Документ взят из кэша поисковой машины. Адрес оригинального документа : http://www.chem.msu.ru/rus/olimpiad/olimp2003/inorg_r_.pdf Дата изменения: Thu May 29 14:35:52 2003 Дата индексирования: Sat Dec 22 12:32:43 2007 Кодировка: Поисковые слова: m 5

II.
I ( .)
1. A1 : X, Y, Na, Z. YZ , HF. . XF3, X , . : A1 B 2H
6

A2 B 4H
10

A3 B 5H Y F
B2H B4H B5H
6 10 11 9 14

A4 B5H
9

A5 B10H14 Z H

11

X B :
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5

nB/n

H


BH B5H
3 5

X
2 4 5 5 10

0.334 0.400 0.455 0.555 0.712

B2H B5H B5H

11 9 7

B5H B10H

( 0.5 , 4 ) 2. :
3 (0.4 ) 6 (0.4 )

2B+3F2 2BF

BF3 + HF H[BF4]

(0.4 )
2 (0.4 )

8BF3 + 6NaH 6Na[BF4] + B2H
5B2H6 180°C B10H14 + 8H
120°C

100 ° C 2B2H6 B4H10 + H

2 (0.4 )

5B2H6 180°C 2B5H9 + 6H
100°

2 (0.4 )

5B2H6 2B5H11 + 4H
95°C 5B4H10 4B5H9 + 7H

2 (0.4 )

4B5H11 + 3H

2

60°

5B4H

10 (0.4 ) 2 (0.4 )

2 (0.4 )

5B5H10 2B10H14 + 11H

B4H10 B 5H 9 B 2H 6 B5H11

}
3.

+O

2

B 2 O 3 + H 2O

2B5H11 B10H14 + 4H

2 (0.4 )

( 5 ) : 40HF +K2O·CaO·6SiO2 2KF + CaF2 + 6H2[SiF6] + 14H2O (0.5 0.5 , 1 . 0.1 , ­ SiO2, SiF4).


4. 5.

B2H6 . 1. ( 2 , 1,5 BH4­ . 1. BH4­ B

--, 0.5 ). H . CH4 NH4+. ­ . (1 1 , 3 , 0.5 ).
H

H H B

H B H

H H . 1
H B H H

2 ( ..)
1. , ;
XCln

=

YCl

XCln + YCl A + mHCl, ­ , .

XCl n

=

12,41 - 0,21 12,20 = Ax + 35,5n Ax + 35,5n



YCl

=

12,52 3,13 = 4( Ay + 35,5) Ay + 35,5



HCl

=

5,24 = 0,234( ) 22,4

: m

YCl

=

HCl

3,13 0,284 ; (2,5 ) = Ay + 35,5 m

Ay = 13,38m ­ 35,5 (0,5 ) m = 4 4

(m 4);

Ay = 18 /. X Y ( HCl).
=

Y , Y ­ NH4+ (0,5 ), ­ NH4Cl, Y' ­ N.
XCl n HCl

12,20 4 = 0,234 ; Ax + 35,5n

Ax = 208,5 ­ 35,5n. (0,25 ) Ba2+ (n = 2) P+5 (n = 5) (0,25 ), BaCl2 NH4Cl. XCl5 ­ PCl5 (0,5 ), A ­ NPCl2. PCl5 + NH4Cl NPCl2 + 4 HCl. W = W t =
K W 1000 ; (100 - W ) M t 1 4 = = = . (1 ) t 0,75 3


­ (NPCl2)3; ­ (NPCl2)4; ­ (NPCl2)a; ­ P­Cl PCl5(). , PCl4+ PCl6­ ( Cl­ PCl4+). ­ PCl (NPCl2)bPCl4+. ( 0,25 ) 3PCl5 + 3NH4Cl = (NPCl2)3 + 12 HCl; 4PCl5 + 4NH4Cl = (NPCl2)4 + 16HCl; (b+2)PCl5 + bNH4Cl = PCl6­(NPCl2)bPCl4+ + 4bHCl;
t aPCl6­(NPCl2)bPCl4+ = d(NPCl2)a + 2aPCl5 ( 0,25 )
6 ­

2.
Cl Cl N Cl Cl P P Cl N P Cl Cl N Cl Cl P N N P Cl Cl P Cl P Cl N Cl Cl Cl P Cl XCl
n ()

Cl

Cl P N

Cl Cl P N Cl

Cl Cl P N Cl P Cl Cl

Cl



N

Cl P Cl XCln () Cl Cl

+

Cl Cl

Cl





( 0,5 ) 3. (NPCl2)b2PCl5 M = 116b + 417 (0,25 ) 10 b 17 (0,25 ) 4. : 1200, (0,5 ) : 1,57е; 1,98е; (0,75 ) : 1,56е; 1,98е; (0,75 ) 5. HCl H2SO4. (0,5 )
0 P2 H 1 1 6. ln = ( - ) (0,5 ) P R T1 T2 1

H

0

=

RT1T2 ln T2 - T1

P2 P 1

=

8,314 400 529 ln105 / 1,7 103 = 55567( / ) (0,5 ) 529 - 400 ln P2 55567 1 1 = ( - ); 3 1,7 10 8,314 400 413

= 2,9103 () (0,5 )

3 ( ..)
1. () . X , ­ ( ). , Z = 4 + 4 = 8. (2 )


MgO ZnO MgO

o

oo

Co O Cr2O 3

2.

o

l2 AAlO3 3 2O

ZnAl2O4 CoAl2O
4 4

MgAl2O CoAl2O

4

MgAl2O MgCr2O
4

4 4 4

4

(Zn1-xCox)Al2O (2 ) 3. ZnAl2O4 CoAl2O

(Mg1-xCox)Al2O

Mg(Al1-xCrx)2O



MgAl2O
4



4

(Mg1-xCox)Al2O MgCr2O

4

(Zn1-xCox)Al2O

4

4

Mg(Al1-xCrx)2O (2 ) 4.

4


MgO



Cr(III)

­

1s22s22p63s23p63d3,





. (1 )

Cr2O3

O Al2O3

5.


MgO

Cr2O3

Al2O3

(1 ) 6. (2 ) 7.
ZnO MgO O

Co(II) ­ ( ).

Co(II) ­1s22s22p63s23p63d7, 10 ­ 7 = 3

CoO CoO

Al22O3 Al O3

...

NaCl ­ . ­ ( ). (2 ) 8. ) (1.5 ) ) (1.5 ) MgO, Al2O
3 4

ZnAl2O4, MgAl2O (Zn1-xCox)Al2O Mg(Al1-xCrx)2O
4 4 4

(Zn1-xCox)Al2O

(Al1-xCrx)2O3, (Mg1-xCox)O