... The most effective means of detecting such gas is through ultraviolet spectroscopy, where gas within nearby systems can be detected as absorption lines superimposed on the spectra of more distant objects, usually quasars. ...
... Measurement of the metallicity of the intracluster gas and its relationship to other cluster properties can provide insight to star formation histories and the formation pathways of massive systems in a hierarchical universe. ...
... in the local Universe, where the dust-to-gas mass ratio is around one per cent ... helium (low metallicity), and although its gas mass cannot yet be determined its ... mass ratio of about 10-6 to 10-5 and a dust-to-gas mass ratio of 3.2-13ц—10-6 ...
... The IR is therefore dominated by thermal emission from dust within the SNR and associated with emission-line gas inside the reverse shock region, confirming earlier IRAS and Infrared Space Observatory results. ...
... A cryocooler, cirulating a cold Neon gas, will be installed on NICMOS to cool the ... was then solidified by passing cold helium gas through a coil located at the aft end ...
... measured by Spitzer as part of the Spitzer Survey of the SMC and Surveying the Agents of a Galaxy's Evolution in the SMC surveys) probes the total gas column independent of molecular line emission and traces shielding from photodissociating radiation ...
... hydrogen (H I) and molecular gas (traced by carbon monoxide, CO) or the dust mass is used to trace the total gas in the ISM ... gas surface density is tested in six radial annuli across M31, assuming a power law relationship with index, N. The star ...