STScI Preprint #1332

The HST Survey of BL Lac Objects: Gravitational Lens Candidates and Other Unusual Sources

We present HST observations of seven unusual objects from the HST "snapshot survey" of BL Lac objects, of which four are gravitational lens candidates. In three cases a double point sources is observed: 0033+595, with 1.58 arcsec separation, and 0502+675 and 1440+122, each with ~ 0.3 arcsec separation. The last two also show one or more galaxies, which could be either host or lensing galaxies. If any are confirmed as lenses, these BL Lac objects are excellent candidates for measuring H₀ via gravitational time delay because of their characteristic rapid, high amplitude variability. An additional advantage is that, like other blazars, they are likely superluminal radio sources, in which case the source plane is mapped out over a period of years, providing strong additional constraints on the lensing mass distribution. The fourth gravitational lens candidate is 1517+656, which is surrounded by three arclets forming an almost perfect ring of radius 2.4 arcsec. If this is indeed an Einstein ring, it is most likely a background source gravitationally lensed by the BL Lac object host galaxy and possibly a surrounding group or cluster. In the extreme case that all four candidates are true lenses, the derived frequency of gravitational lensing in this BL Lac sample would be an order of magnitude higher than in comparable quasar samples. We also report on three other remarkable BL Lac objects: 0138-097, which is surrounded by a large number of close companion galaxies; 0806+524, whose host galaxy contains an uncommon arc-like structure; and 1959+650, which is hosted by a gas rich elliptical galaxy with a prominent dust lane of ~ 5× 10⁵ M.

Status:

Appeared in: The Astrophysical Journal

Affiliations:

¹ Space Telescope Science Institute
² also at Department of Astronomy, Padova University, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
³ Astronomical Observatory of Padova
⁴ Eureka Scientific
⁵ Melbourne University
⁶ University of Insubria, Como, Italy