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Arthropoda Selecta 13 (3): 109112

ї ARTHROPODA SELECTA, 2004

First record of Pleuroxus pigroides (Lilljeborg, 1901) in Russia Первая находка Pleuroxus pigroides (Lilljeborg, 1901) в России N.N. Smirnov Н.Н. Смирнов
A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Leninskii prospect 33, Moscow 119071 Russia. Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А.Н. Северцова РАН, Ленинский проспект 33, Москва 119071 Россия.

KEY WORDS: Cladocera, Chydoridae, distribution. КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: Cladocera, Chydoridae, распространение. ABSTRACT. A second locality of Pleuroxus pigroides (Lilljeborg, 1901), initially described from southern Sweden, has been found in Lake Glubokoe, Moscow region, Russia. РЕЗЮМЕ: Обнаружено второе местонахождение Pleuroxus pigroides (Lilljeborg, 1901) (в прибрежье оз. Глубокого, Московская область, Россия) после его первоначального описания из южной Швеции. Pleuroxus pigroides (Lilljeborg, 1901) was found in a swamp near Uppsala in 1890 and 1896 and described as Chydorus pigroides Lillejeborg, 1901. Since then it has evaded carcinologists and limnologists. It has never been found again in Sweden, and was not recorded in thorough surveys of Denmark [Rшen, 1995], Yorkshire [Fryer, 1993], the former Czechoslovakia [Рrбmek-Huлek et al., 1962], Romania [Negrea, 1983], Italy [Margaritora, 1985], or Spain [Alonso, 1996]. Flцssner [2000], in his recent treatment of the Cladocera of Germany, having examined Lilljeborgs material, included this species, referring to its sole occurrence in Sweden. It was omitted from the first edition of Limnofauna Europea [Hrbaиek et al., 1967] but included in the second edition [Hrbaиek et al., 1978]. Prуszyсska [1978] lists a sole and questionable occurrence of Chydorus pigroides in Poland. The only existing material of 55 specimens collected by Lilljeborg in a swamp near Uppsala in 1890, and 1 female collected in 1896 was studied later by Frey [1976], who correctly placed C. pigroides in the genus Pleuroxus. In the course of a survey of the fauna of the waters edge of Lake Glubokoe (Moscow Area, Russia) in 2004, numerous individuals of this species were collected. This species may be identified by the characters given in the description below and in the detailed redescription made by Frey [1976]. Pleuroxus pigroides (Lilljeborg, 1901) Figs 111.
Lilljeborg, 1901: 571573, Tab. 78, figs 1014 (Chydorus); Frey, 1976: 8997, Figs 19; Flцssner, 2000: 268270, Abb. 100. MATERIAL. Over 50 from Lake Glubokoe (August September 2004) and 1 (September 29, 2004).

SLIDES. In view of the obvious rarity of this species, reference specimens on slides were prepared in Canada balsam and deposited in the collection at the Zoological Museum of Moscow University: nos. 37113716, 3718, ephippium 3719. Specimens are not stained. DIAGNOSIS. Females appear as a small Pleuroxus, up to 0.4 mm. In lateral view, the body elongated but rather high, ratio length:height 1.3:1 in my material and in previous authors. Rather compressed from sides. Rostrum long and pointed. Posterior end of shell rounded, no denticles. Ventral side of valve much less convex than the upper side, bulging very slightly before the middle, with a dense fringe of plumose setules. Valves sculptured very weakly. Labral lamella cuneiform, with clear but not pointed apex. Postabdomen rather short, blackish, with thin anal teeth, ca. 7. Its marked distinction is that it narrows after the preanal angle, which is thus clearly prominent. Its dorso-distal angle is rounded and rather protruding. Ephippium (Fig. 11, slide 3719) imperfect, characteristic of the genus Pleuroxus. Male smaller than females, oval in lateral view. Postabdomen generally not differing from that of females, with anal teeth. The place where P. pigroides was collected in Lake Glubokoe is at the edge of the water, protected from the lake with a dense stand of Carex sp. Sampling was intended for surveying shallow-water invertebrate fauna and was started at two stations at the edge of the water, the second one being protected by Phragmites. After P. pigroides was found at station 1, collections were continued at this station only. An additional sample, taken on September 2 at the waters edge opposite to the Laboratory House, contained no specimens of P. pigroides. Each sample was about 2 l of water from the 5 6 cm deep zone. Water was yellow, pH 7.3 on August 31 and pH6 on September 29, conductivity 110 and 100 mS/cm on the same dates (determined by N.M. Korovchinsky with Watercheck, Hanna Instruments). During the period of sampling the water level decreased by 10 cm and water receded from the shore. Most samples were taken after heavy rains, the last samples after cool nights (25њC). A stable population of P. pigroides was observed from early August till early November. Males were found in late September. Its abundance attained 6% of the total number of all invertebrates in a sample, approximately a few dozen individuals per liter. P. pigroides was never recorded from Lake Glubokoe by previous authors. It was never seen by me in the course of my


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Figs 15. Pleuroxus pigroides from Lake Glubokoe, August 9, 2004. 1 lateral view; 2 rostrum and antennulae; 3 labrum and antennulae; 4 part of the ventral side of valve; 5 postabdomen. Scale: 1 0.1 mm, 25 0.01 mm. Photomicrographs were taken using a digital camera Olympus Camedia 4000 attached to a microscope Olympus CX41. Рис. 15. Pleuroxus pigroides из озера Глубокое, 9 августа 2004 г. 1 вид сбоку; 2 рострум и антенулы; 3 лабрум и антеннулы; 4 часть вентрального края створки с щетинками; 5 постабдомен. Масштаб: 1 0,1 мм, 25 0,01 мм.

Figs 510. Pleuroxus pigroides from Lake Glubokoe, September 29, 2004. 1 lateral view; 2 rostrum, antennula, and antenna; 3 labrum and limb I; 4 part of the ventral side of valve; 5 postabdomen. Scale bar: 6, 10 0.1 mm, 79 0.01 mm. Рис. 510. Pleuroxus pigroides из озера Глубокое, 29 сентября 2004 г. 1 вид сбоку; 2 рострум, антеннула и антенна; 3 лабрум и торакальная конечность первой пары; 4 Часть вентрального края створки с щетинками; 5 постабдомен. Масштаб: 6, 10 0,1 мм, 79 0,01 мм.


First record of Pleuroxus pigroides in Russia

111

Table. Pleuroxus pigroides and its companion species at the waters edge of Lake Glubokoe in 2004 (percentages of the total number of invertebrates at each station). Таблица. Pleuroxus pigroides и сопровождающие его виды в зоне уреза воды озера Глубокого в 2004 г. (проценты от общего числа беспозвоночных на каждой станции).
St at ion a nd da te 1- 7. V II 2- 7. V II 2 -2 4. V II 1 -9 . VI II 2- 9 . VI II 1- 19 . VI II 1- 2.IX 1- 9.IX 1 -2 9. IX 1 -11. X 1- 1.X I

A cro peru s h arp ae s .l. A lo na affin is A lona costa ta Alo nella exigu a C ampto ceru s rectiros tris Ceriod ap hn. laticau da ta Chydo rus o va lis Da phnia curviros tris E ur ycercus lamellatu s Grap toleb er. tes tud inar ia Kur zia latis sima Latho nu ra rectiro tris Meg afenestr a aur ita Oxyurella tenu icaud is P icripleuro xus laevis P leuroxu s pigro ides P leu roxus trig onellu s P leu roxus tru ncatu s Pleu ro xus uncinatu s P olyph emu s pediculu s Ps eu do chyd. glob osu s Sca pholeber. mucro na ta S imoceph al. vetulu s
Cy clopo ida H arp ac tico ida Ostr aco da O ther inv erteb rates 1 2 60 0 ,5 4 18 4 3 2 41 2 1 7 3 12 12 1 0. 5 0. 5 9 2 15

1 2

1 0 .4

0 .4

0 .4 1 2 9 16 33 16 1 1 0 .5 1 2 1 0 .5 1 1 3 24 2 4 1 0 .4 0. 5 6 0 .5 2 .5 0 .5 0. 4 1 .5 0 .5 1 3 1 0 .4 1 3 0 .4 21 1 1 0 .9 2 0. 4 1 20 25 20 20 30 20 3 19 42 10 0 .9 6 43 1 15 74

0 .9 1 21 19 6 9 14 6 40 12 7 17 0 .5 7 4 5 5 5 4 18 12 0. 5 6 4 6 7 12 8 0. 9 19 10 0. 4 6 22 14 20 15 0. 9 1 9

close observations on the littoral fauna of this lake, which started in 1971. P. pigroides was absent in my thorough annual surveys of the fauna of the waters edge made in 19791982 [Smirnov, 1983] and in the survey of littoral crustacea made by Sinev in 1994 [Sinev, 1997]. It may be added that another Scandinavian species was observed in the littoral zone of Lake Glubokoe Camptocercus fennicus (Stenroos, 1898) as three specimens in 1986 and 1993 but it has never been collected since.

It is hardly possible to appraise this record in the aspect of the problem of animal invasions, as the geographic range of P. pigroides remains unknown. In spite of his long sojourn in Denmark and other European countries and his special attention, inter alia, to the genus Pleuroxus, Frey never collected P. pigroides. I have never seen it in any other of my collections from Eurasia or other continents. Whether the actual geographic range of P. pigroides is large or small remains unknown. Along with species with


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The study is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant 03-04-48879) and by the Ministry of Ecology of Moscow Region (contract 544-ECO).

References
Alonso M. 1996. Crustacea Branchiopoda // Fauna Iberica. Vol. 7. Museo nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid. 486 p. Flцssner D. 2000. Die Haplopoda und Cladocera (ohne Bosminidae) Mitteleuropas. Backhuys, Leiden. 428 pp. Frey D.G. 1976. Redescription of Chydorus pigroides Lilljeborg, 1900, and allocation to Pleuroxus (Cladocera, Chydoridae) // Crustaceana. Vol.30. Part 1. P.8997. Fryer G. 1993. The freshwater crustacea of Yorkshire. Kendal. 312 pp. Hrbaиek J., Straлraba M., Koшнnek V. 1967. Cladocera // Limnofauna Europaea. Stuttgart, etc.: Gustav Fischer. P.156161. Hrbaиek J., Koшнnek V., Frey D.G. 1978. Cladocera // Limnofauna Europaea. 2nd ed. Stuttgart: etc. Gustav Fischer. P.189195. Lilljeborg W. 1901. Cladocera Sueciae. Uppsala: Akademischen Buchdruckerei. 701 pp. Margaritora F. 1985. Cladocera. Fauna dItalia. Bologna: Calderini. 399 pp. Negrea S. 1983. Cladocera // Fauna Republicii Socialiste Romвnia. Crustacea. Vol.4. Fascicula 12. Bucuresti: Academia. 399 pp. Prуszyсska M. 1978. Cladocera // Katalog fauny polski. Czeнж 12. Zeszyt 2. Warszawa. 116 pp. Rшen U. 1995. Gжlefшdder (Branchiopoda) samt karpelus (Branchiura). Danmarks fauna. Bd. 85. Krebsdyr V. Kшbenhavn. 358 pp. Sinev A. Yu. 1997. The list of crustaceans of the littoral zone of Lake Glubokoe (1994) // Proceedings of the Hydrobiological Station Lake Glubokoe. Vol.7. P.2325. Smirnov N.N. 1983. [Population of the waters edge] // Biotsenozy mezotrofnogo ozera Glubokoe. Moscow: Nauka. P.17 120 [in Russian]. Smirnov N.N. 1992. The Macrothricidae of the World. Guides to the Identification of Microinvertebrates 1. The Hague: SPB Academic Publishing. 143 pp. Smirnov N.N. 1998. A revision of the genus Camptocercus (Anomopoda, Chydoridae, Aloninae) // Hydrobiologia, Vol.386. P.6383. Рrбmek-Huлek R., Straлraba M., Brtek J. 1962. Branchiopoda // Fauna ИSSR. Svazek 16. Praha: Akademia. 470 pp.

Fig. 11. Ephippium of P. pigroides, slide 3719. Scale 0.01 mm. Рис. 11. Эфиппиум P. pigroides, препарат 3719. Масштаб 0,01 мм.

reliably known wide geographic ranges there are species with very limited geographical ranges, e.g., Tretocephala colletti (Sars, 1895), confined to the Cape Province in Africa. Finally, may I note that there are other similar cases where a described, reliable species has not been found later, e.g., Macrothrix sibirica Daday, 1901, collected as 25 females near Omsk (Siberia, Russia) [Smirnov, 1992]. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. These results were possible due to the program of standing, long-term observations at the Hydrobiological Station Lake Glubokoe. The photographs were made by A.A. Kotov, chemical parameters were determined by N.M. Korovchinsky. Most of the cited books are sent by the authors.