Äîêóìåíò âçÿò èç êýøà ïîèñêîâîé ìàøèíû. Àäðåñ îðèãèíàëüíîãî äîêóìåíòà : http://www.enzyme.chem.msu.ru/ekbio/article/fcell.pdf Äàòà èçìåíåíèÿ: Thu Nov 11 12:19:34 2004 Äàòà èíäåêñèðîâàíèÿ: Mon Oct 1 21:56:26 2012 Êîäèðîâêà: Ïîèñêîâûå ñëîâà: m 81

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1

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H3 BO300HOBJJHeMbiX HCTO'lHHKOB 3HeprHH

THnMT3
(3J1eKrpOJ\)

.

MHKpoopraHH3Mhi
(TOnJlHBO)

Y.neJlhHaJI MOmHOCTh,

2

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0' TOnJlHBa B TOK, 10

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CCLIJI a K

!"f: '

BT/M

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ACCOUHaUHJIKYJlhTYP (opraHHKa .nOHHhIX
OTJlO>KeHHH)

0,01

HeT .naHHhiX

[10]

I
0,012 HeT .naHHhiX [II]

Ee3Me.nHaTopHhIH (rpalllHToBhlH BOHJlOK)

Shewanella

putrefaciens

(CTOKH KpaxMaJIhHOrO npoH3Bo.nCTBa)

Ee3MeJ\HaTopHh1H (rpaIllHT)

Geobacter sulphurreducens (aUeTaT)

0,016

96,8

[12]

CYJlhllIaTBocCTaHaBJlHBaIOmHH AccoUHaUHJI KYJlhTYP (rpalllHT + NiO) (aueTaT) (f)OTOCHHTeTH'IeCKHH Me.nHaTopHhiH (yrJlepo.nHhIH BOHJlOK) ?~i Me.nHaTopHhlit (rpalllHT + MnO2) AKTHBHhlitHJI (rJlIOK03a) Synechococcussp. (CBeT)

0,1

35

[13]

0,3-0,4

2,0-2,5 (no CBeTOBOH 3HeprHH)

[6]

.

0,7

HeT .naHHhIX

[14]

.

Ee3MeJ\HaTOpHhIH (rpaIllHT)

AccoUHaUHJI KYJlhTYP (rJlIOK03a)

3,6

89

[15]

3TOM KOHTeKCTe jlBJIjllOTCjI MT3 Ha OCHOBe reTepoTpOHbIX [5], oTore-repOTpoHblx H TaK HaJbl[6] BaeMblX ce~HMeHTHbIX MHKpoopraHH3MOB [7]; npH 3TOMMT3 MOryr peaJIH30BblBaTbCjIKaK C HCnOJIb30BaHHeM Me~HaTopOB [1], TaK H 6e3 HHX. nOCJIe~Hee CTaJIOB03MO)KHbIM 6JIaro~apjl He~aBHeMY OTKpblTHIO TaKHX 6aKTepHH, KaK Geobacter sulfurreducens [8] HJIH Shewane/la putrefaciens [9], cnoc06HblX HanpjlMYIO nepeHOCHTb3JIeKTpOHblHa aHO~ 3a CqeT JIOKaJIH30BaHHblX BO BHeUIHeH MeM6paHe ~HTOXpOMOB. B Ta6JI. 1 npHBe~eHbl B8)KHeHUIHe napaMeTpbl HaH6oJIee xapaKTepHblX H nepCneKTHBHbIX MT3 Ha OCHOBe B0306HOBmleMbIX HCTOqHHKOB 3HeprHH (pacnOJIO)KeHbl B nopMKe yseJIuqeHHjI y~eJIbHOH MolUHocrn). I1HTepec K ce~HMeHTHbIM MT3 06YCJIOBJIeH TeM, liTO B ~OHHbIX OTJIO)KeHHjlX MopeH, peK H ~pyrHx BO~oeMOB ycTaHaBJIHBaeTCjI oTpH~aTeJIbHbIH OKHCJIHTeJIbHO-BOccTaHOBHTeJIbHbIH nOTeH~HaJI cpe~bl (3a CqeT ~ejlTeJIbHOCTH aHa3p06HOM MHKpOJIOpbl no paJJIO)KeHHIOHaKanJIHBaIOlUHXCjIOpraHHqeCKHX Be~ecTB). npH nOMelUeHHH aHo~a B TaKYIO cpe~y, a KaTo~a - B noBepxHocTHblM (CTHXHMHO a3pHpyeMbIM) CJIOM BO~bl, y)Ke HMeIOlUHMnoJIO)KHTeJIbHbIM nOTeH~aJI, B03HHKalOTYCJIOBHjIWljI reHepa~HH 3JIeKTpH-

qeCKOrO TOKa.BBHlJ.Y 3KCTeHCHBHoro xapaKTepanpo~ecca y~eJJbHM MOlUHOCTh TaKoro MT3 BeCbMaHH3Ka - nOpjl~Ka 0,01 BT/M2 3JIeKTpo~a (CM. Ta6JI. 1), HO, yqHTblBM rpOM8J{Hble 06"beMbl ~OHHbIX OTJIO)KeHHii, KOTOpbleaMepHKaHCKHe HCCJIe~OBaTeJIH ~a)Ke Ha[10] 3blBaIOT HJIbHbIX» KYJIbryp [11, 12], Bbl3BaBUIHeB3pblB HHTepeCaK 3TOH 06JIaCTH, nOKa TaK)Ke 06JI8J{a1OT HeBblCOKOH y~eJIbHOii MOlUHOCTbIO, HX npeHMYlUeCTHO BO 3aKJIIOqaeTCjIB HCKJIIOqHTeJIbHO BblCOKOH 3eKTHBHOCTHKoHBepcHH 3JIeKTpOHOBTOnJIHBa B 3JIeKTpHqeCKHHTOK (CM. Ta6JI, 1). B KaKOH-TO Mepe npOMe)KYTOqHOe nOJIO)KeHHe Me)K.l(y Me~HaTopHbIMH H 6e3Me~HaTopHb1MHKOHCTPYK~HjlMH 3aHHMaeT TaK Ha3blBaeMblM cYJIbaTBocCTaHaBJIHBalOlUHM MT3. npHH~Hn ero pa60Tbl OCHOBaH Ha oc06eHHocTjlX ~blXaHHjI cYJIbaTBoccTaHaBJIHBalOlUHX 6aKTepHM (CBE), nepeHOCjllUHX 3JIeKTpOHbl C opraHHllecKHx HllecKHM aK~enTop cy6CTpaTOB Ha HX cne~HcYJIbaT, BOCCTaHaBJIHBaji

39


KamaJIU3 6 npOMbltUJleHHOCmU. 5. 2004 .JVg

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no Y.l{eJIbHOH MOII(HOCTH (CM. Ta6JI. 1) TaHa nOpjl.l{OK npeBOCXO.l{HT [11, 12], HO ero HeKOHCTPYKQHH C qHCTbIMH «3JIeKKYJIbrypaMH HaKOnJIeHHe 3JIeHHTepMe.l{HaTOB

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u

6

HanpHMep OTXO.l{OB. Ho nOMHMO HaxO.l{R~erOCR nOKa B CTa.l{HH fn1P H3 aHa3pO 6Horo npjlMOrO nOJIYQeHMjI 3JIeKTPO3HeprHH KaK B

6p°)KeHMjI (

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Ke B HaCTOR~ee BpeMjI WHpOKO HCnOJIb3YeTCR Heu npRMOH cnoc06 - aHa3p06HOe C6pa)KHBaHHe opraHHQeCKHX OTXOAOB B 6HoraJ CJIoro raJa) H noJlyqeHHe nOMO~blO raJoreHepaTopOB. HbIM (cMecb MeTaHa H yrJIeKH-

3aTeM.l{0 3,6 BT/M2 3JIeKTpo.l{a [15] (CM. Ta6JI. 1). jlBJIjleTCR C03.l{aHHe TaK Ha3bIBaeMbIX (6YKBaJIbHO XHMHQeCKaR MaWHHa, 3HepreTHQeCKHe racTpop060TOB Bce CBOH pe-

H3 Hero 3JIeK1pO3HeprHH C ECJIH BepHYTbcR K CTOQ-

BO.l{aM, TO COBpeMeHHbIMu TeXHOJIOrHqeCKHM aHa3p~6HOro peaKTopa C BOCXOlJ.jl~HM

P060T C )KeJIY.l{KOM, T.e. 6H03JIeKTpO06eCneQHBalO~ajl HY)K.Z{bI nYTeM C6pa)KHBaHHR

CTaH.l{apTOM J.(JIjI HX 3KOHOMHqHOH OqHCTKH jlBJIReTCR npHMeHeHHe nOTOKOM QepeJ CJIOH rpaflYJIHPOBaHHOro HJIa (UASBpeaKTOp). Cpe.l{HjUI ~O~KTHpyeMaR HarpY3Ka TaKoro peaKTOpa 10 Kr XIIK /(M .cyr), npH 3TOM - 85 % opra~ecKHX 3arpjl3HeHHif nepexoJJ,HT B 6HoraJ (70 % Me3$$eKpasHa TaHa). Y~IBaR CTaH.l{apTHYlO 3$$eKTHBHOCTb raJo-

aJIbHOH nH~H, HCnOJIb3YR MHKpoopraHH3MbI KaK 6HOKaTaJIH3aTopbI) [4]. B OTJIHQHe OT 06bIQHbIX P060TOB, HY)K.l{alO~HXCR B nepHO.l{HQeCKOH nepe3apjl.l{Ke CBOHX 6aTapeH OT cTaQHOHapHbIx HCTOQHHKOB 3JIeKTP03HeprHH HJIH COJIHQa, racTpop060TbI RBJIRIOTCR He3aMeHHMbIMH .l{JIjI ocy~eCTBJIeHHjI aBTOHOMHbIX (6e3 npHCYTCTBHjI QeJIOBeKa) 3a.l{aHHH,

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lJ,pymMH CJIOBaMH(nocJIe nepeCQeTa

HanpHMep B 6e3JIIO.l{HbIX, .l{HKHX HJIH onaCHbIX yrOJIKaX 3eMJIH. B 3apy6e)KHOH JIHTeparype TaKHe MHCCHH nOJIYQHJIH Ha3BaHHe «3anycTHTb H 3a6bITb». KOHeQHO, CO3.l{aHHe TaKHX MaWHH conpR)KeHO C peweHHeM BeCbMa H BeCbMa HeTpHBHaJIb-

B 60JIee nOHjlTHbIe paJMepHoCTH), y.l{eJIbHaR MOmHOCTh UASB-peaKTOpa COCTaBmIeT ~ 0,5 KBT/M3 (Ta6JI. 2). Me)KJlY TeM .l{a)Ke H~HH H3 JIa60paropHbIX MT3,

I XHMH'IeCKOe nOTpe6J1eHHe KHCJlOpO.l{a.

40


DUOKamallU3

Ta6JIHQa lloKa3aTeJlo npHMoro 0 HenpHMoro MOKpo60oJlOrOlfeCKox 03 OTXO~OB MeTO~OB

2

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TaK M C 3KOHOM~eCKOH TOqeK 3peHMJI [14]. Ho TaK KaK HayqHO-TeXH~eCKMH nporpecc MT3 He CTOMTHa Mecre, 3TOT B npMH~Mne TaKMe )Ke, Bonpoc ~OJDKeH 6blTb BCKope pellIeH. KaTO~HbIe np06JIeMbI KaK M l1.JlJl 60JIbllIMHCTBa XMMMQeCKMX TOllJIMBHbIX

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41


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1. CPeoopo6uIl B.B., Ma:J/Cumo6 7:0., KaJllO:JICHb/u II C.B. KaTaJIH3 npoM-cTH.2004. NQ1. C. 29. B 2. Potter M.C. II Proc. Roy. Soc. 1912. Vol. 84. P. 260. 3. Bennetto H.P. Microbial fuel cell. Life Science Report. H arwoo.. A cadernlC U., 1984 V o. 2 ..P 363. d . P bl .1 lk . t 4 . WI. mson. S II A uonornous R0b0t s. 2000 . Vol ., 9 P. 99. 5. Delaney G.M, Bennetto H.P. et al. II J. Chern. Technol. Biotechnol. 1984. Vol. 34. P. 13. 6. Tsujimura S., Wadano A., Kano K., Ikeda T. II Enzyme.

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