... Chemically, the proposed criterion is not sound, because iron accumulation can occur due to lateral water movement and not to podzolization, e.g., bog iron. ...
... analysis of iron and iron oxides in paleosols (TEM, geochemistry and iron forms) for ... and goethite are a source of iron for recently synthesized iron oxides (feroxyhyte ...
... horizons by precipitation of calcium carbonate (calcrete or caliche), magnesium-rich carbonate (dolocrete), calcium sulphate (gypcrete), iron/oxides (ferricrete), aluminium oxides/hydrated oxides (alucrete) or silica (silcrete); it should be at least 1 cm ...
... it can sometimes be judged from the extent to which some soil features are developed; examples discussed in the symposium included amounts of iron released by weathering processes, the ratios of less mobile elements (e.g. Al) to more mobile ones (e.g. Na ...
... The odd numbered paleosols (i.e. GSI, GS3, GS5, GS7 and GS9) are designated as moderately developed Bt paleosols as inferred from their relatively finer textures, higher concentration of pedogenic soil carbonate nodules and lower abundance of iron oxides. ...
... The non-degraded and complete soil profiles of the steppe (and/or forest-steppe) stage of soil evolution were found under burial mounds and ramparts of the Neolithic, Bronze and Iron Ages in the same region. ...
... A total of 12 soils layers, each with different morphological, chemical, physicals and mineralogical properties, including a soft calcrete layer and the presence of both LSA artefacts and Iron Age fragments are features on the terrace's stratigraphy. ...
... analyses, archaeological artefacts and radiocarbon datings on charcoal collected into the profiles indicate that these soils suffered degradation processes due to the wood exploitation for iron ore smelting, since the first millennium BC ...
... The trip will also include a visit to an Etruscan iron smelting settlement with peculiar accumulations of slag fragments, situated on the seashore of Golfo di Baratti. ...
... Older Thar soils show distinct evidence that easily-weathered iron-bearing minerals originally present in the parent materials (e.g. horneblende and plagioclase) degrade to iron-rich clays in situ and also form haloes around more resistant minerals within ...