spaceweb@oulu.fi - last update: 14 November 1998, 2200 UT (RR) . ... It has been shown that the modulation is caused by electromagnetic oxygen cyclotron ( EMIC ) wave propagating from the auroral parallel-electric-field acceleration region at about 1 Re altitude (Temerin et al., ... Temerin, M., J. McFadden, M. Boehm, C. W. Carlson, and W. Lotko, Production of flickering aurora and field-aligned electron fluxes by electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves, J. Geophys. ... Space Physics Text Book of Oulu ...