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Arthropoda Selecta 16(3): 153167

ї ARTHROPODA SELECTA, 2007

Spiders (Arachnida, Aranei) of Azerbaijan 3. Survey of the genus Enoplognatha Pavesi, 1880 (Theridiidae) Пауки (Arachnida, Aranei) Азербайджана 3. Обзор пауков рода Enoplognatha Pavesi, 1880 (Theridiidae) Elchin F. Huseynov1 & Yuri M. Marusik Э.Ф. Гусейнов1, Ю.М. Марусик2
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Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Science, block 504, passage 1128, Baku 370073 Azerbaijan. Institute for Biological problems of the North, Portovaya Str. 18, Magadan, 685000 Russia. Email: yurmar@mail.ru. Институт биологических проблем Севера ДВО РАН, Портовая 18, Магадан 865000 Россия.

KEY WORDS: Fauna, Theridiidae, Enoplognatha, redescription, Azerbaijan. КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: фауна, Theridiidae, Enoplognatha, переописание, Азербайджан.

ABSTRACT. Eleven species of the genus Enoplognatha are recorded from Azerbaijan, seven of which are new to Azerbaijan: E. latimana, E. oelandica, E. serratosignata, E. giladensis, E. macrochelis, E. parathoracica and E. quadripunctata. The latter four species are new to the fauna of the former USSR. All species are illustrated by SEM and digital photographs. РЕЗЮМЕ. В фауне Азербайджана выявлено 11 видов рода Enoplognatha. Семь из них новые для страны: E. latimana, E. oelandica, E. serratosignata, E. giladensis, E. macrochelis, E. parathoracica и E. quadripunctata. Четыре последних вида новые для фауны бывшего СССР. Все виды проиллюстрированы.

Introduction
The present paper is 5th in a series of papers dealing with fauna of Azerbaijan, although it has number 3. Earlier papers were devoted to new families and genera records [Marusik & Guseinov, 2003], lycosids [Marusik et al., 2003], fauna of Nakhchivan [Marusik et al., 2004] and agelenids [Guseinov et al., 2005]. While fauna of Azerbaijan is best studied among Transcaucasian spiders with over 600 reported species [Marusik et al., 2006] there are still many unreported and undescribed species in the country. Enoplognatha Pavesi, 1880 is a large genus of theridiid spiders with 65 species described [Platnick, 2008]. Members of the genus Enoplognatha are distributed mainly in Palaearctic, with a few species described from the Nearctic and tropical regions. The Mediterranean Enoplognatha were recently revised by Bosmans & Van Keer [1999], and 29 species were listed from this region.
Printed in 2008

The first representative of the genus from Azerbaijan (Theridion ovatum = Enoplognatha ovata (Clerck, 1757)) was reported by Atakishiev [1969]. Later Dunin recorded three additional species: E. oelandica (Thorell, 1875), E. crucifera (= E. mordax (Thorell, 1875), and E. testacea Simon, 1884 from different parts of the country [Dunin, 1984, 1989; Dunin & Mamedov, 1992]. In recent years three additional species were reported to the Azerbaijan fauna in papers by the first author [Guseinov, 2002; Guseinov & Rubtsova, 2001]: E. thoracica (Hahn, 1833), E. mediterranea Levy & Amitai, 1981 and E. gemina Bosmans & Van Keer, 1999. Thus, seven species of the genus Enoplognatha were known in Azerbaijan. In this paper we present results of the treatment of material collected during last few years by the first and second authors combined with a critical survey of literature data. Most Enoplognatha species found in Azerbaijan differ from each other by carapace and abdominal pattern. We provide corresponding figures for almost all females. In addition, there are SEM microphotographs for most species.

Material and Methods
Most material treated herein was collected during last 10 years, although some earlier material was also examined and revised . In square brackets [] following the species name, we list literature sources with most appropriate diagnostic illustrations. Species reported from Azerbaijan for the first time are marked with an asterisk (*); and species new to the fauna of the whole former Soviet Union are marked with two asterisks (**). SEM photographs were made exclusively from Azerbaijan specimens, while for some digital photographs we used specimens collected from other countries.


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E.F. Huseynov & Yu.M.Marusik Enoplognatha latimana Hippa & Oksala, 1982* Figs 3638, 5556, 75.
[Hippa & Oksala, 1982: f. 46, 1213, 1720; Snazell, 1983: f. 12, 56; Wunderlich, 1995a: f. 8, 10, 1314; Roberts, 1998: 304, f.] MATERIAL EXAMINED. 1 (IZA) NE Azerbaijan, Ismailly Dist., env. of Khanaya Vill., 712.06.2002 (EFG); 1 (IZA) same dist., env. of Ivanovka Vill., 10.06.2002 (EFG).

The following abbreviations have been used for collections and museum: IZA Institute of Zoology, Baku; YMT Yuri M. Marusiks temporary collection in Zoological Museum, University of Turku; ZMUM Zoological Museum, University of Moscow; ZMUT Zoological Museum, University of Turku. Collectors names are abbreviated as follows: EFG E.F. Guseinov, PMD P.M. Dunin, YMM Yu.M. Marusik Microphotographs were made by SEM Jeol JSM5200 in the Zoological Museum, University of Turku.

Survey of species
Enoplognatha gemina Bosmans & Van Keer, 1999 Figs 12, 35ac, 4243, 79.
[Bosmans & Van Keer, 1999: f. 103107] MATERIAL EXAMINED. 3 [01] (YuMC), CE Azerbaijan, Gobustan, 40?07N 49?23E, ~150 m, stony semi-desert, 17 31.05.2003 (YMM); 9 4 (IZA) CE Azerbaijan, Absheron Peninsula, env. of Shagan Vill., 1925.12.1993 (EFG); 1 (IZA) Absheron Peninsula, Baku, Bailov Park, 22.11.1994 (EFG); 1 [04] Absheron Peninsula, Baku, Ganly-Gyol L., 40њ 21.46N 49њ48.36E, 20.05 & 6.06.2003 (YMM); 6 (ZMMU) Absheron Peninsula, Baku, Musabekov, 40њ 21.46N 49њ48.36E, 10.03.1977 (PMD).

COMMENTS. This species has a wide range and occurs from Western Europe to Central Asia and in Eastern Canada [Hippa & Oksala, 1982; Mikhailov, 1997; Paquin et al., 2001]. It was unknown from Azerbaijan, but was known from adjacent Armenia [Marusik, 1989]. By general appearance this species is almost indistinguishable from E. ovata and earlier two species were often confused. Main differences of these species can be found in shape of male chelicera, and shape of copulatory organs. E. ovata and E. latimana are herb-bush dwelling species, and unlike most other Enoplognatha which are litter dwelling.

Enoplognatha macrohelis Levy et Amitai, 1981** Figs 34, 4041, 4445, 57, 68.
[Levy, 1998: f. 4041, 43, 5260; Bosmans & Van Keer, 1999: f. 8387] MATERIAL EXAMINED. 3 (IZA & YMT) SW Azerbaijan, Nakhchivan, Sharur Dist.,ca 3 km E of Akhura Vill. 39?34 N 45?11E, 1400 m, 2.06.2003 (EFG & YMM); 2 (YMT), Nakhchivan, Dasharkh Vill., 39?33,629N 45?02.53E, 870 m, 1 4.06.2003 (YMM); 2 (YMT) CE Azerbaijan, Gobustan, 40?07N 49?23E, ~150 m, stony semi-desert, 1731.05.2003 (YMM); 15 (YMT) Gobustan, 40?05N 49?25E, mountain semidesert, 15.04.2001 (YMM); 2 (IZA) CE Azerbaijan, Absheron Peninsula, env. of Shagan Vill., 1925.12.1993 (EFG); 1 (IZA) Absheron Peninsula, Baku, Bailov Park, 14.12.1995 (EFG); 2 [a03] Absheron Peninsula, Umbaki, 40?1N 49?38E, mountain semidesert, 19.04.2001 (YMM); 3 [02] Absheron Peninsula, environs of Baku, Dyubendy, 40?29N 50?13E, -9 m, semidesert, 18.05 & 8.06.03 (YMM); 1 [04] Absheron Peninsula, Baku, Ganly-Gyol L., 40њ 21.46N 49њ48.36E, 20.05 & 6.06.2003 (YMM); 2 (ZMMU) Absheron Peninsula, Baku, Musabekov, 40њ 21.46N 49њ48.36E, 10.03.1977 (PMD); 7 (ZMMU) Absheron Peninsula, Baku, Yasamal, 40њ 21.46N 49њ48.36E, 13.05.1979 (PMD).

RECORDS. Absheron Peninsula [Guseinov & Rubtsova, 2001]. Dunin [1984] and Dunin & Mamedov [1992] reported this species as E. oelandica (material examined). COMMENTS. All records of this species came from easternmost, dry part of country. This species is distributed from southern France to Egypt, Syria [Bosmans & Van Keer, 1999] and Absheron Peninsula (the north-easternmost record). This species can be recognized by the shape of copulatory organs and dorsal abdominal pattern: light spot in front of abdomen and distinct, unbroken folium.

Enoplognatha giladensis (Levy & Amitai, 1982)** Figs 1923, 58, 66.
[Levy, 1998: 139, f. 260264; Knoflach & Thaler, 2000: 412, f. 15, 8, 5457] MATERIAL EXAMINED. 2 (YMT), Lenkoran Distr., Hyrcan Reserve, litter (38њ38.5N, 48њ47.5E), 23.05.2003 (YMM & EFG).

COMMENTS. This species was known previously from Rhodes and Israel only [Knoflach & Thaler, 2000; Platnick 2008], and therefore Azerbaijan is the north and easternmost point of the range. In general appearance, E. giladensis differs from all other congeners by the lack of any pattern on the ventral and dorsal sides of the abdomen. Its habitus and uniform light-grey coloration make this species similar to members of Robertus. Epigyne of E. giladensis is unusual for a member the genus by having very long and weakly sclerotized insemination ducts (Fig. 23), fused spermathecae and upper portion of insemination ducts. Although the male palp is also unusual, it has conformation similar to all other Enoplognatha species. Epigyne, male palp, and uniform light brown pattern, together with relatively long legs (Fig. 58) easily distinguish this species from the other congeners occurring in Caucasus.

COMMENTS. E. macrohelis was not reported previously in former Soviet Union. This species was known to be distributed from Greece to Israel [Bosmans & Van Keer, 1999] and our records extend the known range to at least 15 degrees to the east. This species was actually known in Azerbaijan, but was wrongly identified and listed as E. oelandica [Dunin, 1984; Dunin & Mamedov, 1992] (material examined). It is possible that other records of E. oelandica from Russia and Ukraine [cf. Mikhailov, 1997] may refer to E. macrohelis. This species can be recognized by the copulatory organs and the abdominal pattern: sword-like dark median band, and folium with well-developed margins only.

Enoplognatha mediterranea Levy et Amitai, 1981 Figs 56, 48, 73, 77, 82.
[Levy & Amitai, 1981: f. 4049; Levy, 1998: f. 7685; Bosmans & Van Keer, 1999: f. 5862] MATERIAL EXAMINED. 6 (IZA) SW Azerbaijan, Nakhchivan, Sharur Dist., env. of Akhura Vill., 2.06.2003 (EFG); 1 (IZA) CE Azerbaijan, Gobustan, Beyuk-Dash Mt., 18.04.1999 (EFG); 1 2 (IZA) CE Azerbaijan, Gobustan, Beyuk-Dash Mt.


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Figs 118. Epigyne of Enoplognatha gemina (12), E. macrochelis (34) and E. mediterranea (56), E. oelandica (79), E.quadripunctata (1012), E. serratosignata (1314), E. mordax (1516) and E. ovata (1718): 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 1213, 15, 17 ventral; 2, 4, 6, 8, 11, 14, 16, 18 caudal; 12 shows epigyne plaque. Рис. 118. Эпигина Enoplognatha gemina (12), E. macrochelis (34) и E. mediterranea (56), E. oelиica (79), E.quadripunctata (1012), E. serratosignata (1314), E. mordax (1516) и E. ovata (1718): 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 1213, 15, 17 снизу; 2, 4, 6, 8, 11, 14, 16, 18 сзади; 12 показана эпигина с затычкой.


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Figs 1923. Copulatory organs of Enoplognatha giladensis: 19, 20 palp ventral and retrolateral; 21, 23 vulva; 22 epigyne. 1921 after Knoflach & Thaler [2000]. Рис. 1923. Копулятивные органы Enoplognatha giladensis: 19, 20 пальпа снизу и ретролатерально; 21, 23 вульва; 22 эпигина. 1921 по Knoflach & Thaler [2000].

RECORDS. Absheron Peninsula [Guseinov, 2002]. Dunins [1984] record of Robertus arundineti from Absheron Peninsula refers to this species. COMMENTS. Until recently this species was known from eastern Greece to Israel [Bosmans & Van Keer, 1999]. Record of E. mediterranea from Azerbaijan [Guseinov, 2002; present data] extends known range to more that 15 degrees to the east. The known range of this species can be named as eastern Mediterranean. By general appearance (uniform coloration) it is similar to E. giladensis and E. parathoracica, but has shorter legs than does E. giladensis and darker colour. From E. parathoracica it can be distinguished by the shape of copulatory organs.

21.03.2001 (EFG); 12 (YMT) env. of Baku, Gobystan, 40?05N 49?25E, mountain semidesert, 15.04.2001 (YMM); 4 (YMT) CE Azerbaijan, Absheron Peninsula, Umbaki, 40?1N 49?38E, mountain semidesert, 19.04.2001 (YMM); 1 (ZMMU) CE Azerbaijan, Absheron Peninsula, Baku, Yasamal, 40њ 21.46N 49њ48.36E, 13.05.1979 (PMD).

Enoplognatha mordax (Thorell, 1875) Figs 1516, 4647, 69, 74, 80, 83.
[Roberts, 1985: f. 85; Roberts, 1995: 291, f.; Wunderlich, 1995b: f. 1723; Bosmans & Van Keer, 1999: f. 611] MATERIAL EXAMINED. 2 1 j (YMT) CE Azerbaijan, Absheron Peninsula, Baku, Ganly-Gyol L., 40њ 21.46N 49њ48.36E, 20.05 & 6.06.2003 (YMM).

RECORDS. sub E. crucifera: Absheron Peninsula [Dunin, 1984], Sheki-Zagatala area [Dunin, 1989]. COMMENTS. This species is widely distributed in Europe, present in Morocco, Cyprus [Bosmans & Van Keer 1999], reported in Tajikistan [Mikhailov, 1997] and in Xinjiang [Song et al., 1999]. Judging from the figures of E. mordax [Song et al., 1999: f. 60CD] from northwestern China, the Chinese species belongs to a separate sibling species. Record from Tajikistan may also refer to other species. Abdomen pattern in female is rather variable (Figs 46 47). This species can be distinguished from congeners by


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Figs 2429. Somatic characters of the males of Enoplognatha parathoracica (2426) and E. quadripunctata (2729): 24, 27 chelicera, inner view; 25, 28 leg I; 26, 29 ventral part of tibia I showing modified macrosetae and their bases. Equal views have the same scale. Рис. 2429. Соматические признаки самцов Enoplognatha parathoracica (2426) и E. quadripunctata (2729): 24, 27 хелицеры, изнутри; 25, 28 нога I; 26, 29 нижняя часть голени I, показаны модифицированные волоски и их основания. Одинаковые части тела в одинаковом масштабе.

the shape of copulatory organs, body pattern, and elongate abdomen in male.

Enoplognatha oelandica (Thorell, 1875)* Figs 79, 554, 67, 78.
[Wiehle, 1960: f. 1014; Wunderlich, 1976: f. 815; Roberts, 1985: f. 85e; Roberts, 1995: 292, f.; Bosmans & Van Keer, 1999: f. 6367] MATERIAL EXAMINED. 1 (IZA) SW Azerbaijan, NE Nakhchivan, env. of Bichenek Vill., Bichenek River, 39?29,473N

COMMENTS. This is the first record for Azerbaijan. Records of this species in Azerbaijan are from lowland arid areas, Absheron Peninsula and Muganskaya steppe [Dunin, 1984; Dunin & Mamedov, 1992] refer to E. macrohelis and E. gemina (material examined). In Azerbaijan E. oelandica

45?44.997E, 1600 m, gravely bank, 3.06.2003 (EFG); 2 (YMT) Nakhchivan, ca 3 km E of Akhura Vill. 39?34 N 45?11E, 1400 m, 2.06.2003 (YMM); 1 (YMT) SE Azerbaijan, Zuvand area, env. of Pirasora Vill., 38?43,3N 48?22.8E, 17002000 m, 2526.05. 2003 (YMM); 1 (IZA) NE Azerbaijan, Gusar Dist., env. of Laza Vill., 1800 m, 6.08.2001 (EFG).


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Figs 3035. Male palp of Enoplognatha parathoracica (3032), E. quadripunctata (3334) and E. gemina (35): 30, 33, 35a male palp, ventral; 31, 34a, 35b retrolateral; 35, 34b, 35c prolateral. Рис. 3035. Пальпа самца Enoplognatha parathoracica (3032), E. quadripunctata (3334) и E. gemina (35): 30, 33, 35a пальпа самца, снизу; 31, 34a, 35b ретролатерально; 35, 34b, 35c пролатерально.


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Figs 3641. Male palp of Enoplognatha latimana (3638), E. ovata (39) and E. macrochelis (4041): 36, 41 retrolateral; 37 prolateral; 3840 ventral. Scale = 0.1 mm. Рис. 3641. Пальпа самца Enoplognatha latimana (3638), E. ovata (39) и E. macrochelis (4041): 36, 41 ретролатерально; 37 пролатерально; 3840 снизу. Масштаб = 0,1 мм.

was properly recorded only at high altitudes of 14002000 m (present data). This species seems to havea Euro-Caucasian distribution. In Mediterranean it is known from France and Azerbaijan. Records of this species from Xinjiang [Song et al., 1999: f. 60EF] refers to another distantly related species. This species can be recognized by the body pattern and shape of copulatory organs.

Enoplognatha ovata (Clerck, 1757) Figs 1718, 39, 51.
[Hippa & Oksala, 1982: f. 13, 1416; Roberts, 1985: f. 85a; Roberts, 1995: 290, f.; Wunderlich, 1995a: f. 56, 9, 1112] MATERIAL EXAMINED. 2 2 (IZA) CN Azerbaijan, Khyzy Dist., env. of Yarymja Vill., 6.06.2000 (EFG); 1 (IZA) SE Azerbaijan, Ismailly Dist., env. of Ivanovka Vill., 10.06.2002 (EFG).


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Figs 4250. General appearance of the females of Enoplognatha gemina (4243), E. macrohelis (4445), E. mordax (4647), E. mediterranea (48) and E. serratosignata (4950). Рис. 4250. Внешний вид самок Enoplognatha gemina (4243), E. macrohelis (4445), E. mordax (4647), E. mediterranea (48) и E. serratosignata (4950).


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Figs 5158. General appearance of the females of Enoplognatha ovata (51), E. oelandica (5254), E. latimana (5556), E. macrohelis (57) and E. giladensis (58): 5153, 58 dorsal; 5455, 57 ventral, 56 lateral. Рис. 5158. Внешний вид самок Enoplognatha ovata (51), E. oelandica (5254), E. latimana (5556), E. macrohelis (57) и E. giladensis (58): 5153, 58 сверху; 5455, 57 снизу, 56 сбоку.


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Figs 5972. General appearance and epigynes of Enoplognatha parathoracica (5961, 65, 72), E. quadripunctata (6264, 7071), E. giladensis (66), E. oelandica (67), E. macrohelis (68) and E. mordax (69): 59, 6263 female, dorsal; 6061 female, ventral; 6465 male, dorsal; 6672 epigyne, ventral. Рис. 5972. Внешний вид и эпигины Enoplognatha parathoracica (5961, 65, 72), E. quadripunctata (6264, 7071), E. giladensis (66), E. oelиica (67), E. macrohelis (68) и E. mordax (69): 59, 6263 самка, сверху; 6061 самка, снизу; 6465 самец, сверху; 6672 эпигина, снизу.


Enoplognatha from Azerbaijan
RECORDS. Absheron Peninsula [sub Theridium o., Dunin,1984], Sheki-Zagatala area [sub Theridium o., Atakishiev, 1969; Dunin, 1989], Lenkoran area [Guseinov, 1999]. COMMENTS. This species has a wide distribution, and is widespread in Europe and the Nearctic. It is rare in Mediterranean [Bosmans & Van Keer, 1999]. The southernmost records of this species are in Spain and Lebanon [Bosmans & Van Keer, 1999]. This species as well as E. latimana, and unlike another Enoplognatha, are herb-bush-tree dwellers and never occur in litter.

163

9 1 (IZA & YMT) Lenkoran Dist., env. of Aurora Vil., 38?40N 48?52E, 2328.04.2001 (YMM & EFG); 3 (YMT) Lenkoran area, Hyrcan Reserve, 38?38,5N 48?47,5E, 23.05.2003 (YMM); 1 (YMT) Lenkoran Dist., N of Lenkoran, 38?50N 48?49 E, -20 m, seashore bog, 22.05.2003 (YMM); 1 [06] Lenkoran Dist., environs of Vel Vill., 38?38N 48?52E, -20 m, seashore, 22.05.2003 (YMM); 1 (YMT) SE [Azerbaijan, Lenkoran Dist. environs of Aurora Vill. 38?41N 48?17E, 36 m, 21 29.05.2003 (YMM); 2 2 jj (YMT) Lenkoran area, Hyrcan Reserve, near dam, 38?38N 48?47E, 28.05.2003 (YMM).

Enoplognatha parathoracica Levy et Amitai, 1981** Figs 2426, 3032, 5961, 65, 72, 8788.
[Levy & Amitai, 1981: f. 3239; Levy, 1998: f. 6875; Bosmans & Van Keer, 1999: f. 4247] MATERIAL EXAMINED. 1 (IZA) SW Azerbaijan, Nakhchivan, Sharur Dist., env. of Akhura Vill., 2.06.2003 (EFG); 2 [13] Nakhchevan area, Dasharkh Vill., 39?33,629N 45?02.53E, 870 m, 14.06.2003 (YMM).

COMMENTS. This species is new to the fauna of Azerbaijan, Caucasus and former Soviet Union as a whole. Earlier it was known to be distributed from eastern Greece to Israel [Bosmans & Van Keer, 1999]. The present records extend the known range of E. parathoracica to more than 15 degrees to the East. Its range can be called as East Mediterranean. NOTE. This species is similar to E. quadripunctata and is possibly a junior synonym of this species. Palps of these species are almost indistinguishable, but can be distinguished by pattern (white dots in E. quadripunctata and uniform colour in E. parathoracica). Although the two species have different and distinct chelicera (swollen distal part of chelicera in E. parathoracica) and are of different size (cf. Figs 2429, 6564, 8889), these differences may be the result of allometric growth.

COMMENTS. This species is new to the fauna of Azerbaijan, Caucasus and the former Soviet Union as a whole. In Azerbaijan it was recorded earlier under the name E. thoracica [Guseinov, 2002] and E. testacea [Dunin, 1984] from Absheron Peninsula (material examined). Until recently this species was known from Portugal and Morocco to Central Turkey [Bosmans & Van Keer, 1999], and our records extend the range limits to about 13 degrees to the east. Occurrence of E. quadripunctata in western Turkmenistan is very probable. Its range now can be called as whole Mediterranean. This species is similar to E. parathoracica and is possibly a senior synonym of this species. Palps of these species are almost indistinguishable, but can be distinguished by abdominal pattern (white dots in E. quadripunctata and uniform colour in E. parathoracica). Although the two species have different chelicera (swollen distal part of chelicera in E. parathoracica), and are of different sizes (cf. Figs 2429, 6564, 8889), these differences may be the result of allometric growth. NOTE. Males of this species have a modified leg I. Ventral and ventro-lateral parts of tibia, and especially the metatarsus, bear modified spine-like macrosetae with enlarged bases (Figs 2829, 87). Such modification of leg macrosetae was known in E. monstrabilis Marusik & Logunov, 2002 [cf. f. 1516 in Marusik & Logunov, 2002] and in E. parathoracica (Figs 2526, 89).

Enoplognatha quadripuctata Simon, 1884** Figs 1012, 2729, 3334a,b, 6264, 7071, 8891.
[Bosmans & Van Keer, 1999: f. 3641] MATERIAL EXAMINED. 1 1 (IZA) SW Azerbaijan, Nakhchivan, Sharur Dist., env. of Akhura Vill., 2.06.2003 (EFG & YMM); 1 4 (YMT) Nakhchivan area, Dasharkh Vill., 39?33,629N 45?02.53E, 870 m, 14.06.2003 (YMM); 1 (IZA) CN Azerbaijan, Khyzy Dist., env. of Tazakyand Vill., 3.06.2000 (EFG); 1 CN Azerbaijan, Sheki Dist., env. of Cher Vill., 28.06.1978 (PMD); 3 (IZA) NE Azerbaijan, Gusar Dist., env. of Alchaly-Tala locality, 11.08.2001 (EFG); 1 3 [a01] CE Azerbaijan, env. of Baku, Gobystan, 40?05N 49?25E, mountain semidesert, 15.04.2001 (YMM); 1 (ZMMU) CW Azerbaijan, Lachin Dist., env. of Lachin City, 1.06.1980 (PMD); 3 (YMT) CE Azerbaijan, ca 75 km N of Baku, W of Kylyazi Vill., 40?51,5N 49?11.5E, 260 m, semi-desert, under stones, 7.06.2003 (YMM); 1 3 (IZA) CE Azerbaijan, Absheron Peninsula, env. of YeniSurakhany Vill., 10.05.1994 (EFG); 1 (IZA) Absheron Peninsula, env. of Ganly-Gyol Lake, 10.04.1995 (EFG); 1 (IZA) same locality, 3.05.1995 (EFG); 3 (YMT) CE Absheron Peninsula, env. of Gyurgyan Vil., 40?24N 50?16E, semidesert, 17.04.2001 (YMM); 2 5 (YMT) Absheron Peninsula, Baku, GanlyGyol L., 40њ 21.46N 49њ48.36E, 20.05 & 6.06.2003 (YMM); 5 (YMT) Absheron Peninsula, Umbali, 40?1N 49?38E, mountain semidesert, 19.04.2001 (YMM); 1 17 (YMT) CE Azerbaijan, env. of Baku, Gobystan, 40?05N 49?25E, mountain semidesert, 15.04.2001 (YMM); 25 (YMT), 1731.05.2003 (YMM); 1 (YMT) SE Azerbaijan, Zuvand area, ca 3 km W of Lerik Town, 38?43.834N 48?25.669E, 1200 m, slopy meadows, 25.05.2003 (EFG); 2 (YMT) Zuvand area, env. of Pirasora Vill., 38?43,3N 48?22.8E, 17002000 m, 2526.05. 2003 (YMM);

Enoplognatha serratosignata (L. Koch, 1879)* Figs 1314, 4950, 76, 86.
[Wunderlich, 1976: f. 1722; Bosmans & Van Keer, 1999: f. 108112] MATERIAL EXAMINED. 1 (YMT) SW Azerbaijan, NE Nakhchivan, env. of Bichenek Vill., Bichenek River, 39?29,473N 45?44.997E, 1600 m, gravely bank, 3.06.2003 (EFG); 7 (IZA) NE Azerbaijan, Gusar Dist., foothill of Sakhdag Mt., 3000 m, 8.08.2001 (EFG).

COMMENTS. Although it is the most widespread Enoplognatha species in the Palaearctic Region, ranging from Switzerland to Chukotka [Bosmans & Van Keer, 1999; Marusik et al., 2000], it was never reported from Azerbaijan and Caucasus as a whole. In Azerbaijan it was found only at high altitudes, 16003000 m, although in Siberia it may occur on seashores. Males of this species are short-lived (personal data). Maybe it is the main reason they were not found in Azerbaijan. This species can be distinguished by the body pattern and copulatory organs (large epigynal plate).

Erroneous records
Enoplognatha oelandica (Thorell, 1875)
Records of this species from Absheron Peninsula and Mugan steppe [Dunin, 1984; Dunin & Mamedov, 1992] actually refer to E. gemina and E. macrochelis (Dunins material examined).


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Figs 7380. Lateral view of Enoplognatha mediterranea (73, 77), E. mordax (74, 80), E. latimana (75), E. serratosignata (76), E. oelandica (78) and E. gemina (79): 7374 female, 7580 male. Рис. 7380. Вид сбоку Enoplognatha mediterranea (73, 77), E. mordax (74, 80), E. latimana (75), E. serratosignata (76), E. oelandica (78) и E. gemina (79): 7374 самка, 7580 самец.


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Figs 8191. Males of Enoplognatha gemina (81), E. mediterranea (82), E. mordax (83), E. parathoracica (8485), E. serratosignata (86), E. parathoracica (8788) and E. quadripunctata (8891): 8184, 86 dorsal; 85 ventral; 8789 lateral; 88, 90 chelicera, inner; 91 palp. Рис. 8191. Самцы Enoplognatha gemina (81), E. mediterranea (82), E. mordax (83), E. parathoracica (8485), E. serratosignata (86), E. parathoracica (8788) и E. quadripunctata (8891): 8184, 86 сверху; 85 снизу; 8789 сбоку; 88, 90 хелицеры, изнутри; 91 пальпа.


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E.F. Huseynov & Yu.M.Marusik (see Table 1). If to account number of species and size of the country, Azerbaijan has second largest density of species per square (Table 1). The higher species density was found in Israel only. It seems that fauna of Azerbaijan is relatively well studied. Several Mediterranean countries have very few recorded species: Tunisia (4), Bosnia (3), Croatia (3), Syria (1).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. We thank all colleagues who helped us to organized expeditions to Azerbaijan: Halid Aliev, N.G. Talybly, Fizuli Guseinov; and we thank colleagues who supplied us with some unidentified material: H. Aliev, N. Snegovaya. Special thanks are to Seppo Koponen, who organized a joint stay of Yu.M. Marusik and E. Huseynov in Turku and allowed us to use the SEM. We are also grateful to K.G. Mikhailov (Moscow) who allowed us to study Dunins material deposited in ZMMU. V. Rinne (Turku) helped us with making digital photographs. English of the final draft was checked by Robin Leech (Edmonton).

Table 1. Data on Enoplognatha species diversity in Mediterranean and European countries. Таблица 1. Данные по разнообразию видов рода Enoplognatha в Средиземноморских и Европейских странах.
Country Azerbaijan Greece Spain France Algeria Morocco Portugal Bulgaria Turkey Romania Hungary Israel Tunisia Species number 11 13 13 11 11 10 9 8 8 7 7 6 4 Square x10?km 87 132 505 551 2382 447 92 111 781 238 93 14 164 Species square 0.13 0.10 0.03 0.02 0.005 0.02 0.10 0.07 0.01 0.03 0.08 0.43 0.02 References* 6 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 4 5 1 1

*1 Bosmans & Van Keer, 1999; 2 Cardoso, 2000; 3 Deltshev & Blagoev, 2001; 4 Weiss & Urбk, 2000; 5 Samu & Szinetбr,1999; 6 present data

References
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Enoplognatha testacea Simon, 1884
RECORDS. Absheron Peninsula [Dunin, 1984]. COMMENTS. A reexamination of Dunins collection revealed that the specimens identified by him as E. testacea belong to E. quadripunctata which is the most abundant representative of the genus in Absheron Peninsula and other parts of Azerbaijan.

Enoplognatha thoracica (Hahn, 1833)
RECORDS. Absheron Peninsula, Khyzy Dist. (Tazakyand, Yarymja) [Guseinov & Rubtsova, 2001]. COMMENTS. These records refer to E. quadripunctata.

Discussion
As a result of the present study, 7 species of Enoplognatha new to the fauna of Azerbaijan were found. Of these four are new to the fauna of the former Soviet Union, two for Caucasus and one for Azerbaijan. At the same time 3 species were found to be mistakenly reported for the fauna of Azerbaijan. Thus we excluded these species from the list of known Azerbaijan Enoplognatha. The only exception is Enoplognatha oelandica, which although being erroneously recorded from Azerbaijan previously, was found to be in Azerbaijan. At the present fauna of Azerbaijan amounts to 11 properly recorded species. Judging from the distribution of different Enoplognatha species, it is possible to expect additional species in Azerbaijan, such as E. caricis (Fickert, 1876). This species is known from Europe, including Italy [Bosmans & Van Keer,1999], India and Kyrgyzstan (personal data), all of Siberia and western Nearctic [Marusik et al., 2000]. Among Mediterranean countries Azerbaijan has one the highest species diversity of Enoplognatha. By species number only Greece and Spain have more species


Enoplognatha from Azerbaijan
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