Документ взят из кэша поисковой машины. Адрес оригинального документа : http://www.atnf.csiro.au/computing/software/gipsy/tsk/calc.dc1 Дата изменения: Thu Jan 4 17:38:17 1996 Дата индексирования: Thu Jan 15 23:25:49 2009 Кодировка: Поисковые слова: aurora

Program: CALC

Purpose: Calculate expressions (using variables) and exercise GIPSY
input syntax

Category: CALCULATION, UTILITY

File: calc.c

Author: M.G.R. Vogelaar

Keywords:

** VARNAME= Give variable name(s) to use in expression: [x]

Specify the variable names you want to use in the
expression in EXPRESSION= The maximum number of
variables is 32. A variable name cannot exceed 16
characters. Default is one variable called 'x'.


** FILENAME= Give name of ASCII file: [write data to screen only]

It is possible to write results to an ASCII file also.
FILENAME= expects the name of your file. The default
will skip writing to file.
If a file is opened then it will be closed after the
loop over EXPRESSION= is aborted.


OVERWRITE= File exists, ok to overwrite? [Y]/N

Only prompted if FILENAME= is an existing file.


EXPRESSION= Enter Hermes expr. or math funct. with var....: [abort]

The expression is an expression that can be evaluated
by Hermes (using Hermes variables) or it is an
mathematical expression which can contain variables
that were entered in VARNAME= (default: 'x').
If variables are part of the expression, then their
values must be entered with VALUE= before the
expression can be evaluated.
examples:
EXPRESSION=sin(pi/2)
EXPRESSION=sin(rad(x)) VALUE=0:30:5
EXPRESSION=descr(AURORA,CRVAL1)
EXPRESSION=image(AURORA,-2 -2 2 2)
EXPRESSION=table(AURORA,xytable,x,1:)
EXPRESSION=file(xvalues.txt,1,1:10)



VALUE= Values x(1..n), ... : [abort]

Enter the value(s) for the variable(s).
The maximum number of variables is limited
only by available memory. Alternative input is possible
with 1) recall file
2) file and table functions



Description: CALC can be used as a calculator in GIPSY and you can also
test the GIPSY input syntax for numbers. An expression can
contain variables or it follows the Hermes syntax for
number input. The calculated values are written to screen
and to the GIPSY log file (GIPSY.LOG) and to a file
(FILENAME=).

If your expression is rejected at first (because it is not
a valid 'Hermes' expression), it will be treated
as a mathematical expression which can contain variables.
The expression is given in a loop in EXPRESSION=
and the variables that can be used are in VARNAME=
(the default variable name is x).
If the expression contains one or more variables then
you are prompted to enter values for the variable(s)
with VALUE= This keyword follows the standard GIPSY
input syntax for numbers.
After each evaluation the output is printed on screen
(and written to file if FILENAME= is used) and the
program returns to the EXPRESSION= prompt.
If an ASCII file on disk was opened, it will be closed
after the EXPRESSION= loop is aborted.

The input string in EXPRESSION= may contain:

A) Hermes compatible input:

1 2 3/3 sin(pi) evaluates to 1.0 2.0 1.0 0.0
log(10)::4 evaluates to 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
log(10):log(100):2/4 evaluates to 1.0 1.5 2.0
10**[0 1 5] evaluates to 1 10 100000
[1:3]+[90:70:-10] evaluates to 91 82 73
[20:30]?[3 4 5] evaluates to 22 23 24


B) Mathematical expressions (with variables), containing:

1) functions; syntax ff(..); where ff is one of the
following available functions:
abs(x) absolute value of x
sqrt(x) square root of x
sin(x) sine of x
asin(x) inverse sine of x
cos(x) cosine of x
acos(x) inverse cosine of x
tan(x) tangent of x
atan(x) inverse tan of x
atan2(x,y) inverse tan (mod 2pi) x = sin, y = cos
exp(x) exponential of x
ln(x) natural log of x
log(x) log (base 10) of x
sinh(x) hyperbolic sine of x
cosh(x) hyperbolic cosine of x
tanh(x) hyperbolic tangent of x
rad(x) convert x to radians
deg(x) convert x to degrees
erf(x) error function of x
erfc(x) 1-error function
max(x,y) maximum of x and y
min(x,y) minimum of x and y
sinc(x) sin(x)/x (sinc function)
sign(x) sign of x (-1,0,1)
mod(x,y) gives remainder of x/y
int(x) truncates to integer
nint(x) nearest integer
ranu(x,y) generates uniform noise between x and y
rang(x,y) generates gaussian noise with mean x
and dispersion y
ranp(x) generates poisson noise with mean x
ifeq(x,y,a,b) returns a if x == y, else b
ifne(x,y,a,b) returns a if x != y, else b
ifgt(x,y,a,b) returns a if x > y, else b
ifge(x,y,a,b) returns a if x >= y, else b
iflt(x,y,a,b) returns a if x < y, else b
ifle(x,y,a,b) returns a if x <= y, else b
ifblank(x,a,b) returns a if x == BLANK, else b
2) constants; syntax cc; where cc is one of the following
available constants:
PI 3.14159....
C speed of light (SI)
H Planck (SI)
K Boltzmann (SI)
G gravitation (SI)
S Stefan-Boltzman (SI)
M mass of sun (SI)
P parsec (SI)
BLANK Universal undefined value
Note: the Hubble constant is not included.
3) operators; syntax op; where op is one of the following
available operators:
+ addition
- subtraction
* multiplication
/ division
** power
4) parameters; up to 32 variable names (less than 16 characters)
can be specified.

Notes:

Example: example 1: Calculate sin(x) for x=0, 5, ..., 30
calc
CALC EXPRESSION=sin(rad(x))
CALC VALUE=0:30:5

!x sin(rad(x))
!====================
0 +0
5 +0.0871557
10 +0.173648
15 +0.258819
20 +0.34202
25 +0.422618
30 +0.5


example 2: Calculate 2/6 3/6 4/6 and 5/6 using the
expression x/y
Note the order of the input in VALUE=
calc varname=x y
CALC EXPRESSION=x/y
CALC VALUE=2 3 4 5 6::4

!x y x/y
!==============================
2 6 +0.333333
3 6 +0.5
4 6 +0.666667
5 6 +0.833333

Note: First the four x values are given and second the
four y values.


example 3: Calculate 2/6 3/6 4/6 and 5/6 using the
expression x/y and a recall file!
calc varname=x y
CALC EXPRESSION=x/y
CALC VALUE=
!x y x/y
!==============================
2 6 +0.333333
3 6 +0.5
4 6 +0.666667
5 6 +0.833333

The contents of 'recallfile.rcl' is:
2 6
3 6
4 6
5 6


example 4:

CALC EXPRESSION=descr(AURORA,CRVAL1)

Returns the header value of CRVAL1 at set level of set
AURORA.


example 5:

CALC EXPRESSION=image(AURORA,-2 -2 2 2)

Returns all image values in AURORA in a box with corners
x,y=-2 -2 and x,y=2 2


example 6:

CALC EXPRESSION=table(AURORA,xytable,x,1:)

Reads column with name 'x' from table 'xytable' in set
AURORA at set level. All column data (1:) will be displayed.


example 7:

CALC EXPRESSION=file(xvalues.txt,1,1:10)

Returns from ASCII file 'xvalues.txt' the first 10 values.



Updates: Jan 4, 1993: VOG, Document created.
Jul 20, 1995: VOG, DECODE function included.