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Proposal Identification No.:

A3025 Arecibo Observatory

Date Received: 2015-Sep-01 14:11:13 William E. Gordon Telescope Observing Time Request COVER SHEET

Section I - General Information
Submitted for Sep 1 2015. This proposal has not been submitted before. Proposal Type: General Category: Observation Category: Time Requested this semester: Hours already used for this pro ject: Additional Hours required to complete pro ject: Minimum Useful Time: Expected Data Storage: Prop osal Title: ABSTRACT: Regular Astronomy Galactic 62 h 0 2h less than 100 GB

Probing Dark Gas and Cloud Chemical Evolution toward Transition Clouds

Results from dust observations of Planck all-sky mission and gamma-ray observations of Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) have revealed the existence of "CO dark molecular gas" (DMG) - molecular gas without CO emission. CH is a precursor species leading to CO formation. CH column density is predicted to vary linearly as molecular hydrogen (H2) column density. We propose CH emission/absorption toward 21 Millennium sources to derive CH physical properties including exicitation temperature and column density. Then we propose to observe 9 DMG clouds, selected from our combined analysis of GOTC+ C+ emission and HI self-absorption, to derive CH abundances in DMG clouds with different physical environments. The knowledge we gain from this program could potentially help reveal CH physical properties and establish CH along with ionized carbon as tracers of DMG in diffuse molecular cloud. Outreach Abstract: Interstellar medium (ISM) is the cradle of star formation. Atomic hydrogen and carbon monoxide are used to trace the ma jority of ISM. There arises a lot of evidences of dark molecular gas (DMG) that can not be traced by atomic hydrogen and carbon monoxide emission. Methylidyne radical CH is considered as valid tracer of DMG. We propose to observe CH emission/absorption toward 21 continuum sources to derive CH physical properties and 9 DMG clouds to derive CH abundances in DMG clouds with different physical environments. These observations are critical for our understanding of ISM evolution and star formations.

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Name Ningyu Tang

Di Li

Institution National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences

E-mail nytang@nao.cas.cn

Phone (+86) 18811731183

Student G

dili@nao.cas.cn

(+86) 01064806305

no

Additional Authors
Carl Heiles heiles@astro.berkeley.edu Nannan Yue yuenannan0907@gmail.com Graduate Duo Xu xuduo117@163.com Graduate

This work is part of a PhD thesis.

Remote Observing Request

Observer will travel to AO X Remote Observing In Absentia (instructions to operator)

Section I I - Time Request
The following times are in LST. For these observations night-time is not needed.

Begin ­ End Interval­Interval 18:00 ­ 21:00 03:00 ­ 07:00 22:30 ­ 03:00 ­

Days Needed at This Interval 8 8 1

Time Constraints (Must Be Justified in the Prop osal Text) 2


Section I I I - Instruments Needed
S-high Atmospheric Observation Instruments:

Sp ecial Equipment or setup:

none

Section IV - RFI Considerations Frequency Ranges Planned
3325-3355

Section V - Observing List Target List
G036.4-0.5 18:59:31.2 2:50:33.4 18:10:39 19:49:59 G036.4-1.0 19:01:18.0 2:36:50.5 18:13:39 19:50:33 G038.9-1.0 19:05:59.4 4:52:59.2 18:07:52 20:05:42 G045.3+0.5 19:12:30.5 11:14:17.7 17:57:10 20:29:21 G049.1+0.0 19:21:39.4 14:23:30.6 18:01:53 20:42:54 G050.4+1.0 19:20:29.1 15:59:19.1 17:59:18 20:43:07 G055.5+1.0 19:30:41.6 20:28:57.6 18:08:19 20:54:28 G073.6+1.0 20:12:52.4 35:59:32.0 19:34:20 20:52:39 G207.2-1.0 06:37:19.9 4:40:04.2 05:40:16 07:36:02 3C105 04:07:21.5 3:41:23.1 03:14:17 05:02:05 3C109 04:13:40.5 11:12:08.8 02:58:30 05:30:35 3C123 04:37:04.2 29:40:14.2 03:27:21 05:48:46 3C131 04:53:22.8 31:29:24.9 03:49:30 05:59:17 3C132 04:56:42.7 22:49:20.6 03:35:39 06:19:40 3C133 05:02:58.2 25:16:24.3 03:44:24 06:23:27 3C154 06:13:48.4 26:04:33.4 04:56:21 07:33:11 3C167 06:45:16.1 5:31:37.1 05:44:56 07:47:15 3C18 00:40:49.8 10:03:22.3 23:27:43 01:55:37 3C207 08:40:46.9 13:12:23.8 07:22:38 10:00:37 3C409 20:14:27.5 23:34:52.9 18:53:47 21:36:31 3C410 20:20:05.6 29:42:06.5 19:10:13 21:31:18 3C454.3 22:53:57.2 16:08:55.3 21:32:42 00:16:49 3C75 02:57:43.6 6:02:42.7 01:55:19 04:01:49 4C13.67 18:37:30.0 13:30:41.3 17:18:45 19:57:42 4C22.12 06:03:51.6 22:00:56.3 04:42:16 07:27:19 G196.6+0.2 06:21:41.1 14:32:12.6 05:01:58 07:43:10 G197.0+1.1 06:25:46.0 14:40:19.5 05:05:55 07:47:23 P0428+20 04:31:02.9 20:37:36.2 03:08:56 05:55:01 T0526+24 05:29:09.6 25:00:51.1 04:10:15 06:50:00 T0629+10 06:32:14.9 10:22:01.4 05:18:44 07:47:29

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