... Problems of Developing and Near-Earth Environmental Protection. Electromagnetic and Corpuscular Radiation of Sun as the Main Factors of Near-Earth Environment Forming. Solar UV and X-Rays. ... Ionosphere. ... Dynamic of Ionosphere Plasma.Ionosphere Conductance. ... Magnetosphere. ... Energetic Particles Motion in Magnetosphere. ... Auroral Particles and Phenomenons in Auroral Borealis Zones. ... Auroral Particles Invasion of Atmosphere and Its Effects - Auroral Borealis, Ionization, Heating. ...

Wave-Particle Duality of Light. click here to see a wave experiment . ... In the wave theory, greater light intensity simply means more photons. Each photon ejects electrons in the same way, so more intensity means more electrons. Threshold frequency and electron K.E. should not be affected by intensity. ... Light frequencies below the threshold eject no electrons, no matter how intense the light. Light frequencies above the threshold eject electrons, no matter how low the intensity. ...

. Departement of Quantum Astrophysics . Head: Kurt V.G. , Prof. ultraviolet spectroscopy of planetary upper atmospheres and interplanetary/interstellar medium; . observations of gamma-bursts and optical identification of their sources; . long-base optical interferometry. Staff: .

HEXTE Phoswich Detector 6/19/2006 Calibration Workshop, Iceland 2006 1 HEXTE Features Aperture Modulator AGC Detector "Mu Metal" Housing 6/19/2006 Calibration Workshop, Iceland 2006 Particle Monitor 2 RXTE/HEXTE Design and Calibration · Calibration begins with instrument design. ... 6/19/2006 Calibration Workshop, Iceland 2006 7 HEXTE Calibration -- Energy Resolution All of the detectors could not be taken to the synchrotron beam for detailed calibration. ...

Photon/Particle Counting Image Measurement System : PIAS-TI . The PIAS-TI is an extremely sensitive image measurement device developed for imaging and quantification in ultimate levels with an extremely small number of photons, electrons and charged particles. ... The PIAS-TI is a measuring system that makes use of the technology of the photon counter to detect the input positions of individual photons or particles, and accumulate them to create an image. ...

What will happen when the fragments hit Jupiter? ... All the fragments will enter Jupiter's atmosphere at an angle of 42 degrees from the vertical and impact near a latitude of 44 degrees south, but on the back side of the planet as seen from Earth (about 10 degrees in longitude behind the edge of Jupiter, as seen from Earth). ... Any body moving through an atmosphere is slowed by atmospheric drag, by having to push the molecules of that atmosphere out of the way. ...

... Laboratory for atmosphere optics was found in 2000. The main directions of activity of the laboratory . ... The most actual and significant - research of chemical composition of a ground atmospheric slice in conditions of a large industrial center. ... Scientific and industrial optical instrument making. ... Dr. Mikhail G .Sosonkin, senior researcher - head of the laboratory . Yuri S. Ivanov - senior researcher . ... Laboratory for atmosphere optics МАО NANU . ... 380(44)5264539 . ...

... Space Flight . ... It took an accidental dose of cosmic rays to make them fantastic.( ... Air showers ensuing from very-high-energy cosmic rays which can enter EarthтАЩs atmosphere from multiple directions.( ... The latest cosmic ray research:composite sky catalogue using 2 years of Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope data.Depicting 1873 objects in total, the brightest patches represent sources with the highest gamma-ray count (at energies greater than 1 billion GeV or electron volts).( ... Astronotes ....

Imagine that you are doing particle physics experiments. You fire a beam of sub-atomic particles of mass 4.0x10 -24 kg into your detector at a speed of 100 m/s. Most pass straight through undeflected, but one of them came out with its mass reduced to 3.0x10 -24 kg, its speed reduced to 80 m/s, and in a direction which was deflected by 2.4 degrees from its original path. You think that it must have ejected a particle of mass 1.0x10 -24 kg. ...

11 august 2014/Monday: Arriving, Registration . ... The variation of solar flare coronal X-ray source spatial properties. ... Melnikov V.F., Charikov Yu.E., Kudriavtsev I.V. Directivity of X-ray and gamma-ray emission from different parts of flaring magnetic loops. ... E., Melnikov V.F. Angular characteristics of polarization degree of hard X-ray emission from different parts of flaring magnetic loops. ... The thick target model and analytical calculations of the hard X-ray emission from solar flares. ...

... One of this year's largest mass ejections from the Sun's atmosphere was recorded last Sunday by TESIS telescopes aboard the CORONAS-PHOTON satellite ( video - wmv 4.3 MB ). ... Over the course of a week, two gigantic solar prominences were simultaneously ejected from the surface of the Sun. ... Earth will not feel the Sun's influence either. ... The TESIS observatory ї TESIS: www.tesis.lebedev.ru . ... One of this year's largest mass ejections from the Sun's atmosphere (movie WMV, 4.3 MB) . ...

... X-rays are made up of photons that are emitted from stars, or quasars, or supernovae, the sun, or simply: anything that is undergoing a change either in size or temperature or giving out heat. ... in an X-ray binary star system, in which one normal star's orbit is crossed by a neutron star, when the neutron star by means of gravitational pull takes matter from the normal star X-rays form. ... Artists conception of a normal star (HDE 226868) and a black hole taking matter from the normal star. ...

... COMPUTER SIMULATION OF RADIOWAVE MULTIPLE SCATTERING EFFECTS IN IONOSPHERE USING MONTE-CARLO METHOD . ... Distribution of reflected radiation on the ground is computed. ... Such influence can be remarkable if the scattering is multiple, i.e. the optical thickness for the scattering process is considerably greater than a unit. ... Radiation energy transfer in the slab is modeled by distribution of some particles carring small portions of radiation energy. ... The isotropic plasma approximation is...

Next: A Universal Diagram for Up: ``Ecology'' of Magnetic Rotators Previous: The Corotation Radius . The interaction of a magnetic rotator with the surrounding plasma to a large extent depends on the relation between the four characteristic radii: the stopping radius, , the gravitational capture radius,   , the light cylinder radius,   , and the corotation radius,   . ... Hence, the classification of the interaction regimes may well mean the classification of magnetic rotators. ...

Blackholes2 Forum Message . Forums: . ... Firtual Particles Are Not Only Particle Pairs . ... Posted by Richard Ruquist on October 19, 2004 12:03:20 UTC . ... Vacuum production of virtual particle pairs cannot violate the uncertainty principle. ... This theory is dual to the particle theory of gravitons. ... www.astronomy.net . About Astronomy Net | ... Forum posts are Copyright their authors as specified in the heading above the post. "dbHTML," "AstroGuide," "ASTRONOMY.NET" & "VA.NET" . ...

... Clarify neutron source models in near-earth space environment and evaluate their contribution in a complete radiation dose received by cosmonauts during EVA . Obtain data on high-energy neutron fluxes with energies up to 16 MeV coming from powerful solar flares with regard to albedo radiation of the earth . ... Measurement data on spatial and time distributions of radiation characteristics of space ionizing radiation (neutron and gamma components) outside the Service Module of the ISS RS; . ...

... Institutes of Chernogolovka . The largest of all the scientific institutions of the center is the Institute of Chemical Physics in Chernogolovka , where fundamental problems of chemical physics are studied: kinetics and mechanisms of chemical and biological processes; processes of combustion, explosion, and polymerization; and mechanisms of elementary reactions involving high energy particles. ... Developments and Technologies . ...

... The related observations clearly evidence both global motions and turbulence in the upper Jovian atmosphere. Keywords: solar system, giant planets, atmospheres, Jupiter . To explain both an upper atmospheric thermal excess observed in the Jupiter atmosphere by the Voyager missions and a permanent enhancement of the H Ly- brightness observed near the equator (Clarke et al. ... These Doppler shifts appear as being the signature of global H motions in the upper atmosphere of Jupiter. ...

... These trajectories have an initial flight from the Earth to a large distance (of about 1.5 million km), the following passive flight to the Moon's orbit, an approach to the Moon with a decrease of an energy of a particle (spacecraft) selenocentric motion to a negative value and the temporary capture in an elliptic orbit of the Moon's satellite. ... Several trajectories of this type are determined. ... Ivashkin V. V. On optimal trajectories of space flight to the Moon in the Earth--Moon--Sun system. ...

... Go to This section of the glossary . ... APHELION : The point in a planet's orbit where it is farthest from the sun. ... It melts at 83.95 K, and boils at 87.45 K. Many people don't realize that argon makes up a full 1% of our atmosphere, while carbon dioxide is only a fraction of a percent of our atmosphere. ... COMET: An object moving about the sun in an eccentric orbit and composed of materials which, on warming up near the sun, form a "tail" which always points away from the sun. ...