... Credit: M. DeBord, R. Ramaty and B. Kozlovsky ( GSFC ), R. Lingenfelter (UCSD), NASA Explanation: Cosmic Rays are celestial high energy particles traveling at nearly the speed of light, which constantly bombard the Earth. ... But a recent theory suggests that cosmic ray particles are atomic nuclei blasted from dust grains formed in supernovae, the death explosions of massive stars. ... Publications with keywords: dust - cosmic rays - supernova . ... Cosmic Rays from Galactic Centers . ...

... June 18, 1998 . Cosmic Rays and Supernova Dust . ... Explanation: Cosmic Rays are celestial high energy particles traveling at nearly the speed of light, which constantly bombard the Earth. ... The theory is supported by observations indicating that high velocity dust was formed in the nearby supernova 1987A , and that Beryllium, a light element created in Cosmic Ray collisions, is found equally in both old an young stars. ... About APOD > . ... NASA Technical Rep.: ...

This Directory contains mean hourly, mean daily and mean monthly values of cosmic ray intensity recorded by World Network NM stations to the end of 2011. ... CD is created in WDC for STP, Moscow and IZMIRAN. ... This directiry contains catalogue Corrected for pressure and verificated data in WDC for STP, Moscow . This directiry contains catalogue Corrected only for pressure but Original data in WDC for STP, Moscow . ... 20 May - 22 July 1972, M., 1975 6. 27 March - 22 July 1972, M., 1975 7. ...

... ESO, the European Southern Observatory . ... ESO's Governing Bodies . ... Travel and Contacts . Travel to ESO Headquarters . ... Green ESO . ... Survey Telescopes . ... Star Clusters . ... Stars@ESO . ... View shopping cart . ... ESO 3.6-metre telescope . ... MPG/ESO 2.2-metre telescope . ... ESO 1-metre Schmidt telescope . ... VST . ... The glowing jumble of gas clouds visible in new image make up a huge stellar nursery nicknamed the Prawn Nebula. ... Milky Way : Nebula : Type : Star Formation . ...

Astronotes Armagh Planetarium's Stellar Blog! ... Armagh Planetarium . ... Space Flight . ... A glorious cosmic butterffly imaged by the HST (Image credit: NASA/ESA) . This dramatic image looks like some vast cosmic eruption, and that impression is entirely correct. ... Designated NGC 6302 and often called the Butterfly Nebula, this is an example of a planetary nebula. ... Here you will find the latest news and views from the fascinating worlds of astronomy and space exploration. ...

... Magnetic Storms . ... Cosmic Rays . ... Energetic Particles . ... Solar fast Particles . We cannot observe the way the distant universe accelerates cosmic rays or produces energetic photons, but acceleration processes also occur on our Sun , though on a much more moderate scale. ... That is why such events are often missed by cosmic ray detectors near the equator, where the lowest energies are excluded by the Earth's magnetic field. ... Should we be concerned about solar energetic radiation? ...

... Here is a brief outline of the current theory of the events in the early history of the solar system: . A cloud of interstellar gas and/or dust (the "solar nebula") is disturbed and collapses under its own gravity. ... The gas cools off enough for the metal, rock and (far enough from the forming star) ice to condense out into tiny particles. (i.e. some of the gas turns back into dust). ... Once the larger of these particles get big enough to have a nontrivial gravity, their growth accelerates. ...

Photon Scattering: Basic Principle of Photon Scattering . Audio Narration is available . No Scattering: Photon Source and Detector . ... For optical photons, scattering goes as wavelength to the -4 power. In the case of blue photons compared to red photons, this means that blue photons are about 10 times more likely to get scattered than red photons. ... Watch the blue photons scatter away from the detector . ... Interstellar dust make stars appear redder than they really are . ...

... Tonight's Sky . ... Observing . ... The double star 54 Leonis, spiral galaxy NGC 3198, and emission nebula NGC 3199 . ... Explore how our universe and all the objects it contains form and evolve in Cosmic Origins a must-have app brought to you by the editors of Astronomy , the world s best-selling astronomy magazine. ... Discover the basic galaxy types, how black holes affect the universe and how galaxies and their larger conglomerates т?? galaxy clusters т?? form and evolve through cosmic time. ...

... Primordial theory review : Dick Bond . Defects and the CMB review : Andy Albrecht . ... Gravitational wave contribution to CMB anisotropies : V.B. Lukash and E.V. Mikheeva . C_l from cosmic strings : Lloyd Knox . Some aspects of CMB anisotropies induced from topological defects : Mairi Sakellariadou . ... CMB anisotropies from scaling sources : Ruth Durrer . ... SZ observations I : Sarah Church . ... Holes in the microwave sky? ... Detecting cosmic strings in the CMB : James Robinson . ...

... ATNF Home . ... About ATNF overview . ... Australia Telescope Steering Committee . ... Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory . ... Parkes radio telescope . ... Mopra radio telescope . ... Parkes | ... Visiting Parkes radio telescope . ... Parkes radio telescope webcam . ... Cosmic engine for senior students . ... Subsequent development led to the "Big Bang" model, a milestone in our perception of the origin of the Universe. ... The Big Bang Model . ... Cosmology Questions . ... Cosmic Engine Home . ...

home publications > mercury . ... Publications of the ASP (PASP) . ... Collecting Cosmic Dust . ... Scientists go to Antarctica, the stratosphere, and the seafloor to collect material more precious than gold, dust that tells how the stuff of life was brought to Earth. by Monika Kress . About 40,000 tons of space dust and rocks, the leftover wreckage of our solar system?s birth, fall to Earth each year. ... Meteorites are bits and pieces of asteroids, the Moon, and Mars that have fallen to Earth. ...

Next: Radiopulsars as Sources of Up: Cosmic Rays and Evolution Previous: Cosmic Rays and Evolution . Presently, there is little doubt that galactic CR can be generated at rapidly expanding shock fronts produced by supernova explosions. ... Statistical properties of radiopulsars in our Galaxy indicate a formation rate of NS of about 1 per 10-20 years in the present cosmological epoch, while direct astronomical observations have so far not detected supernova explosions at this high rate. ...

... Research . ... The Research Activity of Pasquale Blasi is centered around the study of non-thermal phenomena in Nature, ranging from basic theory of Particle Acceleration in Astrophysics to the origin of Cosmic Rays, from dark matter signals to particle acceleration during the formation of the large scale structure of the Universe. ... Shakti P. Duggal Award, by the International Union for Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) in 2003 for research on the origin of Cosmic rays. ... Graduate Students . ...

... For SIMS (Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry) analysis, a solid surface is bombarded by primary ions of some keV energy. ... The subsequent mass analysis of the emitted ions provides detailed information on the elemental and molecular composition of the surface. ... Extremely short ion pulses with a duration below . ... By rastering a fine-focussed ion beam over the surface, like an electron beam in an electron microprobe, mass resolved secondary ion images (chemical maps) can be obtained...

BSc thesis "Metallicity Gradients of Elliptical Galaxies", 1997, Univ. of Tokyo . MSc thesis "Low-Metallicity Inhibition of Type Ia Supernovae and Galactic and Cosmic Chemical Evolution", 1999, Univ. of Tokyo . PhD thesis "Formation and Chemodynamical Evolution of Galaxies", 2002, Univ. of Tokyo . ... Cosmic SFRs, chemical evolution, mass-dependent galactic winds, and the mass-metallicity relation of galaxies are reproduced (Kobayashi, Springel, White 06). ... What are dwarf galaxies? ...

... Measurements of recent changes in the expansion rate via supernovae , published by myself in 1998with the High-z Team ( Riess et al. 1998 ) and the Supernova Cosmology Project in 1999, first revealed that the expansion of the Universe is now accelerating.€а At the time , the High-z Team began (Schmidt et al. 1998) the Universe was expected to be decelerating under the gravitational braking applied by its own mass, so this finding was an enormous surprise ...

... N.A.Bobylev, Yu.M.Burman, Morse lemmas for functionals of the variational calculus, Func.Anal.Appl., ... N.A.Bobylev, Yu.M.Burman. ... N.A.Bobylev, Yu.M.Burman, A.B.Shubin, Algorithms for control with a minimal number of switchings, Automation and remote control , V.53, 5:619, 1992. ... TeX file ) . ... Quadratic Poisson brackets compatible with an algebra structure . ... Yu.M.Burman. ... Yu.M.Burman, Whitney's index formula in higher dimensions and Laplace integrals , Preprint math.DG/9801044 . ...

... Galaxy formation and evolution is one of the key problems of modern astronomy. Galaxies in the universe come in a large variety of shapes and sizes, which we refer to as the Hubble sequence. The study of galaxy formation and evolution aims at explaining this variety as well as its statistical properties. Though the formation, and to some extent the evolution of galaxies still is one of the most active research areas in astrophysics. ...

Our publications in 2001 year Kniazev, A. Y.; Engels, D.; Pustilnik, S. A.; Ugryumov, A. V.; Kniazeva, T. F.; Pramsky, A. G.; Brosch, N.; Hagen, H.-J.; Hopp, U.; Izotov, Y. I.; Lipovetsky, V. A.; Masegosa, J.; Marquez, I.; Martin, J.-M. Astronomy and Astrophysics, v.366, p.771-787 (02/2001) . ... Pustilnik, S.; Kniazev, A.; Lipovetsky, V.; Ugryumov, A. Astronomische Gesellschaft Abstract Series, Vol. ... N.; Soboleva, N. S.; Temirova, A. V. Astronomische Gesellschaft Abstract Series, Vol. ...