... Auroral substorm is a spectacle people living at auroral latitudes can enjoy during winter months (e.g., Akasofu, 1964; Elphinstone et al., ... However, the substorm process has its origin in the Earth 's magnetosphere , where major phenomana occur during this time (see substorm phases below). ... This energy is dissipated explosively during the substorm expansion phase into magnetosphere and ionosphere (e.g., Baker et al., 1997a). ... Akasofu, S.-I., The development of the auroral substorm, Planet....