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What is meant by the term "flat universe"? How is this flatness supported by measurements of the cosmic microwave background? | Astronomy.com

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What is meant by the term "flat universe"? How is this flatness supported by measurements of the cosmic microwave background?

FROM THE October 2006 ISSUE

What is meant by the term "flat universe"? How is this flatness supported by measurements of the cosmic microwave background?

SKIP HULL, SAN DIEGO

Published: Sunday, October 01, 2006

Space is flat if the three angles of any triangle add up to 180ТА. For example, Earth's surface is a positively curved two-dimensional space. When you go from the North Pole to Ecuador to Congo and back to the North Pole, you make a triangle whose angles add up to about 270ТА. All other triangles on this spherical surface also give more than 180ТА. A saddle-shape surface is negatively curved. Draw a triangle on it, and the angles will sum to less than 180ТА.