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Дата индексирования: Tue Oct 2 06:30:28 2012
Кодировка:
Поисковые слова: m 5

NOAA EOS/Terra ..1, ..2, ..1, ..2
1

, .

2

- "" , .

: - AVHRR/NO AA MODIS/EO S Terra g , Ta, Ts.eff, , NDVI, LAI - "--" (SVAT); -

. ( .) 7460 2 1997, 1999-2004 .

g , Ta, Ts.eff, , NDVI, LAI : - ; - AVH RR; - B; - ; - Ta, g Ts.eff; - Ta, g Ts.eff .

Ta=a1T4+a2(T4 T4 T5 (10,5-11,5 µm)

-T5)+a3 , 4- 5- (11,5-12,5µm) AVHRR

AV HRR Tsg=b1T4+b2(T4-T5)+b3(4+5)/2+b4(4-5)+b5 4 5 4- 5- AVHRR , , 31- 32- MODIS (EOS/ Te rra ) , NDV I / =vB+g(1-B)+0.06B(1-B) v g - " " , B

Ts.eff=BTf+(1-B)Tg Tf= Ta and Tg= Tsg Ts.eff=BTa+ (1-B)Tsg B=(NDV I-ND VIg)/(ND VIv-NDV Ig) NDV Iv N DVIg - , NDV I ; NDVI=(A2-A1)/(A2+A1) A1, A2 , 1- 2- AVHRR

1997, 1999-2004 ., AVHRR NOAA -12, -14, -16, -17 1 1,5 , ., . ND VI, , B, , g, Ts.eff 33 , SVA T 5 7 2. , . , , , . AV HRR , sg, Ts.eff .

1. Ta , Ts.eff Tsg 2001 .
21 25 18 17 15 96

T NDVI B
0 ,2 9 2 0 ,3 0 9 0 ,2 7 6 0 ,3 1 9 0 ,3 1 7 0 ,3 0 3 0 ,3 8 0 ,4 2 0 ,3 5 0 ,4 4 0 ,4 3 0 ,4 0 -0 ,7 0 -1 ,1 7 0 ,5 4 0 ,8 5 -0 ,2 9 -0 ,2 5

a

Ts
1 ,3 0 1 ,6 6 1 ,9 7 1 ,4 9 1 ,6 9 1 ,7 9

.eff

Ts
2 ,5 8 2 ,5 6 2 ,6 5 2 ,9 8 2 ,5 6 2 ,8 9

g

1 ,4 8 2 ,0 3 2 ,0 4 1 ,7 1 1 ,7 2 1 ,8 0

-0 ,1 4 -1 ,7 5 0 ,4 7 1 ,2 9 -1 ,6 3 -0 ,4 2

2 ,5 8 3 ,1 0 2 ,6 9 3 ,2 5 3 ,0 4 2 ,9 3

0.3 4 -2 ,4 1 0 ,3 9 1 ,5 2 -3 ,0 3 -0 ,9 8 4 ,2 6 4 ,4 2 3 ,5 2 4 ,8 4 4 ,7 7 4 ,3 4

4 ,2 5 3 ,7 1 3 ,5 0 4 ,6 0 3 ,6 9 4 ,2 9

() Ta, Tsg Ts.eff 1.5-2.0, 3.5-4.8 2.0-3.2 °C, . ( g) ( - ), , , ( + 60°) , .

,

A ( )

T
s

( )

( ) , LA I B

Tg T

H

f

,

Tg Tf Ts H Eg Ef W

E

g

E

f

W

SVAT

SVAT , Eg, , E

E g = a r ( q * ( T g ) - q af ) / r ag E f = a ( q * ( Tf ) - q af ) LAI /( ra + rs )

f

r = exp(

M g ( ) ) R w ( Tg + 273)

: = D () z - K () - S r (, z ) t z S r ( , z ) = - K ( ) [ r - ( ) ] b r ( z )
f

- MH K () = K 0 P - MH
n

=

r

- rr E

f

E

f

=

Z w

max

S r ( , z ) dz

0

WP - MH ( ) = ( WP ) - MH
m

( WP ) log MH ( MH ) P m= P - MH log WP - MH
n m

D ( ) = K
0

( WP )

m - MH WP - MH - MH P - MH - MH

( WP ) - f rs = r0 ( WP ) - f

ra = 1 / ( C e U )

U

G=R

sg

+R

lg

- LE

g

-H

g

R sf + R lf = LEf - Hf
Hg a c p ( T g - T af ) a c p (Tf - Hg = Hf = r ag raf
C T
eff

Hf

Taf )

= z z

T z

T - = (Tm - Tz ) z

T s 4 = R a - R lf - R lg Ts - Ra

R

a

=N

[

cl

+ (1 - N

cl

)k 2 q

0.08 a

]

T

4 a

Ncl

, , , , , , . - , - , , , , , , , LA I, ( ). , .

- . () (b)
1- ; 2- ; 3- ; 4- ; 5-8 : 5- , 6- , 7- 8- -

kJ/m2 day 2 1.5 1 0.5 0
19.04 29.04 9.05 19.05 29.05 8.06 18.06 28.06 8.07 18.07 28.07 7.08 17.08 27.08 6.09 16.09 26.09

RBmod RBobs

Da tes

RBmod RBobs 1999 .

50 40 30 20 10 0

Tem erature, p

Tg mod Tg obs

19.04 24.04 29.04 4.05 9.05 14.05 19.05 24.05 29.05 3.06 8.06 13.06 18.06 23.06 28.06 3.07 8.07 13.07 18.07 23.07 28.07 Dates

Tgmod Tgobs 1999 .

Temperature,
40 30 20 10 0

Tf Ta

19.04 24.04 29.04 4.05 9.05 14.05 19.05 24.05 29.05 3.06 8.06 13.06 18.06 23.06 28.06 3.07 8.07 13.07 18.07 23.07 28.07 Dates

Tf Ta 1999 .

E v , m m / 5 da y s 25 20 15 10 5 0 5 . 04 26 . 05 1 6 .0 7 7 . 09 31 .1 0 D a te s
1 2 3

E v 2002 ., LAI, (1) (2) . (3) E v.

istrinai ligeemateat, rsa n200 AVHRR, D buti o of r foa t per ur over w e hed are on 23 Ju e 4 .. 23 2004 ., 15 . .
52 .4

52 .2

Ponyri

24 .5 24 23 .5 23 22 .5 22 21 .5 21 20 .5

52

51 .8

Kursk Petrinka Tim

20 19 .5 19 18 .5 18

51 .6

51 .4

17 .5 17 16 .5 16

51 .2

Obo yan'
51 36 36.2 36 .4 36 .6 36 .8 37 3 7.2 37.4

Ts.eff, AVHRR/NOAA-14 (a) , (dT = Ts.eff-Ts) () . 10 12 1997 . )
52.40

)
21.4

1.5 1.0
52.20

52 .20

21.2 21.0 20.8

0.5
52.00

52 .00

0.0 -0 . 5

20.6 20.4
51 .80
51.80

-1 . 0 -1 . 5

20.2 20.0
51 .60
51.60

-2 . 0 -2 . 5

19.8 19.6
51 .40
51.40

-3 . 0 -3 . 5

19.4 19.2
51 .20
51.20

-4 . 0

51.00

51 .00 36 .20 36. 40 36. 60 3 6.80 37 .00 37 .20

36. 00

36. 20

36 .40

36 .60

36 .80

37.00

37.20

LAI=-2.5* ln(1.2-2*NDV I) LAI=NDV I*1.71+0.48
5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 Da te s LAI, m 2/m
2

1 2

LAI, (1) (2) 2003 .

LAI, AVHRR, Distribution of LAI ov er waters hed area on 23 Ju ne 2004 .. 23 2004 ., 15 . .
52 .4

Ponyri
52 .2 8 7 .5 7 52 6 .5 6 51 .8

Kursk

5 .5 5 4 .5

51 .6

Ti m Petrinka

4 3 .5 3

51 .4

2 .5 2

51 .2

Oboyan'

1 .5

51 36

3 6.2

36.4

36. 6

36 .8

37

3 7.2

37.4

Vegeaticoectobtainedusing AVHdeied estimates (andground t on v r fra ion B B, RR- r v 1) bserAVHdata/on OAnni) l(grasse2)arometeoationurf egettseso (2) o ( vation RR N pereA a 1) s ( at g st K sk or v a ion a n 999 , 1999 . 1
0.7 0.6 B, de cim al fra ctio n 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 1.04 18.04 8.05 28.05 18.06 7.07 29.07 18.08 8.09 30.09 Dates

1 2

B = 1 - exp( - p LAI )

2003 ., , Ta (1) , Tf LAI B (2) (3) . (4) .
1

35 30 Temp eratu re, C 25 20 15 10 5 0
o

2 3 4

26.04 6.05 3.06 27.06 29.06 26.07 28.07 10.08 15.08 6.09 9.09 Dates

)

1999

40 Air fo lia g e tem p e ra tu re ,
0

30

20

1 2 3 4

10 0 23.05 3.06

8.06 16.06 24.06 3.07

9.07 14.07 29.08 3.09

b) 40 30 20 10 0

2001

1999 () 2001 () ., , Ta (1) , Tf LAI (2) (3) B . (4) .

1.05 11.05 24.05 21.06 2.07 11.07 31.07 12.08 17.08 14.09 Da te s

S o il s u r f a c e t e m p e r a t u re ,

)

1 9 99

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

o

C

1 2 3 4

23 .05

3 .06

8 .0 6

16 .0 6 2 4.0 6

3 .0 7

9.0 7

1 4. 07 2 9 .08

3. 09

b) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

2001

1999 () 2001() ., , Ts g (1), , Tg LAI (2) (3) B . (4) .

1 .0 5 1 1 .0 5 2 4 . 0 5 2 1 .0 6

2.07

1 1 . 0 7 3 1 . 0 7 1 2 .0 8 1 7 . 0 8 1 4 . 0 9 D a te s

60 50 40 30 20 10 0

T emp erat ure,
0

)

1999

c)
50 40 30

2001

1 2 3 4

20 10 0 1.05 19.05 21.06 9.07 31.07 14.08 14.09

23.05 4.06 13.06 20.06 1.07

9.07 15.07 31.08
Dat es

b)
50 40 30 20 10 0 10.05 25.05

2000

4.06

11.06 26.06 17.07

4.08

17.08 12.09

1999 (), 2000 () 2001 () ., , Ts .eff (1), , Ts : LAI B (2), LAI B (3), LAI B (4)

Tveg, Tsoil, Trad, AVHRR/NO AA , MODIS/Terra Tmodis. Tair obs . , , 2003 .
t0 C 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0

t t t t t

ve g ra d s o il m o d is a ir o b s

6 . 0 5 1 4 . 0 5 9 . 0 6 1 4 .0 7 1 5 .0 7 3 0 . 0 7 3 . 0 8 4 .0 8 1 4 .0 8 1 9 . 0 8 1 4 .0 9 1 5 .0 9

, AVHRR/NO AA, Tavhrr, MODIS/Terra, Tmodis LAI B, , Trad cal1 Trad cal2. Tair obs . , 2003 .
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 2 6 . 0 4 7 .0 5 2 4 . 0 5 9 .0 6 1 4 .0 6 2 0 . 0 6 3 .0 7 1 5 . 0 7 2 1 . 0 7 3 0 .0 7 8 . 0 8 1 5 . 0 8 2 0 . 0 8 1 4 . 0 9 2 1 .0 9 t t t t t a ir o b s mo d is ra d c a l1 ra d c a l2 a vhrr

Ev 2003 ., : LA I B (1), LA I B (2), LA I B (3).
12 10 8 6 4 2 0 -25.04 25.04 16.05 6.06 26.06 16.07 6.08 27. 08 16.09 7.10 27.10
Dates
1 2 3

Ev, mm/5d

W, LA I (1) (2) . (3) W, 2003 .
35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 8. 0 4 28 . 0 4 18 . 0 5 8. 0 6 28 . 0 6 18 . 0 7 8 .0 8 28 . 0 8 18 . 09 8. 1 0 30 . 10

W, s m

1 2 3

D a te s

AVHRR/NOAA 13 , ) .

), (1) 14 (2) . (1) (2), , 2003 .

)
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 3 .0 5 8 .0 6 4 .0 7 2 3 .0 7 1 8 .0 8 2 1 .0 9 1
/ 2 0 .0 6 0 0 .0 5 0 0 .0 4 0 0 .0 3 0 0 .0 2 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 0 0

)
1 2

2

3. 05

8. 06

4 .0 7

23 .0 7 1 8. 08 2 1. 09

, AVHRR/NOAA 33 , (N), (W), (S) (W). 2003 .

30 25

20 15 10 5 0 2 6 .0 4 6 .0 5 3 .0 6 1 3.0 6 16 .0 7 2 6 .0 7 2 8 .0 7 1 4.0 8 6 .0 9 9 .0 9 2 5 .0 9 tt2 _ N tt2 _ E tt2 _ S tt2 _ W

:
· 1) AVHRR/NOAA MODIS/Terra T, Tg, Ts.eff, LA I B; 2) - SVAT, , , . LAI B, , T, Tg Ts.eff , . , , SVAT , LAI B .

·