Документ взят из кэша поисковой машины. Адрес оригинального документа : http://www.students.chemport.ru/materials/stats/05.pdf Дата изменения: Thu Jan 15 18:05:41 2009 Дата индексирования: Mon Oct 1 20:46:20 2012 Кодировка: Поисковые слова: m 8

. - . -

E = m1v21/ 2 + m2v22/ 2. M I = m1r201 + m2r202. v , r01 r02 - . m = m1m2/(m1+ m2). 1/m = 1/ m1+ 1/ m2. , I = m1r201 + m2r202 = m(r01+ r02)2. : m1r01 = m2r02. , .. h2 j. ( J - , 2

8 I

, I 10

-46

): ( J ) =

h2 8 2 I

J( J + 1), J 0 ,

, .. J . J, , ( ), - J + J. , .. 2J+1. J ( J + 1) h 2 J ( J + 1) 2 q= ( 2 J + 1) exp - = ( 2 J + 1) exp - . 2 T 8 IkT J =0 J =0 h2 = = k J ( J + 1) . 2



L M M N

O P P Q



L M N

O P Q

8 Ik

: 2,07K, D2 42K, N2 2,85K H2 85 , I2 0,5 K, O2 HCl 14,5, HI 9,0, OCS 0,3, PF3 0,33 q . ( , m), q. . q =30 T = 360 J = 3, q = 0,1 T = 360 J = 40. . (q / >1) , .. k kT.

q = 1 + 3 exp( -

2 6 12 ) + 5 exp ( - ) + 7 exp( - ). T T T

: 3- 2- 5exp( - 4q/ T)/ 3, .. 3- << 2 - . q / q / 1, 2, 4, 6, 10 q 1,42, 1,06, 1,001, 1,00002, 1. .. J = 0. q / 1 ( kT) 1 1' 1 ''' 1 f (a ) + f (a ) - f v (a ), f(n) n, f (n ) = f ( x)d x + f (a ) - 2 12 720 30240 n =a a n, f(x) - , f ' (x), f ''' (x) f v (x) - , = . : f(x) 0. ( t = x2 + x) a = 0 :

1

1


f (x) = (2x + 1) exp {-


[x(x + 1)]} (2x + 1) exp {- [x(x + 1)]}d x = T T 0

0 f(x) = . 2 3 ''' '

exp {-

T T t}d t = - exp {- t} = . T T0 , f (0) = -12
2

f (0) = 2 -

T

T
3

+ 12 - T T
4



f v (0) = 120 - 180 + 30 - . T T T T
dx = (2J + 1)dJ. f(x) ( 3) 2 3 2

5

q =

T 1 1+ + 3 T 15 T

/q: 100, 10, 5 q = 5,35. 500 K q/ T = 5,85. 0,5(6), 3-: 1,927.10-3 4-: 6,24.10-5. .. /q . , ( ): h 2 J ( J + 1) J ( J + 1) 2 q = (2J + 1) exp - = (2J + 1) exp - b J ( J + 1) . = (2J + 1) exp - 2 T J =0 J =0 8 Ik T J =0

L M M N

FI + GJ HK

4 315 T

FI + GJ HK

O P P Q 100,334, 10,34

... T >> q =

T 8 IkT = . h2

[

]

T >> (I ) b = Z = J2 +J dZ = (2J+1)dJ. q 2

h2 8 2 IkT

.

8 2 Ik T = e - bZ d Z = 1 / b = . h2 0

e = kT = 800 HCl ( = 14,5) J = 7, PF3 ( = 0,33) J = 49, ( = 0,1) J = 89. .. . . , . . - . : , , . .. . . . = . , .. , . - H2. 1/2, . -H2 q = 3, , . .. . J. -H2 , q = 1, , , .. . : 1/2 . .. s. . , .

2

2


F = - kT ln

8 2 IkT
h 2

, U = kT , S = k ln

8 2 IkT
h 2

+ k C v = k.

. . , 1 - , q 1 + 3exp(-2 /T), ln q 3exp(-2 /T). 2 U= 6k.exp(-2 /T) C v = 12k exp ( -2 / T).

T

T 0 Cv 0.
1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 Cv/k

T/ 0.5 1 1.5 2

, T: , q/ T > 1. k. (Ic, IB, IC) A, B, C. . : 1/2 1/ 2 1/2 82IA k T 82I Bk T 82IC k T 3 . q= 2 2 2 A B C h h h (), - ( ). S, = 19,1444[lgT - lgs - lgq] + 8,3143 /. S, = 19,1444[1,5.lgT - lgs - 0,5lg(qAqBqC)] + 17,230 /. . . , , kT/ 2 , k/ 2. , .. . q - : p2 p2 p 2 q 2 2 2 = a i p i + b i q i . = + , = , =

2m

2I

2µ

2

+ + -a i p i2 - b iq i 2 kT kT dp i = dq i = exp = const 1 T exp = const 2 T . kT ai kT bi - - 1/2 lnZ ln

z

F G H

I J K

z

F G H

I J K

ln q lU (U - U o ) = k T 2 v = c (1/2) T v T v
kT, (1/2)k. , .. (r - ro)n n 2.

3

3


.
3.6 3.4 3.2 3 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.2 2 250 1250

R

3.6 3.4 3.2 3 2.8

= 6130 K

= 3350 K T, K
2250 3250

2.6 2.4 2.2 2 0 1000

2000

3000

H2 v = (3/ 2 + 2/ 2 + 1)k = 7/ 2 k. 5/ 2 k ( ), - 200o C 3/ 2 k. .. . , . . , 0. , De/ k, ( De ) . T<< De ( ), go - , . () . , .. r. , , . : . . (2- 2p): 1/2 2 2 2* 1 p d = 8 I k T , - , p - . I* q= exp - * dp h2 h 0 2I k T 0 = I(Ix - I )/ Ix. Ix - . . , . u = uo f (j) = uo(1 - cos k j)/ 2. k - 0 2 p . uo . / ( 10 - 20). ( 3) f (j)= uo (1-cos 3j ) /2 uo = 10 /. uo << kT . - . . . . p 2 u {1 - co s()} (2 IkT)1/2 2 1 2 u o {1 - co s()} o dp d = q= exp - 2Ik T - exp - d . h - 0 2kT 2kT h 0 uo = 0 2p, . . 142. . - / kT =g o + g1 e - 1 / kT +... . q = g i e . .. e1= e1 - e. ( 1 1). ,

4

4


kT. e/ k = 18000K 1000 10 - 8. Cl2 go = 1, 1- 559,7 -1 (1,6 /) 2, - 17832,7 6. e = hcw. - 300 0,136, 500 0,399 1000 0,894. 4,33.10 - 37, 3,11.10 - 22 4,32.10 -11 . .. 1- , . (Wi )

g exp ( - i / k T) =i , , ( i / k T) q 1- ). q = g o [1 + exp (- / k T)] , = Wi i , Wi =
i / k T)

g i exp ( - g i exp ( -

:

ln q = kT T
cv = k

g1 1 , = . F = k T ln [g o + g1 exp ( - 1 / k T )] = go v exp ( 1 / k T) +

( 1 / kT) 2 g o 1 / kT g1 - 1 / kT e e 1 + 1 + g1 go

C v = N k.exp ( 1 / k T )

( 1 / kT ) 2

(exp

( 1 / kT) +

)

2

.

( 1/ [exp(a/ x) + b]

a exp (a / x) / x 2

(exp (a / x) + b

)

2

. ln C

/ kT + 2 / kT = ln + ln . Cl2 . / kT - 2
Cl ( 881 -1), go = 4, g1 = 2. . Cv = Cv/ R.

. , , , NO 1. , w = 1, e/ k = 174K, 0, 875 /. 72 , O2 , , - , w = 3,2, e/ k =11300K ( = 0,616) : 4900 . . , , , q = gi = 2S + 1. S - . - , . , . - . . . . 1/ 2. - , S = 1

5

5


g = 3. - J. - , S = 0, g = 1. - J. ( >> q = 85) q. q() / q.q() = 3, .. : h2 ( J) = J ( J + 1) . 2

8 I

H2 . T 0 h2 ( J) = J ( J + 1), J . 2

8 I

J = 1 T 0 : =

2h 2 8 I
2

> 0, e - /k T 0 . -H2 J = 0, = 0, exp(-/ kT)

1. T 0 , q(o)/ q() 0.

6

6