M.A. Livshits and V.N. Borovik " A study of plasma parameters before the CME/flare event on July 6, 2006: microwave vs HXR observations. Abstracts of the X-th Hvar Astrophysical Colloquium "The Active Sun", 6-10 September, 2010, Hvar, Croatia , p.18. 9) .., .., .., .. « 10898 6 2006 ». " - - 2010", -, , 3-8 , 2010, .104. 10) - .., .., . . " - - 2010", 3-9 2010, , , , .6. 11) .., .., - .. SOHO Nobeyama, " - - 2010", 3-9 2010, -, , : 1. I.. Yu.Grigoryeva , L.K. Kashapova, , V.N. Borovik and M.A. Livshits . The post eruptive arcade formation in the limb event on July 31, 2004 from microwave solar observations with the RATAN-600 radio telescope. Sun and Geosphere, ISSN 1819-0839. The International Journal of Research and Applications, vol.5, No.2, 2010, pp. 2. - .., .., ., . . " - - 2010", 3-9 2010, -, , 15-18.. 3. .., .., - .. SOHO Nobeyama, " - - 2010", 3-9 2010, -, . 277-282 4. .., . ., .., .. « 10898 6 2006 ». " - - 2010", , 3-8 , 2010, -, 2010. .119-122. 5. .., .. « ». " - 2010", , 3-8 , 2010, -, 2010. .253-256 : 1. I.A. Bakunina, V.E. Abramov-Maximov, S.V. Lesovoy, A.A. Solov'ev, Yu.V. Tikhomirov, V.F. Melnikov, K. Shibasaki, Yu.A. Nagovitsyn, V.M. Nakariakov, Long Period Oscillations in the Microwave Emission from Sunspots, Solar Physics.

1.2.8. () . , , , . ( , , , ) . , . , . , . ,
26


, , . , , 5- . . , , , . , 3-6 , Yohkoh, .
.., .., // , 2010, 87, 4, . 410­416. .. // «- », 50- , , 28-30 2010 ., , 2010, .10. .. // « », , 12-19 2010 ., , 2010, .57. Zaitsev V.V., Kislyakova K.G. Coronal loop plasma heating driven by parametric resonance with p-modes // The XI Russian-Finnish Radio Astronomy Symposium, 18-22 October, 2010, Puschino, Moscow Regi on. Abstracts, 2010, p. 24.

1.2.9. - () - (. . 1). , -. 25.10.1994, , , - , . , , . - . , , , . 25.10.1994 , . , , , - . - , .

27


s=

18 19 20

21 22 23 24

25

. 2 25.10.1994 - Zlotnik E.Ya., Zaitsev V.V., Aurass H. Radio diagnostic of l oop oscillations with wavy zebra patterns // Central Europ. Astrophys. Bull. 2010 (in press). .., .., . // , 2010 ( ). Zlotnik E.Ya., Zaitsev V.V., Aurass H. Radio signature of coronal magnetic loop oscillations (zebra pattern wavelike frequency drift) // Abstracts of the X-th Hvar Astrophysical Colloquium "The Active Sun," Sept. 2010, Hvar, Croatia, p. 25.

1.2.10. () (Coronal Mass Ejections, CMEs) ­ . 23- , |Dst| > 100 . , () , CMEs, , - , , ­ . , , , SOHO/EIT 195 å SOHO/MDI. , .

28


29


1.2.11. () SOHO/LASCO. , () . , . , . , . , , , , , , . 1.2.12. ()

. , F = 0. F- , . , 2 : 9 2002 . 13:12 UT 17 2005 . 09:43 UT, . , . , , , . 1.2.13. 4 2007 . () 4 2007 . AR NOAA 10960. SOHO, Hinode, TRACE, STEREO. , . , . . . , . .

30


1.2.14. 37 III 40 - 400 () 37 III 40 - 400 . , f (t-t0)- 1,2 0,5 . 84% 1,2. , ~ 1 R0 (r-r0)- 2,4 1 , .. . ~ 2 , .. . , . , . , , . 1.2.15. () KO- 9 (SXR) (1.7­16.9) (HXR) ( > 20 ) 5 2009 . 2.7. 25 . SXR, HXR, , . (« »): HXR . , , , HXR. . 1.2.16. () -, 2009 . (Ground Level Enhancements ­ GLEs), 2010 . . () GLEs , ( ). , ~ 1 (SS) (CI). , . , , ( ). 1.2.17. - 23 2002 . () - 23 2002 . , ~10-100
31


, . ( 4-5), - . 1.2.18. () (GLE) 20 2005 .

- 2.223 (GLE) 20 2005 . - 2.223 4-7 ( -/ - -). , - 20 2005 . 3He 1, : 3He/1 1.1â10-4, 2.223 (2Â3)â10-5. 3He/1, (, ).
1.2.10.-1.2.18 .. , .. , .. . - . 31- , , , 5-9 2010 ., MOD_07.pdf ( ). http://cr2010.sinp.msu.ru/cr2010/mod/mod_07.pdf. .. , .. , .. . - . . , 2010 . Filippov B., Srivastava A.K., Deflection of coronal rays by remote CMEs: shock wave or magnetic pressure?, Solar Physics, 266, 123-134, 2010. .., .., , . ., 87, 5, 503-512, 2010. V. V. Lobzin, I. H. Cairns, P. A. Robinson, A. Warmuth, G. Mann, R. V. Gorgutsa, and V. V. Fomichev, EVIDENCE FOR GENTLY SLOPING PLASMA DENSITY PROFILES IN THE DEEP CORONA: TYPE III OBSERVATIONS, Astrophysical Journal, 724:1099­1107, 2010 December 1 .. , .. , .. , .. . 20 2005 . - 2.223 . ­ , 2010 ( ).

1.2.19. - () «-», 2009 . «-», , - 18 ­ 450 2­20 , , 20 ­150 . 2009 . , , . 172 , : 58 ; 101 ; 13 .. , .
32


GOES. , , . 26.10.2009 . , GOES ( ) . , 2­20 .





. ) GOES ) -.

15 . .
.. . - «-». , . . 75, 5, 2011, .

2.
2.1.
2.1.1. 2004. () - 2004 . , , - .

33


2.1.2. , , 4- 23- ( 2004 ­ 2005 .) () ", , 4- 23- ( 2004 ­ 2005 .)". , , "" "" (), 10656. : "" ( ) ( ) . 18.08.04, ~1031 ., ; ­ "" 10667 "", , , (" " ­ 10687) , ­ 10693, 31031 2.81031 . 10696, 2004 . 2.1.3. () , .

(R<70 Rs) 19872009 . , . (-1000 -22) Rin Rout, Rin=F(IBrI) ­ Rin IrI. , : 1) , 1987-2009., 23- , 2008. , , . 2009 . . 2) 2008 . 23- : Rin=F(IBrI) - . Rin=F(IBrI) 2009. , . , 23- . 2.1.4. () , , 1953-2008 . .
34


( Bss - ZO-- - SO) Fx, . , 1976 ., () 1953-1976 . : 1. 2003-2008 . , [Belov A.V. et al., 2006]. 2. , R=3.25Ro, 23 . 3. Bss, ZO Hpol 23- , . . Bss, ZO Hpol ( ) .

.1 - 3.25 Ro 2.5 Ro.

.2 - ( % 1976) BSS ( ) .

2.1.5. - () 1957-2007 . -() . : ) (SSC)
35


) SSC. , 1) -, . 2) , . 3) , (SSC), ­ . 4) , , , ( ).

. 2b. - Bmax Vmax .

. 3. - Ap- ..

36


2.1.6. 2005 () 2005 23- , , , , . , , , 2005 . -, 21 , 20 .

.1. B V ( ); A10 Axy 10 ( ), Kp Dst- ( ).

, - , . .2.

.2. AF 162 , (>W35) Dmin . ­ 21 2005 . AF Dmin. 37


2.1.1.-2.1.6. . . 3-10 2004 .: 1. // . . 50. 3. . 298-310. 2010. . . 3-10 2004 .:2. "" "", . // . . 50. 6. . 1-16. 2010. A. V. Belov, E. A. Eroshenko, O. N. Kryakunova, V. G. Kurt, and V. G. Yanke "Ground Level Enhancements of Solar Cosmic Rays during the Last Three Solar Cycl es", Geomagnetizm i Aeronomiya, Vol. 50, No. 1, p.21, 2010 R. T. Gushchina, A. V. Belov, V. N. Obridko, and B. D. Shelting, "Long-Term Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Ra ys at Solar Activity Minimums", Geomagnetizm i Aeronomiya, V. 50, No. 4, P.446-443. 2010. .Abunin, "Forbush-effects with sudden and gradual onset", 22nd European Cosmic Ray Symposium in Turku, Finland , 3-6 August 2010. .., .., ... // . 2010. .50. 6. .739-748.

2.1.7. 5- ( )
) , MARS-EXPRESS (2004, 2006, 2008/09), VENUS-EXPRESS (2006) ROSETTA (2006) . 20% . ~30 . max=5.5 ( ~3 .) 8 . , 10RS, max=4.3 ( ~4 .). /max 4 40 1.0 2.9 . , , , .

) , , 1975 2002 . - , , ( , ).
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