New publication of Biazrov (Byazrov) Lev Georgievich "Lichens as indicators of radioactive contamination"
BIAZROV (BYAZROV) Lev Georgievich.
LICHENS AS INDICATORS OF RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION. – Moscow: KMK Sci. Press Ltd. 2005. - 476 p. Figs 2; tabs 57. Referenses 729 sources.
The monograph generalizes results of own researches of the author, and also accessible published materials about use of the lichens in the control of radioactive contamination, one of most dangerous kinds of contamination to health of people and other representatives of biota. This factor of influence on environment of inhabit has got planetary scale in middle 20 centuries as a consequence of wide use of nuclear power in the military and peace purposes. The special attention is given to methodical problems. At the same time book contains the items of information general character: a place of radioecology in fundamental ecology; sources of radionuclides, types of radiation, various interpretation of lichen symbiosis, structure of lichens, their life forms, pattern of lichen physiology etc.
The numerous data are resulted on accumulation in lichen thalli as natural and man-made radionuclides in various regions of our planet. The results of numerous laboratory and field experiments on revealing a degree of resistance of lichens to influence of a radioactive irradiation, long-term monitoring of global fallout of radionuclides from the aboveground nuclear tests, and also activity of the facilities of a nuclear-fuel cycle, N.P.P., T.E.P.S. are shown. There are the data on study of consequences of the use of depleted uranium ordnance by armies of NATO during the Kosovo conflict. Significant volume of the book is occupied with materials describing influence of the Chernobyl N.P.P. accident on various regions of the Earth. The advantages and disadvantages of lichens as indicators of radioactive contamination are shown.
Key words: lichens, radioecology, nuclear power, global fallout, radionuclides, contamination, bioindicators, Chernobyl, accidents, nuclear facilities
The contents
Introduction
1. Is brief about ecology and radiation ecology
2. Ionizing radiation, radionuclides, their sources
2.1. Radionuclides, kinds of ionizing radiation, unit of its measurement
2.2. Sources of a radioactivity in biosphere
2.2.1. Natural radiation background
2.2.2. Man-made radionuclides
3. Concept " the lichens", patterns of their biology and ecology
3.1. Mycobionts
3.2. Photobionts
3.3. The mycobiont-photobiont relation in lichen thallus
3.4. Formation of a lichen vegetative body (thallus)
3.5. Taxonomy
3.6. Types of thalli and life forms of lichens
3.7. Substratum
3.8. Light, heat
3.9. Water relation, photosynthesis, respiration of lichens
3.10. Trapping and uptake by lichens of mineral and organic elements, their accumulation and
loss; toxicity of elements
3.10.1. Contents of mineral elements in lichen thalli
3.10.2. Nutrient requirements
3.10.3. Sources of elements
3.10.3.1. Atmospheric sources
3.10.3.2. Substrate sources
3.10.4. Mechanisms of accumulation
3.10.4.1. Exchange of ions
3.10.4.2. Intracellular uptake
3.10.4.3. Trapping the airborne particles
3.10.5. Localization of elements in thallus
3.10.5.1. Distribution of radionuclides in thallus
3.10.5.2. Release of accumulated radionuclides from lichen thalli
3.10.6. Study of deposition of various pollutants with the help of lichens
3.10.7. Toxicity of metals, radionuclides
3.10.8. Tolerance to metals
3.10.9. Influence on hydrological cycles
3.10.9.1. Connection of a mineral nutrition with a water exchange
3.10.10. A mineral cycle at a biogeocoenose level: interception of dry and wet depositions
3.10.11. Pedogenesis
3.11. The growth rates of lichens; duration of life
3.12. A geographical situation, topography of site
3.13. A competition, mutual relation with others organisms
3.14. Influence of activity of the man. Use of lichen by the man
4. Methods of study of lichen radioecology
5. Resistance of lichens to action of ionizing radiation
5.1. Data of experiments in natural communities
5.1.1. Experiment on Long-Island
5.1.2. Experiment on the Emori gamma-field
5.1.3. Experiment in a broad-leaved forest in the Enterprise
5.1.4. Experiment in a tropical rain forest in El Verde, Puerto Rico
5.1.5. Experiment in a broad-leaved forest of Oak Ridge National laboratory reserve
5.2. Data of experiments in laboratories
5.2.1. Experiments with a gamma-irradiation
5.2.2. Experiments for study of patterns of uptake and loss of radionuclides by lichens
5.3. Supervision on the East-Urals radioactive trace (EURT)
5.4. Supervision on the Semipalatinsk nuclear test plot
5.5. Why lichens are resistant to action of high dozes of ionizing radiation
6. Natural radionuclides in lichen thalli
7. Uranium - 235 in ordnance and in lichens (lichen indication of consequences of Kosovo conflict)
8. Radionuclides of global fallout in lichens
9. Lichen indication of consequences of "peace" nuclear explosions and accidents of aircrafts
with nuclear reactors
9.1. Lichen indication of consequences of nuclear explosions for civilian purposes
9.2. Lichen indication of consequences of accidents of aircrafts with the nuclear weapon or
nuclear reactors
10. Lichens in monitoring a condition of environment of territories around of nuclear power
plants and thermal electric stations
10.1. Lichen indication of consequences of activity N.P.P.
10.2. Lichen indication of consequences of activity T.E.P.S.
11. Radionuclides in lichens after accident on Chernobyl N.P.P.
11.1. Radionuclides in lichens in territory close by Chernobyl N.P.P.
11.2. Radionuclides of Chernobyl N.P.P. in lichens of other territories USSR
11.3. Radionuclides in lichens outside territory USSR after accident on Chernobyl N.P.P.
11.3.1. Radionuclides in lichens of Scandinavia and Greenland
11.3.2. Radionuclides in lichens of the countries of East Europe
11.3.3. Radionuclides in lichens of the countries of Central Europe
11.3.4. Radionuclides in lichens of the countries of Western and Southern Europe
11.3.5. Radionuclides in lichens of northern Greece and Asia Minor
11.3.6. Radionuclides in lichens of East Asia and Himalayas
11.3.7. Radionuclides in lichens of Northern America
11.3.8. Radionuclides in lichens of Antarctic Region
12. Lichen indication of activity of the enterprises of a nuclear-fuel cycle and metal works, items
of the plants for remaking radioactive waste products
12.1. Lichen indication of radioactive contamination territory around of the enterprises of a
nuclear-fuel cycle
12.2. Lichen indication of radioactive pollution of territory of the plant for remaking and
conservation of low-radioactive waste products
12.3. Lichen indication of radioactive contamination of territory around enterprises of a metal
works
The Conclusion
References and authors's index
The index of the latin names of taxons mentioned in the text and tables
The index of isotopes mentioned in the text and the tables
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