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Russian Entomol. J. 15(4): 361-366

ї RUSSIAN EN TOMOLOGICAL J OUR NAL, 20 06

Revision of the genus Bellenden Chandler (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) Ревизия рода Bellenden Chandler (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) S.A. Kurbatov С.А. Курбатов
All-Ru ssia n Resea r ch I nstitu te of Chemica l Mea ns for Pla nt Pr otection, Moscow. E-ma il: psela phi@r ol.ru - ,

KEY WORDS. Coleoptera, Pselaphinae, Staphylinidae,Bellenden. . Coleoptera, Pselaphinae, Staphylinidae, Bellenden. ABSTRACT . The only previousl y known species of the genus Belle nden Chandler is re-described, and three new species of the genus ar e described from alpine regions of Cen tral China (bot ellari us sp. n., Sichuan, bel ousovi sp. n., Gansu, an d nubigena sp. n., Sichua n). Key to speci es of the genus is given . Som e ch aract ers and the taxon omic situa tion in t he gr oup of gen era rel ated t o Bel lende n are discussed. . Be llenden Ch andler , (botel larius sp. n., , bel ousovi sp. n., nubigena sp. n., ). . , Bel lenden. The monotypic genus Bellenden described by Chandler in 2001 originally included only B. monteithi, described in the same work from Queensland, Australia. The present author examined a type specimen of this species and came to the conclusion that three undescribed species from his collection belonged to the same genus. It should be noted that the three new species occur in alpine regions of Central China at altitudes of at least 2,900 m above sea level; B. nubigena was collected at altitude as high as 4,120 m! A re-description of the genus is not given here, because the description changes little after including the new species, yet the type species is re-described, because its original description is very brief. The measurements of particular structures of B. monteithi are given based on of the only examined paratype, whereas the total length is taken from the original description. The length of the frontal rostrum was measured from the level of the anterior margins of eyes to the anterior margin of frons, and the width of the frontal rostrum was measured at the level of the base of antennae. Chandler's [2001: 35] proposal to designate the number of each visible abdominal tergite and sternite with Arabic numerals and the morphologically true number of each tergite and sternite with Roman numerals is accepted here, and this notation will be used by the present author in the future. The fol lowin g acronyms ar e used: PCSK Pri vate coll ecti on of the aut hor ZMUM Zoological Museum of Moscow State Universi ty Bell enden montei thi Chandler, 2001 Figs 5, 9.
MATERIAL : pa rat ype #: Que ensland, Belle nde n Ker, Ce ntr e P eak Summit, 1 500 m, ra infore st, sieve d litte r, 11. IV. 197 9, G. B. Mo nte it h.

DE SCR IPT IO N. Body length 2.0-2 .2 mm. U niform ly brown, pu bescence short, recu mben t. Head (length 0.40, width with eyes 0.26 mm). Frontal rostrum (length 0.12, width 0.13 mm) parallel-sided in basal half, dilated apically. Longitudinal frontal sulcus running along entire length of frontal rostrum, dilating and disappearing at its base; frontal sulcu s anteriorly not disappearing at level of anterior margin of frons, but running down to clypeus; anterior part of sulcus entirely covered with dense white pubescence. Occiput longitudinally impressed. Eyes with ten ommatidia. Maxillary palpi (Fig. 5): segment 2 more than twice as long as segment 1, length of segment 4 = 0.49 mm. Antennae: scapus subcylindrical, more than twice as long as wide; segment 2 slightly narrower and half as long as scapus, less than twice as long as wide; segments 3-8 of subequal width, narrower than segment 2; segments 3 and 4 slightly more than twice as long as wide; segments 5-7 considerably more than twice as long as wide; segment 9 considerably wider than segment 8, more than twice as long as wide, considerably longer than segment 2; segment 10 as long as segment 9; segment 11 shorter than segments 9 and 10 together, but considerably wider than them, widest before middle. Pronotum (length 0.36, width 0.34 mm) widest at middle, with small median antebasal fovea, two smaller foveae at its sides, and two very small puncture-like lateral antebasal foveae. Elytra (length 0 .61, width togeth er 0 .64 mm). Sutural stria wide an d deeply impressed in basal q uarter, getting narrow an d shallow posteriorly; discal striae absent. Maximu m width of tergite 1 with paratergites 0.71 m m.


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3

1

2

4
Figs 1 -4. Bellenden belou sovi sp.n.: 1-2 -- hea d ( 1 -- do rsa l v iew, 2 -- lat era l v iew, c hae tot axy of gular ar ea not shown), 3 -- e lyt ral ba se, 4 -- me so- and m eta ste rnum. Рис. 1-4 . Дета ли ст рое ния Bellenden belou sovi sp.n.: 1-2 -- гол ова (1 -- дор сал ьно , 2 -- лат ера льно, без хе тот акс ии гу ляр ной об лас ти), 3 -- о сно вание над крылья , 4 -- сред не- и зад негруд ь.

Male. Anterior protroch anter w ith sharp spine on ventral margin ; metastern um with large roun ded sligh tly con cave area, elevated over su rface of m etasternum and havin g distinct carinate m argins; en tire su rface of elevated area covered with dense short recum ben t pu bescen ce; abdominal sternite 2 with distin ct medial impression with m iddle smooth and w ithout pu bescence, sides fin ely pun ctate an d with sh ort recumbent pu bescence. Aedeagu s (Fig. 9) length 0.40 mm. In origin al description aedeagus figured w ith endoph allus turn ed ou t, thus makin g aedeagus unrecognizable [Chandler, 200 1, fig. 1 81 below ]. DIAGNO SIS. T he species is characterized by the short frontal rostrum, dense pubescence of th e anterior part of the frontal sulcus, relatively short segmen t 1 of th e m axillary palpi, th e presence of two small foveae at the sides of the m edian an tebasal fovea on pron otu m , very w e akly pronounced lateral antebasal foveae on pronotum, an d th e absence of discal striae on th e elytra.

Bel lende n bote llari us Kurbatov sp. n. Figs 6, 10.
MATERIAL . Ho lot ype #: China, Sichuan, Xiling M t., 29 00 m, litte r a nd m oss, 2 .VIII. 199 6, leg . S . Kurba tov (ZMUM ). Pa rat ype $: sam e labe l d ata as ho lot ype (P CSK).

DE SCR IPTION. Body length 2.1 5 mm . U niform ly brow n, pu bescence short, recu mben t. Head (length 0.45-0.47, width with eyes 0.27 mm). Frontal rostrum (length 0.20, width 0.14 mm) parallel-sided, barely dilated at base of antennae. Anterior margin of frons more or less straight. Longitudinal frontal sulcus running from anterior margin of frons backwards and gradually disappearing, without dilating, at base of frontal rostrum. Anterior part of sulcus without dense white pubescence. Vertex with indistinct medial impression immediately behind tentorial pits. Eyes with 9-12 ommatidia. Maxillary palpi (Fig. 6): segm ent 2 as lon g as segment 1; length of segment 4 = 0.49 mm. Antennae: scapus subcylindrical, slightly more than twice as long as wide, slight-


Revision of the genus Bel lenden

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5

6

7

8

Figs 5-8 . M axillary pa lpi of Bellen den sp ecies: 5 -- mo nteithi, 6 -- bo tella rius, 7 -- belou sovi, 8 -- nu big en a. Рис. 5-8 . Н ижнече люс тные щу пик и в идо в р ода Bellenden: 5 -- mo nteithi, 6 -- bo tella rius, 7 -- belou sovi, 8 -- nu big en a.

ly wider than segment 2 and almost twice as long; segment 2 less than twice as long as wide; segments 3-8 of subequal width, narrower than segment 2, segments 3 and 4 being 1.5 times as long as wide and segments 5-8 still longer; segment 9 distinctly wider than preceding segments, more than twice as long as wide, longer than segment 2; segment 10 as long as segment 9; segment 11 as long as segments 9 and 10 together, but considerably wider than them, widest at middle. Pronotum (length 0.43, width 0.37 mm ) w idest at m iddle. An tebasal fovea small, pun ctu re-like, lateral foveae con siderably larger. E lytra (m ale: length 0 .64 , w idth 0 .73 ; female: len gth 0 .59 , w idth 0 .76 mm ). Su tural an d discal striae w ide and shallow , discal stria reach in g m iddle of elytron . Maximum w idth of tergite 1 (w ith paratergites) 0 .84 mm in m ale and 0 .86 mm in fem ale. Male. Protrochanters simple; metasternu m n ot modified; abdominal sternite 2 with medial flatten ed area longer th an wide and alm ost reachin g posterior m argin of segment. Aedeagus (Fig. 1 0) len gth 0.4 1 m m. DIAGN OSIS. T he new species is ch aracterized by the especially short pu bescence on th e integument, greater length, parallel-sided frontal rostrum , long segment 4 of the maxillary palpi, and the absence of secon dary sexual characters on th e male protrochanter and metasternu m.

Bel lende n be lousovi Kurbatov sp. n. Figs 1-4, 7, 11.
MATERIAL . Ho lot ype #: China, S Gansu, W Wudu, S Guazigou vill. , 3 3њ1 8'3 7" N 1 04њ4 5'1 6" E, 322 6 m , 1 4.VII. 2004, le g. Belousov & Kaba k ( ZMU M). Pa rat ype $ ( dismem be red ): sa me lab el dat a as ho lot ype (P CSK).

DE SCRIPTION. Body length 2 .2 m m. Uniform ly brow n, pu bescence recum ben t, longer than in previous species, temples and pronotu m w ith pubescence denser. Head (length 0.43-0.44, width with eyes 0.29 mm) (Figs 1-2). Frontal rostrum (length 0.18, width 0.17 mm) conspicuously narrowing anteriorly in front of anterior margin of eyes and dilating again at level of antennal base. Anterior margin of frons more or less even. Frontal sulcus without dense apical pubescence, narrow and deep anteriorly and somewhat dilating and gradually disappearing posteriorly, not reaching level of anterior margin of eyes. Vertex with longitudinal medial impression behind tentorial pits. Eyes with ten ommatidia. Maxillary palpi (Fig. 7): segment 2 slightly longer than segment 1; length of segment 4 = 0.40 mm. Antennae: scapus subcylindrical, more than twice as long as wide, slightly wider than segment 2 and less than twice as long; segment 2 less than twice as long as wide; segments 3-8 of subequal width, considerably narrower than segment 2, segments 3-7 being approximately twice as long as wide, segment 8 slightly shorter, and segment 9 considerably wider than preceding segments, approximately as wide as segment 2, but longer, approximately twice as long as wide; segment 10 som ewhat shorter and slightly wider than segment 9; segment 11 shorter than segments 9 and 10 together, but considerably wider than them, widest slightly before middle. Pronotum (length 0.42, width 0.3 8 mm ) w idest before middle; antebasal fovea as in previous species. Elytra (length 0 .56 -0.57, width 0 .81 -0.83 m m) (Fig. 3 ). Su tural and discal striae narrowed at base; su tural stria conspicu ously deeper at base than discal stria; discal stria reachin g farth er than middle of elytron. Maximum width of tergite 1 with paratergites 0.88 m m in m ale and 0.96 m m in female.


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9

10

11

12

Figs 9-1 2. Aede agi of Bellen den sp ecies, do rsa l vie w: 9 -- mo nteithi, 10 -- bo tella rius, 11 -- belou sovi, 12 -- nu big en a. Рис. 9-1 2. Эде агус ы в идо в р ода Bellenden, дор сал ьно: 9 -- mo nteithi, 10 -- bo tella rius, 11 -- belou sovi, 12 -- nu big en a.

Male. Protrochanters ventrally w ith medial trapeziform protrusion w ith carinately tapering apex. Metasternu m m edially with two adjoin ing rather den se tufts of w hitish hairs directed posteriorly and slightly laterally. Abdomin al sternite 2 w ith very small m edial flatten ed area on posterior margin . Aedeagus (Fig. 11) len gth 0.53 m m. DIAGNOSIS. The new species is above all characterized by the especially large male aedeagus. The species is closest to B. botellarius sp.n., but is distinguished from it by the longer and denser pubescence on the temples and pronotum, distinctly not parallel-sided frontal rostru m, sutural stria distinctly deeper than discal stria at the base of the elytron, the presence of secondary sexual characters on the male protrochanters and metasternum, and different shape of the aedeagus.

Bel lenden nubige na Kurbatov sp. n. Figs 8, 12.
M ATE RIAL . H o lo ty p e #: China , S ichuan, NE Da nba, Gu a n y o n g c ha ng , 3 0њ 5 4 ' 05 " N 1 02 њ 02 ' 4 7" E , 4 1 2 0 m, 12 .VIII. 2004, leg. Be lousov & Kab ak (ZM UM). Pa rat ype $: sa me lab el dat a as ho lot ype (P CSK).

DE SCR IPT IO N. Body length 2.0-2 .1 mm. U niform ly brown, pu bescence as in B. belou sovi. Head (len gth 0.41-0 .43 , w idth with eyes 0.29- 0.30 mm ). Frontal rostrum (length 0 .18 mm, width 0.1 8 m m) as in B. belou sovi. Anterior m argin of frons with angu late protrusion medially. Frontal sulcu s w ithout den se pubescen ce apically, narrow est at middle, dilated very near anterior m argin of

frons and posteriorly, not reaching level of an terior margin of eyes. Vertex with longitudinal medial im pression behin d tentorial pits. Eyes with 9-13 om matidia. Maxillary palpi (fig. 8): segment 2 barely longer than segmen t 1 ; length of segment 4 = 0.34 mm. Antenn ae: scapus su bcylindrical, approximately twice as long as wide, w ider and considerably longer th an segmen t 2 ; segment 2 slightly more th an 1.5 tim es as long as wide; segments 3 -8 of subequal width, narrower than segment 2 , somew hat varyin g in length, but each less than twice as lon g as wide, segmen t 8 slightly shorter than segments 3- 7; segmen t 9 wider than preceding segmen ts, not longer th an segmen t 2 , approxim ately 1 .5 times as long as w ide; segment 10 as long as segment 9, but slightly w ider; segment 11 slightly lon ger than segments 9 and 10 together, but con siderably w ider th an them , w idest before m iddle. Pronotum (length 0.40-0 .41 , w idth 0.33-0 .34 mm ) widest sligh tly before m iddle; an tebasal fovea replaced with weak short tran sverse groove; lateral foveae distinct. Elytra (m ale: length 0.52, width 0.6 6; female: len gth 0.5 7, width 0.7 5 mm ). Sutu ral and discal striae eq ually distinctly pronou nced at base, th en discal stria gradually disappearin g, bu t its inner carin ate margin discernible to posterior q uarter of elytron. Maximu m w idth of tergite 1 w ith paratergites 0.71 m m in m ale and 0.83 m m in female. Male. Protrochan ters with sharp tooth on ventral m argin. Metastern um simple. Abdominal sternite 2 with two broad bands of den se small recum ben t h airs separated with narrow hairless area. Aedeagus (fig. 12) len gth 0.34 m m.


Revision of the genus Bel lenden
DIAGN OSIS. T he new species is ch aracterized by the an gulate protrusion of the anterior m argin of fron s, relatively sh ort antennae, and the presen ce of a sh ort antebasal tran sverse groove in place of the antebasal fovea.

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TO S PECI ES OF THE GENUS

B

EL LEND EN

CH

ANDLER

1. Segmen t 2 of maxillary palpus more th an twice as long as segmen t 1 . An terior part of longitudinal frontal su lcu s with dense whitish pu bescence. Lateral foveae on pronotum pu nctu re-like, barely discernible. Discal elytral striae absen t ...................................................... mo nteithi Ch andler -- Segment 2 of maxillary palpu s n ot longer or only slightly longer th an segm ent 1. Anterior part of longitu dinal frontal su lcu s without dense pubescen ce. Lateral foveae on pron otu m well pronoun ced. D iscal elytral striae presen t, reachin g at least middle of elytra ............................................ 2 2. Anterior margin of fron s more or less even. Segmen t 9 of an tenn ae distinctly longer th an segm ent 2. Antebasal fovea of pronotum present, though small. Male: protroch anters without sharp tooth on ventral m argin .......................... 3 -- Anterior margin of frons distinctly angulate. Segmen t 9 of an ten nae not longer th an segm ent 2. Antebasal fovea of pronotum replaced w ith sm all short and weak transverse groove. Male: protrochanters w ith sharp tooth on ventral margin ........................................................ nub igena sp .n. 3. Frontal rostrum more or less parallel-sided, barely dilated an teriorly at level of antenn al base. Male: protroch anters simple; m etasternum sim ple; stern ite 2 w ith medial flattened area almost as long as sternite ..... bo tellarius sp .n. -- Fron tal rostru m distinctly n arrowing anteriorly from anterior margin of eyes and then dilatin g again at level of an tenn al base. Male: protrochan ters w ith trapeziform protru sion on ven tral margin ; m etasternu m w ith two adjoin ing tu fts of hairs; sternite 2 with very small medial flattened area at posterior m argin ............ belou sovi sp .n.

The gap between t he ra nge of th e type species of the genus (Queensl and, Austr alia ) and that of t he th ree new species described here (Si chuan and Gansu, China) is extremely large. But do we h ave reasons to create a separa te t axon for t he Ch inese species? In gener al, the Chin ese speci es conform to the descri ption of the genus Bel lende n fai rly well, incl udin g such cha ract ers as the shape of t he m axill ary palpi or the foveal system of the meso- and meta stern um (see Fig. 4). Nevert heless, th ere are t wo ch aracters that differ in the Aust ralia n species and the t hree new species fr om th e alpine regions of Central China: a. Dense pubescence of anterior part of frontal sulcus present (monteithi) or absent (three Chinese species); b. Disca l el ytral stri ae a bsent (monteit hi) or present (th ree Chinese species); The form er ch aract er (a ) shows conspicuous intrageneric var iation am ong the genera closely relat ed to Bel lenden. For instance, in the genus Geopsel aphus, localized in the western Mediterranean region, there are at least 6 species (formosus Bes., f rate r Bes., j ucundus Bes., l epidus Bes., l ongi palpis Bes., l ongul us Bes.) wit h such pubescence of th e fr ontal sul cus, wher eas most of the other species h ave n o such pubescence [Besuch et, 1969]. In the genus Pse laphogeni us, m any East Pal aearctic speci es al so ha ve more or less developed api cal pubescence of t he fronta l sul cus, wher eas

West Pal aearctic m ember s of the same genus usua lly lack such pubescence (e.g. , aspromontanus (Reitt .), calabrus (Reitt.), cottianus (Dod.), longipalpis (Kiesw.), pel oritanus (Holdh. )). Reduction withi n a genus is a lso chara cteristi c of the other ch aracter (b). For instance, in the genus Pse laphogeni us, t he di scal stri ae ar e absolut ely indiscern ible, e.g., i n pel oritanus (Holdh .), and alm ost entir ely reduced i n aspromontanus (Reitt .) a nd dentipenis Sa wada, though th ese stria e are usua lly mor e or less developed in t he other descr ibed species of the genus. Therefore, t he differ ences bet ween the type species of the genus and the three new species are based on cha racters varyin g wit hin gener a close t o Bel lenden, and we see n o rea son for a phyl ogenetical ly justified creation of a new supraspecifi c taxon for th e thr ee Chinese species. Thus, th e descript ion of the genus Bel lenden Ch andler cha nges litt le. Only t he referen ces to th e pubescen ce of the anterior part of t he fr ontal sul cus, the lacking antebasal pronotal sulcus, an d the lacking discal elyt ral stria e are excluded from the descripti on, because th ese characters vary with in th e gen us. In general, in our opinion, the taxonomic situation in the complex of such gen era a s Afropse laphus Jea nn., Bel lenden Ch andler , Dic entri us Reitt. , Geopselaphus Jea nn., Maydena Ch andler , Nabepse laphus Nom ura, Pec kiel la Chandler, Pse laphogeni us Reit t., Pselaphostomus Reitt. , Pse laphothese us Pa rk t hat h ave m any homoplasti c ch aract ers or par allelisms is very far from obvious. The following fact s can be pointed out in favour of th is opinion , in addi tion to t hose given above. Among t he th ree n ew species described here, undoubtedl y cl osely rel ated, B. nubi gena has shor t tr ansverse groove i nstea d of the a ntebasal fovea of pronot um. Thi s cha racter is used in t he generic division of t his group. Besuchet [1999] showed significant var iance of the sha pe of the maxi llary pal pi in the genus Pse laphus Her bst, close to this group, a nd, based on t his obser vation, synonymized several gener a wit h Pse laphus. At the sam e tim e, th e sh ape of th e maxilla ry pa lpi i s st ill used in the syst emati cs of the above-mention ed complex of gener a. Nomura [2003], h aving exam ined the elytra of man y species of the tribe Pselaphi ni, i ncluding the genera Dicent rius, Psel aphogenius, and Pselaphostomus, n oted the foll owing: "...i t is difficul t to util ize thi s dat a in a phylogen etic anal ysis, beca use a simi lar pat tern is found in pa rall el for som e di stant groups" [p. 461]. La stly, in the presen t author's col lecti on t here are man y st ill undescribed East Pal aear ctic speci es from thi s group t hat cannot be a dequately assi gned to particular gener a, because the char acter s used to dist ingui sh between the gener a are unstable. Thus, th e insufficientl y developed understa ndin g of the genera of t his group, which is i n need of a complex revision , is an addition al ar gumen t in favour of abst ainin g from creating a new ta xon for th e thr ee species described here.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. The author is grateful to the following persons for help and advice in the course of preparing


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Besuc he t C. 199 1. Rйv o lution chez le s Cla vige rinae ( Cole opt era , P selaphidae ) // Revue suisse zoo l. Vol. 98. Fa sc. 3. P . 49 9 -5 1 5. Be suc het C. 19 99. Psй lap hid es palйar ctique s. Note s t axo nom iques et fa unistiques (Cole opt era St aphylinid ae P selaphina e) // Re vue suisse z ool. Vol.1 06. Fa sc. 1. P.4 5-6 7. Chand ler D. S. 2001. Bio log y, m orp hology , a nd system atics of the a nt- like litt er bee tle s o f Aust ralia (Co leo pte ra: St aphylinid ae: Psela phinae ) // M em. on e nto mology , inte rna tio nal. Vol.1 5. P.1 -56 0. Ne wto n A.F. , J r. & Chandle r D. S. 198 9. Wor ld cat alo g o f t he ge ner a o f P selaphida e ( Coleop ter a // Fieldia na: Zo olo gy (N ew ser ies). Vol. 53. P. 1-9 3. No mur a S h. 2003. Tax ono mic no tes on the E ast Asian sp ecies of the ge nus Psela pho genius ( Coleop ter a, Sta phy linida e, Psela phinae ), pp. 45 7-4 82. In: G. Cucc odo ro and A. B. Le schen, ed s. System atics of Cole opt era : P ape rs celebr ating the r etirem ent of Iv an Lцb l. M em. on entom olo gy int ernationa l. Vol.17 . 9 55 p.

this work: K. Makarov (Moscow Pedagogical State University), A. Ryvkin (Norskiy State Reserve). D.S. Chandler (University of New Hampshire) is thanked for giving the author the chance to examine a paratype of Bellend en monteithi. Special thanks are due to I. Belousov and I. Kabak (All-Russia Institute of Plant Protection, St. Petersburg), who provided the author with exceptionally interesting material they had collected in alpine regions of Gansu and Sichuan. P. Petrov (Moscow SouthWest Gymnasium 1543) provided some comments on the text and translated this work into English.

References
Be suc het C. 19 69. Geopsela phus d 'Espag ne nouv eaux o u p eu co nnus ( Col. P sela phidae ) // M itt . S chweiz . Ent. Ges. Bd.4 2. Hf.1 -2 . S. 96 -1 05.