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IS P O

SKA ­ International Update
International SKA Project Engineer Sydney, August 23, 2007 www.skatelescope.org

Peter Hall

PJ Hall, Aug 2007


Astronomy & engineering iteration International system design effort Strong emphasis on technology demonstration

SKA development approach

IS P O

­ Science specs early 2008

Reference Design technologies

­ Intensifying in PrepSKA

­ Retire risk as early as possible ­ Regional pathfinders are crucial
» > 200M investment

Focus on:

­ Aggressive cost reduction strategies ­ Industry engagement

PJ Hall, Aug 2007

» To deliver SKA on required timescales

1% (pathfinders)

10% (SKA Phase 1)

100% (SKA)


SKA antenna applications
Frequency range (GHz) Low-band "EoR" array All-sky monitor 0.1-0.3 0.3-1 Sparse Aperture Array Dense Aperture Array D ish + Phased Array Feed D ish + Single-Pixel Feed

IS P O

Imaging mid- 0.3-3 band array High-band array Pathfinders or Design Studies 3-25

(to ~0.5 GHz)

( t o ~ 1 G Hz )

LOFAR, MWA, LWA

SKADS

ASKAP, APERTIF

ATA, TDP, meerKAT

Mid-band SKA is the focus of intense Pathfinder activity
PJ Hall, Aug 2007


SKA timeline
Science case published Sites short-listed

IS P O

PrepSKA preparatory phase activities

`1% SKA' Science

`10% SKA' Science

SKA Complete

98

2002

2006 00

07

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

18

22

PrepSKA system design Concept design Pathfinder suite construction

Feasibility studies and concept demonstration

Reference Design selected

External review of top-level design

Phase 1 construction 10% SKA

Full array construction 100% SKA

Initial specs for Phase 1 and full SKA
PJ Hall, Aug 2007

Detailed Phase 1 design & top-level SKA design


SKA preparatory phase: PrepSKA (2 0 0 8 ­ 2 0 1 1 )
WP1: PrepSKA management WP2: SKA system design ­ Includes Initial Verification System ­ Establishes ISPO Central Design Integration Team (CDIT) WP3: Continuing site selection process ­ Regional, international, joint projects WP4: Governance WP5: Industry and procurement policy WP6: Funding model WP7: Implementation strategy
22M Eu program with strong international collaboration
PJ Hall, Aug 2007

IS P O

» 15 engineers » Located Manchester, UK

(including US Technology Development Project)


IS P O
Europe (LOFAR, SKADS)

WP2 SKA design

Other (via ISPO working groups)

Australia (ASKAP)

Central Design Integration Team

Canada (ASKAP)

System design & integration

South Africa (MeerKAT)

Technology innovation & prototyping

USA (ATA, TDP)

PJ Hall, Aug 2007


WP2: SKA design
Recognizes primary role of Pathfinders & Design Studies in technology development Leverages current programs to generate coherent SKA design D e liv e r s

IS P O

­ Brings the best technologies together into complete program ­ Emphasizes "fit for manufacture" design ­ Overall SKA concept design, with costing ­ Detailed SKA Phase 1 design ­ Initial Verification System for SKA Phase 1 design

Demonstrates functional central team, plus strong working links to regional engineering ~ 1 8 0 p *y r e ffo r t Many shared central and regional projects
PJ Hall, Aug 2007


FP7 Preparatory Phase: Elements of Work Package 2 (WP2) T1 P1 SKA design SKA concept delineation CDIT SKA-P1 subsystems spec. & evaluation CDIT IVS specification CDIT Dish design 1 (basic metal) CSIRO Wideband single-pixel feeds TDP Low-noise amplifiers ASTRON Intra-antenna data links CSIRO Station DSP UK:oxf IVS construction UK Dish design 2 (composite) KAT WFoV ­ Aperture array tiles UK:man Integrated receivers CSIRO Intra-station data links UK:man Correlator DRAO IVS integration & te s t CDIT Dish design 3 (carbon fibre) DRAO WFoV Phased array feeds CSIRO New-gen. cryo solutions TDP Station-core data links UK:man RF interference mitigation ASTRON Software engineering ASTRON LO and timing UK:man Monitor & control UK:cam Dish design 4 (hi perf. metal) TDP WFoV ­ Multiple-feed clusters KAT T2 SKA specification CDIT T3 SKA life-cycle s tu d y KAT T4 SKA operations plan ASTRON T5 SKA support plan CDIT T6 SKA cost opt'n CDIT T7 SKA manufacturing studies UK:man T8 SKA technical doc . CDIT T9 SKA system design CDIT

P2

SKA-P1 sub-system spec & evaluation

P3

Initial Verification System

P4

Dish design & optimization

P5

Feed prototyping

P6

Receiver prototyping

P7

Signal transport prototyping

P8

Signal processing prototyping

Non-imaging processors UK:man Data products & VO plan UK:cam Calibration ASTRON Science pos t ­ p ro c . CSIRO

P9

Computing specification & prototyping

SKA computing & software spec. CDIT CDIT project management CDIT

Computing hardware CDIT

P10

WP2 design study management


Recognizes that industry is crucial to SKA development, delivery & operations Procurement Working Group to be formed PWG looks at:
­ Funding agencies, consultants, industry, ... ­ Potential for global industry in development & construction ­ Possible procurement models ­ Risks attached to various models

WP5: Procurement

IS P O

» Maximize added-value for participating nations (recognize different ambitions)

PWG outputs:

Opportunities for Aust industry input to PrepSKA WP5
­ Via DEST, CSIRO, ISPO engineering task forces
» Ideal routes for industry clusters, peak bodies, ...
PJ Hall, Aug 2007

­ Procurement options paper for discussion by funding agencies etc., then ­ Draft policies on industry engagement, procurement, protocols for research institute involvement, ....


Some SKA-industry prospects
What Selected technical R&D Volume manufacturing Infrastructure
Basic (civil), advanced (power, comms) Dishes, integrated optical links, custom computing, ...

Ho w Pathfinders
+ ISPO working groups

Pathfinders Pathfinders

+ PrepSKA WP2 + PrepSKA WP3

Procurement
Pathfinder systems & services National/international policy

Pathfinders Funding agencies (DEST)
+ PrepSKA WP5

Operations, support

Pathfinders
+ ISPO working groups + PrepSKA WP2


Industry interaction in host country (possible)
200M

IS P O

Host nation has to be smart in reaping hi-tech returns. Example: universities (or similar) can be incubators of collaborations.
PJ Hall, Aug 2007


Reference Design selected

SKA - recent progress

IS P O

Sites short-listed Major results in Pathfinders: meerKAT, ASKAP, SKADS, ATA, LOFAR, ... Funding Agencies Working Group formed "Directed" science-engineering interaction ­ a.k.a. tough talking
­ New performance v. cost analysis ­ More emphasis on SKA Phase 1 ­ Science specifications (and SKA evolution) by early 2008 ­ International SKA Forum initiative

­ Key technologies identified ­ Initial emphasis on bands <10 GHz endorsed

First-round infrastructure study complete Successful PrepSKA European 7th framework submission
PJ Hall, Aug 2007


Upper frequency limit ~8 GHz

SKA specifications ­ possible directions

IS P O

Lower frequency limit ~ 0.07 GHz Survey science emphasis

­ Higher frequencies as part of "Phase 3" (post-2020) ­ But should 0.07 ­ 0.3 GHz array should stay as part of SKA?
Lorimer et al.

3:1bandwidth antenna solutions

­ Survey speed as primary spec ­ Includes explicit recognition of transient surveys
30 Jy peak, ms duration

Wide-field (~30 deg2) synthesis imaging limited to baselines below ~10 km
­ Mitigates huge computing burden
PJ Hall, Aug 2007

­ More pronounced performance-to-cost peaks than 10:1 designs ­ More "sub-classes" of aperture array & dish feeds ­ Greater role for sparse aperture arrays < 0.6 GHz


IS P O

International SKA ­ coming milestones
Late 2008: Major engineering specs proposed
­ Includes "base" (dish) technology option

Early 2009: External engineering review 2010,11: Reviews of pathfinder technologies

­ Can "base" technology be extended to wide fields-of-view?

Late 2010: Finance, governance, procurement studies completed ~ 2011: Site selection? End 2011: SKA system design delivered
­ Top-level SKA ­ Detailed SKA Phase 1

2012-20: Progressive SKA rollout
PJ Hall, Aug 2007