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Index 241
A
AB magnitude 111
aberration correction
(see "sperical aberration")
ACOADD (see STSDAS)
actuated fold mirrors 5, 23
ADC (see "analog­to­digital con­
verter")
ADT­GAIN 25
AFMs (see "actuated fold mir­
rors")
Ammonia heat pipe 24
analog­to­digital converter 14, 25
AP­17 27, 29
aperture photometry 118
apertures 60
definitions 61
filter combinations 60
position updates 158
Application Processor (see
"AP­17")
AREA mode 32, 129
artifacts
blooming 27, 66, 67
bright object 66
CCD, image 66
diffraction spikes 32, 68
field flattener ghosts 100
filter ghosts 100
horizontal smearing 67
large angle scattering 99, 147
residual image 68
scattering of bright Earth light
144
astrometry 194
image scale 103
B
background
dark count rates 72
sky 113
bandpass
effective width 108
BD+75D325 192
bias frame
calibration 169
blooming 27, 66
breathing 92
bright objects
avoidance regions 149
CCD artifacts 66
observing strategies 144
Bruzual, Persson, Gunn, Stryker
atlas 172
BSC (see "Yale Bright Star Cata­
log")
C
calibration
astrometry 194
bias 169
reference files 74
charge transfer efficiency (CTE)
183, 192
dark
reference files 75, 169
Earthcalib 168
flat field 168, 180
flux 171
linear ramp filters 45, 194
observations 167, 175, 185
pipeline process 170
plan
Cycle 5 175
Cycle 6 185
Index

242 Index
point spread function 183, 193
polarizers 184, 194
proposal numbers 177, 186
5205 99
5481 193
5560 185
5562 181
5563 179
5564 179
5568 179, 181, 182, 183
5570 180
5571 180
5572 191
5574 184
5611 99
5615 99
5629 179
5645 183
5646 183
5655 181
5659 183
5663 178
5778 192
6140 184
6142 180
6143 179
6179 177, 191
6182 178
6183 179
6184 179
6186 179, 192
6187 180, 190
6188 181
6189 181
6190 182
6191 182
6192 183, 192
6193 183, 193
6194 184
6195 184
6250 185, 188
6902 186
6903 187
6904 187
6905 187, 188
6906 188
6907 189, 195
6908 190
6909 190
6934 190
6935 191
6936 192
6937 192
6938 193
6939 194
6940 194
6941 185, 194
6942 185, 195
6943 185, 195
reference files 167
sky flats 169
StarView 167
STSDAS 170
calibration channel 33
CALWP2 (see STSDAS)
camera format 20
CCD 3, 63
34­row defect 70
back illuminated 13
blooming 27, 66
bright object artifacts 66
charge transfer efficiency
long­term degradation 79
problem 69
charge trapping 69
clearing 30
description 3
DQE 4
dynamic range 65
epitaxial thickness 75
field­of­view plot 62
flat field 4
flat field response 70
front­side illuminated 63
full well capacity 65
gain 4, 14
gamma 82
hot pixels 79
image purge 4
MTF 4, 14, 85
(see also "pixel response func­
tion")
vs. WF/PC­1 14

Index 243
multi­pinned phase 32, 63, 64
orientation 31, 62
over­clocked pixels 32
pixel response 91, 92
polysilicon gate 13
quantization noise 4, 14
quantum efficiency 24
quantum efficiency hysteresis
4, 70
radiation damage 79
read noise 3, 82
readout 31
readout time 30
recombination length 75
residual image
bulk residual image 68
CTE trails 82
residual image artifact 68
saturation 144
silicon band­gap 25
Si­SiO2 interface 63
sub­pixel QE variations 92
thick 13
undersampling 21
WFPC2 13
charge transfer efficiency (CTE)
4, 13, 14, 80
calibration 183, 192
long­term degradation 79
problem 69
residual image trails 82
CLOCKS 27, 67, 145, 153
CMD_EXP 29
coarse track 159
cold junction 24
color transformation 172
contamination
control 14
WF/PC­1 14
WFPC2 4, 137
continous viewing zone
cooldown 138
cosmic rays 75, 151, 155
count rate
dark current 116
sky 114
target 111
Cousins RI 171
CR­SPLIT 26, 76, 151, 154
CR­TOLERANCE 26, 151, 154
CTE (see "charge transfer effi­
ciency")
CVZ (see "continuous viewing
zone")
D
dark 116
dark current 24, 71
cosmic­ray induced
scintillation 73
electronic 72
dark frame
calibration 169
DARKTIME 73
data quality file 171
data set
contents 170
Delta Cas 99
detector MTF (see "CCD MTF")
Deuterium lamp 33
diffraction spikes 32
dimensionless efficiency 108
distortion
optical 103
dithering 30, 155
accuracy 156
strategies 155
DITHER­TYPE 156
DQE
CCD 4, 107
DQF (see "data quality file") 171
dripping and drizzling 156
dynamic range 25, 26
CCD 65
E
EARTH­CALIB 168
efficiency
dimensionless 108
emission line targets
observation strategies 166

244 Index
encircled energy 85, 119
Epsilon Eridani 99
ETC (see "Exposure Time Calcu­
lator")
example 132
EXPEND 29
EXPFLAG 29
exposure
overhead time 29, 153
timing 26
accuracy 27
CCD clearing 30
CCD readout 30
dithering 30
filter change 29
spacial scans 30
exposure time 27
advice 152
anomalies 28
CLOCKS=YES 28
estimation 122
quantized values 27
Exposure Time Calculator 110,
125
emission lines 135
extended sources 132
stars 125
stars with background 128
EXPSTART 29
EXPTIME 29, 171
F
faint objects
observing near bright objects
146
observing strategies 143
FGS (see "Fine Guidance Sen­
sor")
field flattener 25
field­of­view 20
orientation on sky 160
filter change 29, 153
filters (see "optical filters")
Fine Guidance Sensor 156, 158,
159
breathing effects 92
Fine Lock 92, 159
FK5 (Julian) reference frame 157
flat field
calibration 168
CCD 4
quality 14
sky flats 169
response 70
flux calibration 171
FULL mode 32
full well capacity 65
G
gain 82
CCD 4, 14
ghost images
field flattener 100
filter ghost 100
PC1 diffraction stray light 151
PC1 direct stray light 150
GRW+70D5824 138, 178, 179,
191, 194
gyro hold 159
H
HDF (see Hubble Deep Field)
header keywords
CMD_EXP 29
DARKTIME 73
EXPEND 29
EXPFLAG 29
EXPSTART 29
EXPTIME 29, 73, 171
PHOTFLAM 171
PHOTZPT 171
SHUTTER 29
UEXPODUR 29
heat pipe 24
history
instrument development 11
hot junction 24
hot pixels 79, 155
Hubble Deep Field 156, 159
I
image purge

Index 245
CCD 4
incandescent lamps 33
instrument
configuration 1, 20
description 21
objectives 19
optical filters 35
INT ACQ 157
Investigation Definition Team 12
J
jitter 92
Johnson UBVRI 171
K
Kelsall spots 23, 185
K­spots (see "Kelsall spots")
L
lamps
Deuterium 33
incandescent 33
large angle scattering 99, 147
linear ramp filters 40
calculator tool 165
calibration 194
observing with 165
using POS TARGs 165
loss of guide star lock 27
LOW­SKY 113, 143
LRF (see "linear ramp filters")
Lumogen 3, 4, 25, 64
M
M67 191
magnitude
AB 111
determining 171
Johnson­Cousins 172, 178
Oke system 112
STMAG 172
StrÆmgren 191
mean wavelength 36, 108
measles
WF/PC­1 14
methane quad filter 53
METRIC (see STSDAS)
mode
AREA 32, 129
FULL 32
SUM=2x2
MPP (see "multi­pinned phase")
multi­pinned phase 32, 63
N
NGC 2100 191
NGC 2419 193
NGC 2682 (see "M67")
NGC 4472 195
NGC 5139 (see "Omega Cen")
noise
background 115
CCD read noise 3, 82
dark current 4
quantization 4, 14, 117
NSSC­1 27
O
observing strategies
bright targets 144
CCD position and orientation on
sky 159
choosing exposure times 152
cosmic rays 151
dithering 155
emission lines in galaxy nuclei
166
faint objects 143
faint targets near bright objects
146
linear ramp filters 165
pointing accuracy 157
polarization 162
Omega Cen 138, 184, 191, 194
on­line calculator (see "Exposure
Time Calculator")
optical alignment 5
optical filters 35
aperture combinations 60
broad band 40

246 Index
features 35
linear ramp 40
mean wavelength 36
methane quad 53
narrow band 2
OII redshifted quad 49
polarizer quad 50, 162
red leaks 57
simple 36
spectral response 40, 45
transmission curves 36
UV quad 49
Wood's 35, 54
Optical Telescope Assembly 22,
25, 32
breathing 92
effect on PSF subtraction 147
focus adjustments 147
optics
actuated fold mirrors 5, 23, 90
Cassegrain relay 5
diffraction spikes 32
distortion 103
field flattener 25
image scale 103
pick­off mirror 5, 22, 23, 90
impact on polarization 162
pyramid mirror 1, 22, 32
relay 1
spherical abberation 22
wavefront quality 90
ORIENT 160
avoiding bloom track 146
how to compute 160
OTA (see "Optical Telescope As­
sembly")
over­clocked pixels 32
overexposure
CCD artifacts 67
overhead time 29
P
PCS MODE 159
PHOTFLAM 171
photometry
accuracy 27
breathing 97
encircled energy 85, 119
focus adjustments 97
ghosts 100
orbital variations 97
sub­pixel response 92
system throughput 25
zeropoint 171
PHOTZPT 171
pick­off mirror 5, 22, 23, 90
pipeline calibration 170
pivot wavelength 108
pixel response 92
pixel response function 4, 14, 91
(see also "CCD MTF")
plate scale 103
PODPS 167
point spread function 19, 85
astigmatism
in PC1 99, 147
in WFC 95
breathing 92
calibration 183, 193
encircled energy 85
fitting 115
jitter 92
loss of lock 27
model PSF 92
subtraction 146
variation with field position 95
variations with time 97
pointing
accuracy 157
jitter 92
repeatability 159
polarizers
calibration 184, 194
observation strategies 162
quad filter 50
POS TARG 30, 165
PSF (see "point spread function")
pyramid mirror 1, 22, 32
Q
QEH (see "quantum efficiency
hysteresis")

Index 247
quantization
CCD 4, 14
noise 117
quantum efficiency 3, 24
quantum efficiency hysteresis 4,
13, 70
R
radiation damage 79
RBI (see "residual bulk image")
READ 33
read noise 3, 82
red leaks
UV filters 57, 137
reference files
bias 74
calibration 167
dark 75
reference frame
FK4 157
FK5 157
relay optics 1
residual bulk image 68
residual image
CTE trails 82
resolution 20
S
SAO catalog 157
scale
pixel scale 103
scattering
large angle 99
Selectable Optical Filter
Assembly 2, 35
serial clocks 27
Servicing Mission Observatory
Verification 12
sharpness 116
SHUTTER 29
shutter 26
shutter blade encoder 26
signal­to­noise ratio (see "SNR
estimation")
Si­SiO2 interface 63
sky background 113
sky flats 169
SLTV (see "thermal vacuum test")
smearing
CCD artifacts 67
SMOV (see "Servicing Mission
Observatory Verification")
SNR estimation 115
aperture photometry 118, 124
examples 123, 125
aperture photometry 124
emission lines 129
extended sources 129
point source with galaxy 127
point sources 123
PSF fitting 123
SNR tables 125
extended sources 119
galaxies 121
point sources 115
tables 223
SOFA (see "selectable optical fil­
ter assembly")
spacecraft computer (see "NS­
SC­1")
spatial scans 30
spectral index 112
spherical aberration 12
correction 5, 13, 22
effects 85
standard stars (see star name)
StarView
retrieving calibration files 167
STMAG 172
STSDAS
ACOADD 156
calibration 170
CALWP2 170
METRIC 158
SYNPHOT 107
UCHCOORD 158
WARMPIX 155
sub­pixel QE variations 92
SUM=2x2 (see "AREA mode")
SYNPHOT 107, 171, 178

248 Index
T
tapes
files on 170
TEC (see "thermo­electric cool­
er")
telescope alignment (definition)
29
thermal vacuum test 12
thermo­electric cooler 24
cold junction 24
hot junction 24
throughput 107
system 25
UV
time dependence 137
TIM 92, 193
TinyTIM 92, 148, 193
tracking modes 159
Trauger, J. T. 12
U
U3 axis 160
UCHCOORD (see STSDAS)
UEXPODUR 29
undersampling 21, 75, 155
UV
imaging 4
throughput
time dependence 137
UV filters
red leaks 57, 137
V
V2,V3 system 159
Vega 99, 171
VEGAMAG 172
W
WARMPIX (see STSDAS) 155
wavefront quality 90
Zernike coefficients 91
wavelength
mean 108
pivot 108
Weibull function 78
Westphal, J. A. 11
WF/PC­1 11, 14, 64, 75
analog­to­digital converter 14
CCDs 13
charge transfer efficiency 13
contamination 14
entry port 14
flat field quality 14
quantum efficiency hysteresis
13
Wide Field and Planetary Camera
(see WP/PC­1)
window (see "field flattener")
Wood's filters 35, 54
WWW
exposure time calculator 110
LRF calculator tool 165
photometric monitoring 139
X
XCAL 107, 172
Y
Yale Bright Star Catalog 157
Z
Zeolite 5, 15
Zernike coefficients 91