Документ взят из кэша поисковой машины. Адрес оригинального документа : http://www.izmiran.rssi.ru/magnetism/Feldstein_2012/PDF/421.pdf Дата изменения: Fri Mar 27 12:46:24 2009 Дата индексирования: Mon Oct 1 21:29:20 2012 Кодировка: Поисковые слова: http astrokuban.info astrokuban

Eos, Vol. 88, No. 44, 30 October 2007

M AN
PAGE 460

E N O

E T UNC

I E M

N EN

G TS

28 ­ 3 0 November 20 07 50t h A n niver s a r y of t he Globa l C a rbon Diox ide Recor d Sy m p o s iu m a nd Celebr at ion, Kona, Hawa ii, USA . Sp on s or s: NOA A; S cr ipp s In s t it ut ion of O ce a nog r aphy ; Pe abo dy E ner g y C or p; ot her s . ( M. Ma rqui s , NOA A / E SR L , 325 Broadway, B oulder, C olo., USA; Tel.: +3 03 -497-4 4 87; Fa x: +3 03 -497-69 51; E - ma il: Melinda.Ma rqui s@noa a.gov ; Web site: ht t p:// w w w.co2conference.or g)

T hi s conference br in g s toget her le ader s of bu sine s s , gover nment, a nd s cience to di s cu s s t he globa l CO2 re cord, climate cha n ge, a nd what i s ne eded f rom f ut ure CO2 me a surement s y s tem s to monitor t he ef ficacy of miti gation ef for t s . T he conference w ill include a key note speech by U. S. Nat iona l Ac ademy of S cience s pre sident R a lph Cicerone a nd pre s ent at ion s a nd pa nel s fo cu sin g on a r a n ge of concer n s . 26 ­28 Febr ua r y 20 0 8 Sy mp o s iu m on Meteor olog y: Me s o s c a le Meteor olog y a nd

Dat a A s similat ion, Nor ma n, Ok la homa, USA . Sp on s or s: Univer sit y of Ok la homa; Chine s e Ac ademy of S cience s; Nat ur a l S cience Foundat ion of China; ot her s . ( P. L a mb; Tel.: +1- 40 5 - 325 - 3 0 41; E - ma il: pla mb@ou.edu; Web site: ht t p://conferencepro s .or g /CIMMS/ Inter nat iona lMeterolog y Sy mp o sium.ht m) T he goa l s of t he fir s t U. S.- China s y mp o sium on mete orolog y a re to define t he s t ate of k nowled ge for me soscale mete orolog y and data a s similation, a nd to ident if y t he mo s t imp or t a nt cha llen ge s for t he nex t de c ade. Topic s include ob s er vat ion s of me soscale phenomena; the or y of me soscale phenomena; a nd conne ct ion s bet we en me s o s c a le phenomena, re giona l climate, a nd la r ger scale circulat ion.

LETTERS
Comment on "Amateur Observations of Atmospheric Phenomena During the IGY"
PAGE 460
Following the ar ticle by SchrЖder [20 07], we point out the key role s played by several Rus sian scientist s in the planning and imple mentation of obser vations of aurorae dur ing the Inter national Geophysical Year (IGY ). The leader of the program and the organizer of the visual obser vational network in the USSR was Nikolay V. Pushkov (1903 ­1981), director of the Institute of Terrestrial Magne tism, Ionosphere, and Radio Wave Propagation (IZMIR AN, Troit sk, Rus sia, now called the Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magne tism, Ionosphere, and Radiowave Propagation). A s a member of the Comite Special de lґAnnee Geophysique Internationale (CSAGI), Pushkov was actively involved in the incep tion of the international program of visual obser vations of aurorae that was accepted for the period of the IGY. B y t he be g innin g of t he IGY, P u s h kov had pr ep a r e d a c a mp a i g n t hat incor p o rate d aur orae ob ser v at ions by volunte er s , a mateur a s t r onomer s , a nd me te or olo g i s t s f r om 62 0 lo c at ion s w it hin t he U S S R a nd had e s t abli s he d a g r oup at I Z MIR A N to col le ct , s y stemat iz e, and anal y z e v i sual ob serv at ion s . A s p e cia l s y s tem of Wor ld Dat a C enter s ( W D C ) wa s cr e ate d for t he inter national e xc hange of ob ser v at iona l data obt a ine d in v a r iou s count r ie s . One of t he univer s a l W D C s for s ola r - ter r e s t r ia l phy s ic s ( W D C - B2 for S T P) wa s ba s e d in Mo s cow, w it h a not her ( W D C - A) ba s e d in t he Unite d S t ate s . P u s h kov, who s up er v i s e d t he W D C B2 , t hou g ht t hat t he ef for t s of t he Wor ld Dat a C enter could be s ucce s s f ul if s p e cia l i s t s f r om dif fer ent br a nc he s of t he S T P p a r t icip ate d in it s act iv it y. T hu s , he or ga ni z e d W D C - B2 a s a n I Z MI R A N de p a r t me nt s t a f fe d by I Z MIR A N s cient i s t s . The August 1958 CSAGI assembly in Moscow recommended compiling auroral indices and visoplots (tabular plots that take into account the three coordinates involved in auroral obser vations: time, longitude, and latitude) in eight longitudinal sectors, including three sectors on geomagnetic longitudes of 100°­235° at WDC-B2. The total visoplots summar y was published in Annales of the IGY (I.G.Y. Auroral visoplots, edited by B. McInnes, vol. 29, Pergamon, 1964). S er gei I. I s ayev (19 0 6 ­1976) wa s a pio n e e r o f v i s ua l o b s e r v a t i o n s o f au r o r a e i n t h e U S S R . I s ay e v t o o k p a r t i n o b s e r v a t i o n s in 1932 ­193 3 of aur or ae a nd ge oma g ne t ic f ield v a r iat ion s in t he aur or a l z one at ge o ma g ne t ic lat it ude s ~6 5° durin g t he S e cond Inter nat iona l Pola r Ye a r at t he Mato c h k in Sha r ob s er v ator y in t he Nov ay a Z eml y a a r c hip ela go. He a l s o p a r t icip ate d in e x p e dit ion s t hat ob s er ve d aur or ae in t he Kola Penin s ula in nor t her n Ru s s ia in 19 4 8 ­19 49, and he to ok an active p a r t in t he pr ep arat ion for public at ion of t he new I nte r n a tion a l Au r o ra l Atl a s ( E dinbur g h, Univer sit y P r e s s , 19 6 3). T his at la s with photo g raph s

of dif fer ent aur or ae wa s compile d ba s e d on t heir new cla s s if ic at ion. Alexander I. Lebedinsky directed photographic aurorae observations in the USSR during the IGY. In 1948­1950, Lebedinsky built and used novel equipment that allowed for automatically photographing the sky ever y minute with all-sky cameras (C-180, providing 180° coverage of the sky) and patrol spectrographs C-180 -S (see Annales of the IGY, 11, 133­144, 1961). Equipment of this type was widely used during the IGY at dozens of USSR stations in the Arctic and Antarctic. At the CSAGI assembly in Moscow, it was recommended that the IGY annals should include a volume dedicated to all-sky camera data in the form of ascaplots (diagrams that summarize the information recorded on ascafilms, all-sky camera auroral films). This time-consuming work involved watching hundreds of kilometers of film and was carried out jointly by groups at Moscow University and IZMIRAN; results were published in Annales of the IGY (I.G.Y. Ascaplots, edited by W. Stoffregen, vol. 20, parts 1 and 2, Pergamon, 1962). Ascaplots fulfilled the goal, planned by S. Chapman prior to the beginning of the IGY, of building isoauroral contour maps (i.e., lines of equal frequency of auroral appearance in the zenith). The analysis of observations material included in the ascaplots and ascafilms led to the appearance of a new paradigm--the auroral oval, which is the region with the most frequent appearance of aurorae, located during day hours ~10° nearer to the geomagnetic pole than during night hours.

Reference
SchrЖder, W. (2007), Amateur observations of atmospheric phenomena during the IGY, Eos Trans. AGU, 88(12), 141­143. --YASHA I. FELDSTEIN, IZMIRAN, Troitsk, Russia; E-mail: aifeld@aol.com; and LEONID S.YEVLASHIN, Polar Geophysical Institute, Apatity, Russia.