... GCR and SCR are primary cosmic rays. 10-15 years after the discovery of cosmic radiation (1919) there emerged two main avenues of investigation in the physics of cosmic rays (CR): 1) nuclear - elucidation of the origin of elementary particles and nuclear interactions; and 2) astrophysical (space physics) - solution of the problem related to the origin and variations (changes in intensity) of CR. ... Besides, the CR flux in interplanetary space is, strictly speaking, not isotropic. ...

... In brief: the frequency-dependent radiative transfer equation is solved for a dust under assumption of spherically-symmetric geometry for its distribution taking into account particle size distribution and quantum heating effects for the very small dust particles. ... Table: Model parameters for IRAS04296+3429. ... parameter . ... hot dust shell) . ... The best fit to the spectral energy distribution of IRAS04296 is shown by heavy solid line (see Table2 for details concerning parameters of the model...

... Sources of the quantum theory. ... Wave function and their physical interpretation. Schroedinger equation as a constraint on the physical state. Feynman's formulation of the quantum mechanics (path integration) and classical limit. Quantum mechanics postulates. States and observables, measurable physical values. ... State vector. ... Amplitude and crossection of scattering. ... M.: Nauka, 1974. ... Iroshnikov G.S. Path integral and coherent states in quantum mechanics and field theory. ...

Most current theories for magnetospheric emission can be grouped into polar cap, outer gap, and nebular models. These models, at least in some cases, need not be mutually exclusive; the Crab pulsar (among others), for example, shows clear evidence for pulsed emission from the magnetosphere and unpulsed emission from the surrounding nebula. ... This suggestion is strengthened by observation of a distinct soft emission component, consistent with the cooling scenario, from several of these pulsars. ...

... These are the typical steps through which a CCD image has to go. ... That process is repeated until all the pixels from the 1st line are read out. ... Figure 1: raw CCD image, obtained with a Tektronics 1024; refer to the bottom of the page for the technical details. ... The corresponding raw image presents all the defects and artifacts of the CCD and the telescope. ... These are the most basic steps; every image published should have received the following corrections. ... IfA Hale-Bopp page | ...

... Research objects and scientific purposes . Space scientific program includes development and launch of two supersmall spacecrafts "Universitetskiy" and "Kompas-2" intended for monitoring of radiation conditions near the Earth. ... All the studies conducted in the near-Earth space are characterised by strong radiation fields. ... The circular polar orbits, which cover all the near-Earth space, are the most favorable for comprehensive studies of the radiation conditions near the Earth. ...

... The sourceregionsof traveling convection and discrete precipitations equatorward of the LLBL vortices ( TCV ) observed the dayside in magnetosphereare denoted traditional CPS and traditional BPS , outsidethe near noon sectorhave been mapped to mag- respectively,by analogy to the nightside ... netospheric locations within the outer radiation belt, Feldsteinand Galperin [1985, hereafterFG85; 1993, [1991,herebut not to the Central PlasmaSheet( ... 1996] Feldstein Galperin and and [1996]. ...

... Shematovich, V.I . ... Shematovich, V. I. ; Bisikalo, D. V.; Marov , M. Ya . ... Shematovich, V.I., Bisikalo, D.V., and Gerard J.-C. Superthermal particles in the planetary atmosphere. ... Shematovich, V.I., Bisikalo, D.V., and Gerard, J.-C. The thermospheric odd nitrogen photochemistry : role of non-thermal N(4S) atoms (abstract) . ... Geophys ., ... Gerard, J.C., Shematovich, V.I., and Bisikalo, D.V. Effect of hot N( 4S) atoms on the NO solar cycle variation in the lower thermosphere (abstract) . ...

BNO is in Baksan Gorge at the Northern Caucasus . ... The Baksan Underground Scintillation Telescope (BUST) of volume 3000 cubic centimeters at a depth of more 300 m. The mountainous plant ANDYRCHI to register wide air showers located over BUST on the area 5*10 4 square metres. The complex of surface plants KOVER including a large muon detector, a scintillation telescope and a neutrino monitor meant for studying the hard component of cosmic rays and wide air showers. ...

High Energy Astrophysics: Course Outline 1 Some useful information Lecturer Geoff Bicknell, Research School of Astronomy & Astrophysics Contact details: Telephone RSAA: (02) 6125 9088 Email geoff.bicknell@anu.edu.au Course Webpage: http://www.mso.anu.edu.au/~geoff/HEA/HEA.htm 2 What is High Energy Astrophysics? High energy astrophysics (HEA) is the study of astrophysical phenomena that involve particles of "high energy". ... All lecture notes and the problem set will be available via my web page. ...

... Previous: Substepping and its Application to HST Imaging . ... This is a preliminary report on an application of the co-addition technique based upon the Richardson-Lucy algorithm. The combination of high signal-to-noise ground-based images obtained with the ESO NTT using SUSI with high angular resolution HST FOC f/96 images gives new insights on the properties of galaxy cores and their potential time variability. Cores of galaxies are one of the main thrusts of present extragalactic research. ...

... Bad Astronomy . ... Mad Science . ... Keep Bad Astronomy close to your heart, and help make me filthy rich. ... I read in your archives that: "The black hole will slowly radiate away?. ... Since this represents energy leaving the black hole, it will slowly release all of its mass in this fashion." ... If a pair of particles is produced which gets its rest mass energy from the gravitational field of the hole, and one particle is lost, then there will be a decrease in the energy of the hole. ...

... 8, `` Celestial Mechanics'', 2002 Two trends in the development of numerical algorithms of celestial mechanics T. V. Bordovitsyna, V. A. Avdushev, A. M. Chernitsov Research Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Tomsk, Russia The motion of a material particle with the mass m in the gravitational field of the central body with the mass M under the action of conservative forces F i with the potential function V i and non--conservative forces P in a ...

Chair of solid state physics . ... One-particle Green’s function (Non interacting fermions) . Verbal definition of retarded one-particle Green’s function. ... One-particle Green’s function (Interacting fermions) . Formal definition of one-particle Green’s function. ... Quasi particles in Hartree-Fock approximation. ... Quasi particles and one-particle Green’s function. ... Vertex function and scattering of quasi particles. ... Matsubara Green’s function foe free particles. ...

Next: Population Synthesis of X-ray Up: Cosmic Rays and Evolution Previous: Supernova Explosions . Immediately after the discovery of pulsars, especially of the Crab pulsar,   it became clear that rapidly rotating NS are copious sources of relativistic particles. ... Figure 37: Evolution of magnetorotational energy of NS in elliptical and spiral galaxies. ...

home publications > mercury . SEARCH ASP SITE: Match ALL words Match ANY word . ... Publications of the ASP (PASP) . ... Ghostly Particles All About . ... Rather than give up on this problem, Pauli?s imagination leaped in that darkness, and our understanding of Nature was propelled forward. ... Radioactivity refers to the process by which really big nuclei, which are made of large numbers of protons and neutral neutrons?like, say, nuclei of uranium or radium?rid themselves of excess energy. ...

... Space Flight . ... It took an accidental dose of cosmic rays to make them fantastic.( ... Air showers ensuing from very-high-energy cosmic rays which can enter EarthтАЩs atmosphere from multiple directions.( ... The latest cosmic ray research:composite sky catalogue using 2 years of Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope data.Depicting 1873 objects in total, the brightest patches represent sources with the highest gamma-ray count (at energies greater than 1 billion GeV or electron volts).( ... Astronotes ....

... part 1 | ... The Basic Stages in Earth's Pre-geological Development . ... After fragments of the Vortex sleeves separated, whirlwinds of second and third orders ("NC" - new micro-vortex) were generated- future planet cores and their satellites - all of them developing independently, governed by the common laws of development of cosmogenic vortexes. ... Our planet's core today is comprised of considerably deteriorated cosmogenic vortex; consequently, the Earth has a moderated magnetic field. ...

... Phone: +7(4112) 390-481 . ... characteristics of VLF-emissions responsible for the energetic particle dynamics of the Earth s radiation belts . manifestations of seismic and thunderstorm phenomena in the VLF-emissions . relationship of VLF-emissions to the solar activity and interplanetary space parameters . ... Dr. Vladimir Kozlov . Electronics engineer Artur Ambursky . Electronics engineer Vladimir Sleptsov . Post-graduate Sergey Kondratyev . Post-graduate Aleksey Korsakov . ...

... COMPUTER SIMULATION OF RADIOWAVE MULTIPLE SCATTERING EFFECTS IN IONOSPHERE USING MONTE-CARLO METHOD . ... Distribution of reflected radiation on the ground is computed. ... Such influence can be remarkable if the scattering is multiple, i.e. the optical thickness for the scattering process is considerably greater than a unit. ... Radiation energy transfer in the slab is modeled by distribution of some particles carring small portions of radiation energy. ... The isotropic plasma approximation is...