spaceweb@oulu.fi - last update: 9 May 1997, 2030 UT (RR) . The sharp increases of energetic particle fluxes in the near-Earth tail, known as particle injections, are among the most important and well-known manifestations of magnetospheric substorms . ... Res. , 102 , 2309-2324, 1997a. Birn, J., F. Thomsen, J. E. Borovsky, G. D. Reeves, D. J. McComas, and R. D. Belian, Substorm ion injections: Geosynchronous observations and test particle orbits in three-dimensional dynamic MHD fields, J. Geophys. ...