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Arthropoda Selecta 18(1-2): 35-46

ї ARTHROPODA SELECTA, 2009

The spider genus Trachelas L. Koch, 1872 in Crimea and Caucasus with the description of Paratrachelas gen.n. (Aranei: Corinnidae) Пауки рода Trachelas L. Koch, 1872 Крыма и Кавказа с описанием Paratrachelas gen.n. (Aranei: Corinnidae) Mykola M. Kovblyuk, Anton A. Nadolny Н.М. Ковблюк, А.А. Надольный
Zoology Department, National Taurida V.I. Vernadsky University, Yaltinskaya street 4, Simferopol 95007 Ukraine. E-mail: kovblyuk@mail.ru Кафедра зоологии Таврического национального университета им. В.И.Вернадского, ул. Ялтинская 4, Симферополь 95007 Украина.

KEY WORDS: spiders, Trachelas, Paratrachelas gen.n., redescriptions, new distribution records, phenology, Crimea, Abkhazia, Ingushetia. КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: пауки, Trachelas, Paratrachelas gen.n., переописания, новые находки, фенология, Крым, Абхазия, Ингушетия. ABSTRACT. The Corinnidae genus Paratrachelas gen.n. is described with P. maculatus Thorell, 1875 comb.n. (ex Trachelas L. Koch, 1872) as its type species and with an additional species P. acuminus (Zhu et An, 1988) comb.n. (ex Trachelas) from China and Korea. The type species of Trachelas (T. minor O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) is re-described. T. minor is recorded for the first time from Crimea and Ukraine, and for Ingushetia (Russia) and Abkhazia. Diagnostic drawings, distribution, spatial distribution and phenology are provided for both Trachelas minor and Paratrachelas maculatus. РЕЗЮМЕ. В семействе Corinnidae описан новый род Paratrachelas gen.n. с типовым видом P. maculatus Thorell, 1875 comb.n. ex Trachelas L. Koch, 1872. В состав рода входит также P. acuminus (Zhu et An, 1988) comb.n. ex Trachelas из Китая и Кореи. Переописан типовой вид рода Trachelas T. minor O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872. T. minor впервые зарегистрирован в Крыму (соответственно и на Украине), а также в Ингушетии (Россия) и Абхазии. Для обоих видов (T. minor и P. maculatus) приведены переописания, диагностические рисунки, географическое распространение, биотопическая приуроченность в Крыму и фенология. 1974a; Platnick & Ewing, 1995] (Figs 68-70, 72-73). However these cusps are absent in the type species of Trachelas L. Koch, 1872 -- T. minor O. PickardCambridge, 1872 (Figs 29-36). The genus Trachelas currently contains 88 described species [Platnick, 2009] from North and South America, Africa, Europe and Asia. The genus has been well revised in North and Central America only [Platnick & Shadab, 1974a, b]. Spiders of the genus Trachelas have a 'bright red carapace which contrasts strikingly with a pale white abdomen', but 'considerable diversity in the genitalia, the shape of endites, the cheliceral dentition, and the distribution of trichobothria' [Platnick & Shadab, 1974a: 3]. In the revision of the North and South American Trachelas species, two genera were resurrected: Trachelopachys Simon, 1897, and Meriola Banks, 1895 [Platnick & Ewing, 1995]. But in the Old World, Trachelas is unrevised. In the Palaearctic 16 species are known: 9 species were described from Europe and the Canary and Azores islands, 1 from North Africa, and 6 from Asia [Platnick, 2009]. Only 5 of the 9 species known from Europe, Canary and Azores were well described and illustrated: T. canariensis Wunderlich, 1987; T. maculatus Thorell, 1875; T. macrochelis Wunderlich, 1992; T. rayi Simon, 1878; T. uniaculeatus Schmidt, 1956 [Mikhailov, 1987; Wunderlich, 1987, 1992]. The other four European species are poorly known (T. minor, T. praestans (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1911), T. purus Kritscher, 1969, T. validus Simon, 1884). Two Trachelas species were found in Crimea: the type species of the genus, T. minor, and a species with the type locality on the Peninsula, T. maculatus Thorell, 1875. The goal of this paper is to re-describe and illustrate these species and to describe the new genus with the type T. maculatus.

Introduction
Trachelinae genera of Corinnidae in the Old World may be easily recognized by the total absence of leg spines (in both sexes) and the presence, at least in males, of a ventral series of small blunt cusps on the last three segments of the anterior legs (tibiae, metatarsi, and tarsi of legs I and II) [Platnick & Shadab,


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Figs 1-5. Copulatory organs of Trachelas minor: 1 -- male palp, retrolateral view; 2 -- male palp, ventral view; 3 -- epigyne, ventral view; 4 -- epigyne, ventral view (after maceration); 5 -- epigyne, dorsal view (after maceration). Рис. 15. Копулятивные органы Trachelas minor: 1 пальпа самца, ретролатерально; 2 пальпа самца, вентрально; 3 эпигина, вентрально; 4 эпигина, вентрально (после мацерации); 5 эпигина, дорсально (после мацерации).

Material and Methods
Specimens for this study were recently collected in Crimea and Abkhazia by the first author, and other collectors mentioned in the text, mostly by pitfall traps. All specimens were returned to, or deposited in, the following collections: CP -- personal collection of A.V. Ponomarev, Rostov-on-Don, Russia; EMZ -- personal collection of E.M. Zhukovets, Minsk, Belarus; TNU -- Zoology Department of V.I. Vernadsky Taurida National University, Simferopol, Ukraine, M.M. Kovblyuk; ZMMU -- Zoological Museum of the Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, K.G. Mikhailov. The following abbreviations are used in the text: a -- apical; AM, AL, PM, PL -- anterior median, anterior

lateral, posterior median and posterior lateral eyes; p -- prolateral; RTA -- retrolateral tibial apophysis of male palp; v -- ventral. The following abbreviations have been used for morphological terms: Ap -- anterior pocket of epigyne; C -- conductor; Cu -- cusp; E -- embolus; Md -- median ducts of epigyne; Pa -- patellar apophysis; Pb -- preening brush on distal end of metatarsus; Pc -- preening comb on distal end of metatarsus; RTA -- retrolateral tibial apophysis; To -- tegular outgrowth; Tu -- tuft on distal end of tarsus. Coloration was described from specimens preserved in 75% ethanol/water solution with added glycerin (9:1 by volume). Legs and palpal segments were measured after separation from the cephalothorax. All measurements are in mm. All scale bars equal 0.1 mm.


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Taxonomic survey
Trachelas L. Koch, in O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872
Type species: T. minor O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872

Trachelas minor O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872 Figs 1-36.
T. m. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872: 256, pl. 16, f. 41 (). T. m.: Simon, 1878: 283-284 (). T. m.: Simon, 1897: 179, 184, f. 178 (). T. m.: Simon, 1932: 957-958, 977, f. 1498-1499 (). MATERIAL. UKRAINE, CRIMEA. Saky Distr.: 1 , 2 (TNU-1679/18; 1682/17; 1683/11), env. Pribrezhnaya railway station, 19.05.-19.07.2000; Simferopol Distr.: 3 , 5 (TNU- 1830/9; 1832/13; 1835/17; 1836/32), env. Skvortsovo Vil., 27.02.- 1.06.2002. ABKHAZIA: 1 (TNU-2636/1), N 43њ9'43", E 40њ25'7", env. Pitsunda, mouth of Ryapsh river, Myusser Distr. of Pitsundo-Myussersky Reserve, kolhida wood, 1-7.07.2008. RUSSIA, INGUSHETIA: 1 (CP: 46.10.1/1), Megas, sweeping, 26.08.2004, T.V. Khanov.

NOTE. Type locality -- Syria [Simon, 1878]. DISTRIBUTION. West Africa and the Ancient Mediterranean region -- from Spain to Uzbekistan: Sierra-Leone, Liberia, Algeria, Spain, France, Italy, Greece, Syria, Krasnodar Area of Russia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan [Simon, 1878, 1932; Mikhailov, Seyfulina, 2003]; Crimea (Ukraine), Abkhazia and Ingushetia (Russia). COMMENTS. T. minor is a species newly recorded in Crimea (Ukraine), Ingushetia (Russia) and Abkhazia. HABITATS. In Crimea -- meadows near water in the plains region. Our data about habitats correspond well to those of E. Simon [Simon, 1878]. PHENOLOGY. -- II-V; -- II-VII and VIII (in Ingushetia).

Paratrachelas gen.n.
COMPOSITION. P. maculatus (Thorell, 1875) comb.n. and P. acuminus (Zhu et An, 1988) comb.n. -- both ex Trachelas. ETYMOLOGY. The generic name refers to Para- (lat. sub-equal, accompanying, nearest) and the related genus Trachelas. DIAGNOSIS. From T. minor, the type species of Trachelas, members of this genus are distinguished by 1) lack of apophysis on the male palpal patella, 2) presence of RTA, 3) presence of anterior pocket of epigyne in front of anterior pair of receptacles, and 4) absence of median ducts of epigyne. Some of these differences (3 and 4) were mentioned by K.G. Mikhailov [1987] for species of the maculatus group, but we suggest these differences are of the generic level, not of the species group. Presence and/or absence of the tibial and/or patellar apophyses are very important generic characters. Presence of anterior pocket of epigyne is an apparently synapomorphic character that supports the monophyly of the genus. Paratrachelas gen.n. similar to some species of Neotropical genus Meriola Banks, 1895, in having an RTA, no apophysis on patella, and having anterior pocket of epigyne, for example M. californica (Banks, 1904); M. foraminosa (Keyserling, 1891); M. manuel Platnick & Ewing, 1995; M. mauryi Platnick & Ewing, 1995; M. penai Platnick & Ewing, 1995; M. rahue Platnick & Ewing, 1995; M. tablas Platnick & Ewing, 1995 [Platnick & Shadab, 1974b; Platnick & Ewing, 1995]. But the anterior epigynal pocket is absent in the type species of Meriola -- M. decepta Banks, 1895 [Platnick & Shadab, 1974b: 105-106]. Meriola species have elongated and sharply tipped ventral leg cusps [Platnick & Ewing, 1995], unlike in Trachelas and Paratrachelas. In addition, some Meriola species have normal leg spines [Platnick & Ewing, 1995]. Meriola has a Neotropical range [Platnick & Ewing, 1995; Platnick, 2009] and it is not found in Europe. Main differences among genera Trachelas, Meriola and Paratrachelas gen.n., based on their type species, are given in Table 1. DISTRIBUTION. This genus is Palaearctic and known from Hungary, Bulgaria, Ukraine (Crimea), China (Shanxi) and Korea.
Type species: Trachelas maculatus Thorell, 1875.

DIAGNOSIS. T. minor is most similar to T. canariensis Wunderlich, 1987, from the Canary Islands [Wunderlich, 1987: 238, f. 636-639], but differs in having a much shorter embolus (in T. canariensis the embolus reaches the distal end of cymbium) and by different proportions of the epigynal ducts. DESCRIPTION. Measurements ( / ; n = 1 / 1): total length 1.9 / 2.4; carapace 0.9 / 1.0 long, 0.8 / 0.8 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: AM 0.07 / 0.07, AL 0.08 / 0.08, PM 0.07 / 0.08, PL 0.07 / 0.07, AM-AM 0.04 / 0.04, AM-AL 0.01 / 0.01, PM-PM 0.06 / 0.05, PM-PL 0.04 / 0.04, AM-PM 0.02 / 0.01, AL-PL 0.04 / 0.04. Distances between anterior eyes and clypeal margin: AM-clypeus 0.06 / 0.07, AL-clypeus 0.05 / 0.06. Length of leg segments (male / female):
I II III IV femur 0.6/0.6 0.5/0.6 0.4/0.4 0.6/0.7 patella 0.3/0.3 0.3/0.3 0.2/0.2 0.2/0.3 tibia 0.5/0.5 0.4/0.4 0.3/0.3 0.5/0.5 metatarsus 0.4/0.4 0.4/0.4 0.4/0.4 0.5/0.6 tarsus 0.3/0.3 0.3/0.3 0.2/0.2 0.3/0.3 Total length 2.1/2.1 1.9/2.0 1.5/1.5 2.1/2.4

Length of palpal segments (male / female): femur 0.2 / 0.3, patella 0.1 / 0.2, tibia 0.1 / 0.2, cymbium / tarsus 0.3 / 0.3. Legs spines and cusps absent (Figs 29-36). All legs with claw tufts; metatarsi III-IV with distal preening combs (Figs 29-36). Cheliceral teeth (anterior + posterior): 3 / 3 +2 / 2, length of basal cheliceral segment (paturon) 0.35 / 0.35. Length of basal segments of spinnerets: anterior 0.08 / 0.10, median 0.07 / 0.08, posterior 0.08 / 0.10. Carapace and sternum brown with vermiculation. Abdomen light gray. Legs and palps light brown. Habitus: male -- Figs 6-12; female -- Figs 17-21. Male palp: Figs 1-2, 13-16. Female epigyne: Figs 3-5, 22-23. Tibia of male palp without retrolateral tibial apophysis, patella with retrolateral tooth-like apophysis. Embolus coiled. Conductor poorly developed. Tegulum with dorsoapical outgrowth near base of embolus. Epigyne without anterior epigynal margin, without lateral pockets. Copulatory openings anterior of spermathecae. VARIATION. Male total lengths (n = 2) 1.9; carapace (n=4) length 0.9; width -- 0.8 to 0.9. Female total length (n = 5) 2.4 to 2.8; carapace length (n=6) 0.9 to 1.0; width 0.8 to 0.9. Female from Ingushetia larger than females from Crimea: total length 3.1; carapace 1.1 length, 1.0 width.

Paratrachelas maculatus (Thorell, 1875) comb.n. Figs 37-81.
Trachelas m. Thorell, 1875a: 77 (). Trachelas m. Thorell, 1875b: 87 ().


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Figs 6-16. Male of Trachelas minor: 6 -- cephalothorax, frontal view; 7 -- carapace; 8 -- sternum; 9 -- abdomen, dorsal view; 10 -- abdomen, ventral view; 11 -- general appearance, dorsal view; 12 -- general appearance, ventral view; 13 -- palp, retrolateral view (after maceration); 14 -- palp, ventral view (after maceration); 15 -- apical part of palp, retrolateral view (after maceration); 16 -- apical part of bulbus, ventral view (after maceration). Рис. 616. Самец Trachelas minor: 6 головогрудь, спереди; 7 карапакс; 8 стернум; 9 брюшко, дорсально; 10 брюшко, вентрально; 11 габитус, дорсально; 12 габитус, вентрально; 13 пальпа, ретролатерально (после мацерации); 14 пальпа, вентрально (после мацерации); 15 верхняя часть пальпы, ретролатерально (после мацерации); 16 верхняя часть бульбуса, вентрально (после мацерации).


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Figs 17-23. Female of Trachelas minor: 17 -- cephalothorax, frontal view; 18 -- carapace; 19 -- sternum; 20 -- general appearance, dorsal view; 21 -- general appearance, ventral view; 22 -- epigyne, ventral view (after maceration); 23 -- epigyne, dorsal view (after maceration). Рис. 1723. Самка Trachelas minor: 17 головогрудь, спереди; 18 карапакс; 19 стернум; 20 габитус, дорсально; 21 габитус, вентрально; 22 эпигина, вентрально (после мацерации); 23 эпигина, дорсально (после мацерации).


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Figs 24-36. Trachelas minor: 24 -- female chelicerae, ventral view; 25 -- male chelicerae, dorsal view; 26 -- male spinnerets, dorsocaudal view; 27 -- female spinnerets, dorso-caudal view; 28 -- female spinnerets, lateral view; 29-32 -- male legs (tarsus-metatarsus) I- IV, prolateral view; 33-36 -- female legs (tarsus-metatarsus) I-IV, prolateral view. Рис. 2436. Trachelas minor: 24 хелицера самки, вентрально; 25 хелицера самца, дорсально; 26 паутинные бородавки самца, сверхусзади; 27 паутинные бородавки самки, сверхусзади; 28 паутинные бородавки самки, сбоку; 2932 лапка предлапка ног IIV самца, пролатерально; 3336 лапкапредлапка ног IIV самки, пролатерально.


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Table 1. Differences among genera Trachelas, Meriola and Paratrachelas gen.n., based on their type species. Таблица 1. Отличия между родами Trachelas, Meriola и Paratrachelas gen.n., основанные на их типовых видах.
Type species Cusps on male legs III tarsusmetatarsustibia Normal leg spines Patellar apophysis RTA Anterior pocket of epigyne Median ducts of epigyne Generic range Trachelas T. minor absent absent present absent absent present Holarctic Meriola M. decepta present (elongated and sharply tipped) absent in type species (present in some others) absent present absent absent Neotropic Paratrachelas gen.n. P. maculatus present (short and blunt) absent absent present present absent Palaearctic

Figs 37-41. Copulatory organs of Paratrachelas maculatus: 37 -- male palp, retrolateral view; 38 -- male palp, ventral view; 39 -- epigyne, ventral view; 40 -- epigyne, ventral view (after maceration); 41 -- epigyne, dorsal view (after maceration). Рис. 3741. Копулятивные органы Paratrachelas maculatus: 37 пальпа самца, ретролатерально; 38 пальпа самца, вентрально; 39 эпигина, вентрально; 40 эпигина, вентрально (после мацерации); 41 эпигина, дорсально (после мацерации).


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or epigynal pocket in front of anterior pair of receptacles, and lateral epigynal pockets. Copulatory openings with lateral epigynal pockets, located posterior of spermathecae. VARIATION. Male total length (n = 4) 3.0 to 4.0; carapace length (n=7) 1.4 to 2.1; width 1.2 to 1.8. Female total length (n = 5) 3.4 to 5.2; carapace length (n=6) 1.7 to 2.2; width 1.5 to 1.9. NOTE. Type locality -- Crimea [Thorell, 1875a, b]. DISTRIBUTION. Eastern Europe: Hungary, Bulgaria, Ukraine (Crimea) [Thorell, 1875a, b; Chyzer & Kulczyсski, 1897; Mikhailov, 1987]. HABITATS. P. maculatus was collected by pitfall traps and under tree bark in sub-mediterranean parklands of south Crimea, in sub-montane and montane forest-steppes of north Crimea, and in forest plantations of Ulmus sp., Pinus pallasiana, and Bambusa sp. PHENOLOGY. -- VII-IX; --VIII-I.

FAUNISCIC RECORDS FROM CRIMEA: Thorell, 1875a -- as T. m. sp.nov.; Thorell, 1875b; Spassky, 1927; Charitonov, 1932; Tyshchenko, 1971; Mikhailov, 1987, 1997; Kovblyuk, 2002, 2004a, b; Kovblyuk et al., 2008 -- all as Trachelas. MATERIAL. UKRAINE, CRIMEA. Bakhchisaray Distr.: 1 (TNU), env. Vilino Vil., Syrkayr dell, 14.10.1999; Dzhankoy Distr.: 1 (EMZ), env. Prostornoe Vil., 10.11. 1998; Feodosiya Distr.: 1 (TNU-1808/2), Karadagh Nature Reserve, north slope of Beregovoy Mt. range, Fraxinus, 15.10.2003; 3 (TNU-1981/5, 2295/3, 2292/4), Karadagh Nature Reserve, Biological station, 11.2004-31.01.2007, O.V. Kukushkin; Sevastopol Distr.: 1 (EMZ), env. Sarych Cape, 07.1998, O.V. Kukushkin; Simferopol Distr.: 9 (TNU, ZMMU), env. Fersmanovo Vil., Kessler's Forest, 4.09.1998-26.08.2000; 1 , 1 (TNU-1933/9), ChatyrDagh Mt., Orlinoe gorge, 11.08.-2.09.2000; Yalta Distr.: 1 (ZMMU-1264/10), Yalta, Massandra Park, 22.10.- 12.11.2000. DIAGNOSIS. P. maculatus is closely related to P. acuminus (Zhu et An, 1988) from China and Korea [Song et al., 1999: f. 255O-P, 256E-F; Song et al., 2001: f. 208A-G], but differs in having a much wider conductor in the male (in P. acuminus the conductor is as thin as the embolus and pointed; in P. maculatus the conductor is much thicker than the embolus and not pointed) and a narrower anterior epigynal pocket in the female. DESCRIPTION. Measurements ( / ; n = 1 / 1): total length 3.1 / 4.8; carapace 1.6 / 1.9 long, 1.4 / 1.7 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: AM 0.11 / 0.13, AL 0.13 / 0.13, PM 0.13 / 0.14, PL 0.10 / 0.11, AM-AM 0.06 / 0.06, AM-AL 0.06 / 0.06, PM-PM 0.13 / 0.15, PM-PL 0.14 / 0.15, AM-PM 0.06 / 0.07, AL-PL 0.11 / 0.11. Distances between anterior eyes and clypeal margin: AM-clypeus 0.07 / 0.08, AL-clypeus 0.04 / 0.05. Length of leg segments (male / female):
I II III IV femur 1.3/1.3 1.2/1.3 0.8/0.9 1.0/1.3 patella 0.6/0.7 0.6/0.6 0.4/0.5 0.4/0.6 tibia 1.2/1.0 1.0/1.0 0.6/0.7 0.9/1.0 metatarsus 1.0/0.9 0.9/0.9 0.7/0.8 1.0/1.2 tarsus 0.5/0.5 0.5/0.5 0.3/0.3 0.4/0.4 Total length 4.6/4.4 4.2/4.3 2.8/3.2 3.7/4.5

Trachelas m.: Chyzer & Kulczyсski, 1897: 252-253, pl. 10, f. 15 (). Trachelas m.: Mikhailov, 1987: 1584-1586, f. 1-2 ().

Discussion
Among the Nearctic Trachelas species, only T. borinquensis Gertsch, 1942, from Puerto Rico has patellar apophyses and lacks tibial apophyses [Platnick & Shadab, 1974b: f. 79-80]. Additionally, most Nearctic Trachelas species have cusps on male legs I-II, which are absent in the type species. This suggests that American species (except T. borinquensis) should probably be assigned to another genus (or genera). In the Palaearctic region only a few species have patellar apophyses (probably, only T. canariensis Wunderlich, 1987, T. japonicus Bцsenberg & Strand, 1906, and T. sinensis Chen, Peng & Zhao, 1995). Only these species are probable congeners to the type species and represent Trachelas sensu stricto; the remaining species probably represent additional genera. As was mentioned earlier, among the Neotropical Trachelinae, some species of the genus Meriola Banks, 1895, have anterior pocket of epigyne [Platnick & Shadab, 1974b; Platnick & Ewing, 1995]. But the anterior epigynal pocket is absent in the type species of Meriola -- M. decepta [Platnick & Shadab, 1974b: 105-106]. In addition, some Meriola species have normal leg spines, unlike the type species [Platnick & Ewing, 1995]. Probably, the genera Meriola and Trachelas are both polyphyletic. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. The authors sincerely thank E.M. Zhukovets (Minsk, Belarus) for help with species identification, A.V. Ponomarev (Rostov-on-Don, Russia) for information and measurements concerning the female specimen of T. minor from Ingushetia, O.V. Kukushkin (Karadagh Nature Reserve, Ukraine) for providing some spider specimens from Crimea, and Yu.M. Marusik (Magadan, Russia) for the important remarks and corrections and for the reference search, and G. Levy (Jerusalem, Israel) and E. GavishRegev (Tel-Aviv, Israel) for the search of the old papers. We offer many thank to R.S. Dbar (Sukhum, Abkhazia), N.N. Yunakov (St.-Petersburg, Russia), A.A. Khaustov (Yalta, Ukraine), O.S. Bezman-Moseyko and E.G. Sergeeva (both -- St.-Petersburg, Russia) for much help during the collecting trip of M.K. in July 2008 to Abkhazia; P.E. Gol'din (Simferopol) for improving the English of the earlier draft, and two anonymous reviewers, who gave valuable comments. English of the final draft was checked by Robin Leech (Edmonton, Canada).

Length of palpal segments (male / female): femur 0.6 / 0.6, patella 0.2 / 0.2, tibia 0.2 / 0.4, cymbium / tarsus 0.7 / 0.5. Legs spines absent. All legs with claw tufts; metatarsi III-IV with distal preening brush (Figs 72-75, 78-81). Male (n = 3) I-II legs with some cusps (Figs 68-70, 72-73): I -- tibia: v-p 1 or 0; metatarsus: v-p 1-1 or 1-1-1, v 2-2(a) or 0; tarsus: v 1 or 1-1-1; II -- metatarsus: v-p from 1-1 to 1-1-11-1, v 2-2 or 0; tarsus: v-p 1 or 1-1-1, v 1-1 or 0. Cheliceral teeth (anterior + posterior): 3 / 3 +2 / 2, length of base cheliceral segment (n / = 2 / 2) 0.6-0.8 / 0.9. Length of basal segments of spinnerets: anterior 0.14 / 0.18, median 0.11 / 0.14, posterior 0.12 / 0.17. Carapace dark brown with vermiculation. Sternum brown. Abdomen gray. Legs and palps light brown. Habitus: male -- Figs 42-48; female -- Figs 55-61. Male palp: Figs 37-38, 49-54. Female epigyne: Figs 39-41, 62-64. Tibia of male palp with retrolateral tibial apophysis, patella without apophysis. Tibial apophysis as long as tibia. Embolus coiled around conductor. From ventral view conductor wide, with small pointed lobes on edge (Figs 38, 54). Epigyne with well developed C-shaped anteri-


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Figs 42-54. Male of Paratrachelas maculatus: 42 -- cephalothorax, frontal view; 43 -- carapace; 44 -- sternum; 45 -- abdomen, dorsal view; 46 -- abdomen, ventral veiw; 47 -- general appearance, dorsal view; 48 -- general appearance, ventral view; 49 -- palp, retrolateral view; 50 -- palp, ventral view; 51 -- palp, retrolateral view (after maceration); 52 -- palp, ventral view (after maceration); 53 -- apical part of palp, retrolateral view (after maceration); 54 -- apical part of bulbus, ventral view (after maceration). Рис. 4254. Самец Paratrachelas maculatus: 42 головогрудь, спереди; 43 карапакс; 44 стернум; 45 брюшко, дорсально; 46 брюшко, вентрально; 47 габитус, дорсально; 48 габитус, вентрально; 49 пальпа, ретролатерально; 50 пальпа, вентрально; 51 пальпа, ретролатерально (после мацерации); 52 пальпа, вентрально (после мацерации); 53 верхняя часть пальпы, ретролатерально (после мацерации); 54 верхняя часть бульбуса, вентрально (после мацерации).


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M.M. Kovblyuk, A.A. Nadolny

Figs 55-64. Female of Paratrachelas maculatus: 55 -- cephalothorax, frontal view; 56 -- carapace; 57 -- sternum; 58 -- abdomen, dorsal view; 59 -- abdomen, ventral veiw; 60 -- general appearance, dorsal view; 61 -- general appearance, ventral view; 62 -- epigyne, ventral view; 63 -- epigyne, ventral view (after maceration); 64 -- epigyne, dorsal view (after maceration). Рис. 5564. Самка Paratrachelas maculatus: 55 головогрудь, спереди; 56 карапакс; 57 стернум; 58 брюшко, дорсально; 59 брюшко, вентрально; 60 габитус, дорсально; 61 габитус, вентрально; 62 эпигина, вентрально; 63 эпигина, вентрально (после мацерации); 64 эпигина, дорсально (после мацерации).

This work of M.K. was supported in part by the Karadagh Nature Reserve and the Yalta Forest-Mountain Reserve, and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant No 09-0490900-моб_снг_ст).

References
Charitonov D.E. 1932. Katalog der russischen Spinnen. AN SSSR. Leningrad: Izdatelstvo AN SSSR. 206 S.


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Figs 65-81. Paratrachelas maculatus: 65 -- female chelicerae, ventral view; 66 -- male chelicerae, ventral view; 67 -- male chelicerae, dorsal view; 68 -- male tibia I, prolateral view; 69-70 -- male tarsus I, prolateral view; 71 -- male spinnerets, dorsal view; 72- 75 -- male legs (tarsus-metatarsus) I-IV, prolateral view; 76 -- female spinnerets, dorsal view; 77 -- female spinnerets, dorso-lateral view; 78-81 -- female legs (tarsus-metatarsus) I-IV, prolateral view. Рис. 6581. Paratrachelas maculatus: 65 хелицера самки, вентрально; 66 хелицера самца, вентрально; 67 хелицера самца, дорсально; 68 голень I самца, пролатерально; 6970 лапка I самца, пролатерально; 71 паутинные бородавки самца, дорсально; 7275 лапкипредлапки IIV самца, пролатерально; 76 паутинные бородавки самки, сверху; 77 паутинные бородавки самки, сверхусбоку; 7881 лапкипредлапки IIV самки, пролатерально.


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