... Any water on Mars is locked up in the ice caps. ... The most recent successful mission to Mars is the Mars Science Laboratory better known as the Curiosity rover. ... CuriosityтАЩs primary role is to search for conditions that may have once been able to harbour any sort of bacterial life concealed beneath the Martian surface. ... Using what we know about life on Earth, where there is water, there is life, signs of water may help us understand what Mars was like billions of years ago. €а . ...

Next: Scattering properties Up: Polarization properties (transmitted radiation) Previous: Linear polarization: wavelength dependence . Traditionally, the main problem considered in connection with circular interstellar polarization is the meaning of the wavelength where changes the sign . ... This is also demonstrated by Fig. 19 (lower panel) which shows the wavelength dependence of the factors of linear and circular polarization for particles of magnetite as was done by Shapiro ([ 1975 ]). ...

... It s sometimes hard to grasp the length of time involved in events in the Universe. But the Universe is huge and it has been around for a very long time 13.7 billion years! ... These big time scales mean that astronomers can t study something like the lifetime of a star by studying one star, as that would take millions or billions of years! ... Sometimes, though, things that are far away in deep space change in the night sky during our lifetime. Take this new space photo, for example. ...

Is the ozone layer recovering ? ... Global Regulation Global Regulation · · · · 1985: Vienna Convention 1987: Montreal Protocol Several amendments and adjustments Quantity for (chemical) ozone depletion of ODS: EESC (Equivalent Effective qu ect Stratospheric Chlorine): Weighting over release and ozone depletion of individual ODS EESC for mid-latitudes http//:www.wmo.ch/web/arep/reports/ozone_2002/q&as.pdf, Seite Q.29 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100 3. ...

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We model the spectral chanages of late oxygen-rich Miras observed in different pulsation phases. From a combination of variable near-IR spectra and UKIRT spectrophotometry of the 9.7 \mu m silicate dust emission feature in different phases we study the influence of the changing atmospherical circumstances on the conditions in the circumstellar dust shell. ... A comparision with the modelling results for another long period Mira U Ori is also provided. ...

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... Drop points . ... Pick ops use the point in a set nearest to the location of the pointer when clicked to select the set for the chosen operation. ... To activate a set, select the set number, specify the number of points in the set and click on "Accept." ... Press the button marked Accept . ... Press the button marked Accept to divide the selected set into (length of selected set) / N sets with the remainder to the last set. ... Press the button marked Accept to merge all sets to the selected set. ...

AstroImageJ Release Notes . ... Daily Build Version db3.2.1 (with ImageJ 1.47i) (Last Updated: 02/04/2016) . Changes . Version 3.2.0 (with ImageJ 1.47i) (Release date: 02/01/2016) . ... Version 3.1.0 (with ImageJ 1.47i) . ... Known Problems . Feature Requests in Roadmap but not in this Version . ... Version 2.0.0 (with ImageJ 1.47a1) . ... Changes in this Version . ... Version 1.1 (with ImageJ 1.45l) . ...

... Gravity data reflect changes, related to the groundwater redistribution, ice melting, and precipitation accumulation. ... We apply Multichannel Singular Spectrum Analysis (MSSA, or extended EOF) technique to filter GRACE data and separate the principal components (PCs) of different periods. We performed data averaging over the large river basins of Russia. ... Fig 1. ... MSSA is a promising method for GRACE data processing, de-striping, filtering, and Principal Components (PCs) separation. ...

November 1-4, 1993 . ... On Nov 2 (b), strong evolution of the chain takes place during the LDE/CME event occurred in AR 7613 (see Figure 2 for details): new chain fragments are developed from the regions 1 and 2 eastward and westward respectively. (d)-(e) - Comparing the Nobeyama radio heliograms with the Yohkoh/SXT images, one can see that during three days the long-living chain between sources 1 and 2 coincides with a sharp SE boundary of the large coronal hole. ...

Giant Jupiter. Jupiter . ... Jupiter has no solid surface that is why speaking about its dimensious point the radius of the upper border line of the clouds, where the presseru is about 10 KPa; radius of Jupiter on the equator is 71400 km. ... The Jupiter satellites. ... Nowadays 16 satellites of the Jupiter are known: Adrastea, Mitis, Amaltea , Phina,then 4 Galilei satellites: Io , Europe , Hanimed , Callisto , Leda, Aimalia, Zicitea, Elara, Ananke, Carme, Pasipe and Sinope. ... Jupiter's ring. ...

... Moon Phase below . ... ARTICLE: Why the moon always shows us the same face . ... Before you continue reading, you should know that this was not always the case, i.e. the Moon once was rotating with respect to the Earth, so that on every night a terrestrial observer (if there was one, because this was long, long before mankind appeared on our planet, and even before any major animals had appeared) saw another face of the Moon. ... Figure 1 (not to scale) shows how we can imagine the system Earth-Moon...

... This year's most powerful solar flare was photographed by TESIS telescopes in the southern hemisphere of the Sun on July 5th, 2009. ... Events of such power are unique and are only observed during maximal solar activity. ... For two months, all the activity of the new solar cycle was connected with areas of this belt, including the first solar flares and coronal mass ejections of the year. ... Nevertheless, this year's largest solar flare occurred in the southern belt. ...

... Subject of Astronomy. ... Basis of Spherical and Practical Astronomy. ... Celestial Sphere. ... Changes of Star's Coordinates as a Result of Daily Rotation of Celestial Sphere. ... Time Measuring. ... Changes of Solar Equatorial Coordinates. ... Stellar Day, Stellar Time. ... Real Solar Time. ... Mean Solar Time. ... Connections between Stellar and Mean Time. ... Apparent Path and Configuration of Planets. ... Ways of Energy Transportation to Stellar Surface.Basis of Spectral Analysis. ... Solar...

... The complexity of inversion of Goldreich's function by backtracking algorithms. ... In 2005 M. Alekhnovich, E. Hirsch and D. Itsykson proved the exponential lower bound on the complexity of inversion of Goldreich's function based on linear predicate and random graph by myopic bactracking agorithms. ... Motivated by applications to string algorithms, we introduce the following subclass of Monge matrices: a matrix is called unit-Monge, if its density matrix is a permutation matrix. ...

... Astronomical Observatory, Shevchenko Park, Odessa, 65014, . ... The XVI -th G. Gamow's Odessa Astronomical Summer Соnference-School, 14-20 August, 2016, Odessa, Ukraine . ... The XV -th G. Gamow's Odessa Astronomical Summer Соnference-School, 16-23 August, 2015, Odessa, Ukraine . ... The XIV -th G. Gamow's Odessa Astronomical Summer Соnference-School, 17-23 August, 2014, Odessa, Ukraine . ... The XIII -th G. Gamow's Odessa Astronomical Summer Соnference-School, 19-25 August, 2013, Odessa, Ukraine . ...

Atmospheric influence on the different radio-engineering system functioning . ESTIMATION OF ATMOSPHERIC OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND REMOTELY SANSED IMAGE CORRECTION . ... Direct transmittance estimation results for 12 channels of the spectrometer CHRIS. ... We have managed to develop a direct method of estimating the discrete Normalized Atmospheric Point Spread Function (NAPSF) from available images alone, not using any external sources of information about the atmosphere. ... IRE RAS 1996-20 11 ...

In order to assist folks upgrading we are now going to maintain a document describing information critical to existing Apache users. Note that it only lists differences between recent major releases, so for example, folks using Apache 1.1 or earlier will have to figure out what changed up to Apache 1.2 before this document can be considered relevant. Old users could look at the src/CHANGES file which tracks code changes. ... There have been numerous changes to the default config files. ...

Russian SHAREABLE DATA CENTER Institute of Solar-Terrestial Physics SB RAS . ... The algorithm and appropriate program for decametric radiosignal propagation conditions prediction for paths from 500 to 9000 km have been developed at ISTP SB on the basis of normal wave method (AltyntsevaB.I,Iliyin N.V., Kurkin V.I. and others //Decameters channel simulation on the base of normal wave method . ... Solar activity indices are chosen automatically from the prediction date from the database . ...