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             Mercury, 
              November/December 2006 Table of Contents  
              
            
               
                   
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                 The 
                    formation of partnerships with a wide variety of leading educational 
                    organizations across the country has been one of the hallmarks 
                    of the Space Science E/PO Program. Collaborations with nearly 
                    four hundred such organizations in FY 2005 brought space-science-related 
                    educational activities to every state in the country.  
                    Illustration 
                      courtesy of L. Cooper (Science Mission Directorate, NASA 
                      Headquarters). 
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            by 
              Jeffrey D. Rosendhal 
            This 
              is a part of the story about how the program recently recognized 
              by the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP) through its presentation 
              of the 2006 Klumpke-Roberts Award—NASA's Space Science 
              Education and Public Outreach (E/PO) program—was actually 
              planned and implemented. The story is one of bringing about change. 
              It concerns some of the challenges that were met (and lessons learned) 
              in planning the program, developing its underlying policies, establishing 
              the processes required to implement those policies, building the 
              infrastructure intended to knit everything together into a coherent 
              whole, and bringing in the talented individuals required to carry 
              out a world-class program.  
            At 
              the beginning of the story in early 1994, education within NASA's 
              Office of Space Science (OSS) was largely focused on graduate and 
              post-graduate education primarily supported through research grants 
              and flight missions. There were also a relatively small number of 
              efforts underway directed towards pre-college and public education 
              supported through modest (a few thousand dollars) education supplements 
              to research grants and a handful of larger grants for specific education 
              programs. OSS was spending a little more than $1 million dollars 
              per year on education. The effort to establish a major education 
              group within the Office of Public Outreach at the Space Telescope 
              Science Institute had just been started. A few missions—such 
              as the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer—had put together mission-oriented 
              education programs. Most space scientists thought that, while doing 
              anything other than graduate education was nice in principle, it 
              wasn't really their business. And there was very little understanding 
              as to whether any of the programs underway were actually having 
              any impact on the world of education.  
            By 
              the beginning of 2005, space science E/PO collectively constituted 
              what may well be the largest single program in astronomy and space 
              science education ever undertaken. E/PO was embedded in every flight 
              mission. More than $40 million per year were being directly spent 
              on space science E/PO activities, and the program participants themselves 
              were providing substantial additional resources. More than 1200 
              members of the space science community were directly participating 
              in the E/PO program. More than 2000 education institutions and organizations 
              were involved in hundreds of space science E/PO activities, and 
              those activities were, collectively, reaching millions of people 
              per year. Major efforts were underway to assess the effectiveness 
              and impact of the E/PO program. And the conversation within the 
              space science community concerning the legitimacy and desirability 
              of participating in E/PO work was clearly different than it had 
              been ten years earlier. 
            If 
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