An Ancient Universe: How Astronomers Know the Vast Scale of Cosmic Time . THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE: HOW DO WE KNOW? The nature of the universe, its age, its birth and life story, have been deduced through the process of science. ... In the case of astronomy, it usually starts with making careful observations and measurements -- something your students can begin to do through inspection of astronomical images, and observation of the real sky. ... An Ancient Universe - Table of Contents . ...

When you enter a command it invokes a program. While this program is running it is called a process . It is important to grasp that although there is only one copy of a program held in the file system , any number of processes can be invoked which run this program. When the operating system is started after a boot , a single process is started. ... Any processes that are started from within your shell - such as entering a command - are the children of this process. ...

... The experience of determination of the link between radio sources and dynamical reference frames is presented. To obtain this connection we used a series of very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of the spacecraft Phobos-2 and angularly nearby quasars. ... The dynamical reference frame is determined by equator and equinox of these ephemerides. ... References . ... The relative orientation of the radio and dynamical reference frames can be described by a sequence of three rotations . ...

Next: Running UNIX Commands from C Up: UNIX and C Previous: errno . A process is basically a single running program. ... When UNIX runs a process it gives each process a unique number - a process ID, pid . The UNIX command ps will list all current processes running on your machine and will list the pid. The C function int getpid() will return the pid of process that called this function. ... Running UNIX Commands from C . ... Piping in a C program . ... Interrupts and Signals . ...

... Basic Observables: Zero-differenced phase and code ionosphere-free combinations of global GNSS network stations, corrected by P1-C1 satellite code biases (cc2noncc), daily observations with 30 seconds sampling rate Sites coordinates : IGb08 reference frame coordinates and velocities Displacements: solid tides, ocean loading, pole tide loading (IERS 2010) Geometric model : Receivers antennas eccentricities, absolute receiver and ...

... The French-Russian Poncelet Laboratory organizes the conference on "Random Processes, Conformal Field Theory and Integrable Systems", September 19-23, 2011, to take place in the Independent University of Moscow. ... In the last decades, the understanding of these processes has greatly benefited from the use of conformal field theory (CFT) and integrable systems (IS) which have been widely studied in the community of theoretical and mathematical physicists. ...

... Research . Projects . ... The name of the project APEX is a reduction from words " Active Plasma Experiments " . The core of the project are active experiments with injection of electron and (or) plasma beams from a board of the satellite with simultaneous registration of the phenomena, produced by interaction of injected beam with background plasma. ... Active experiments utilise modulated electron beam accelerator and source of modulated xenon plasma beam on the main spacecraft APEX. ...

M obile A stronomical Sy stem of TE lescope- R obots MASTER-II Kislovodsk Lomonosov Moscow State University, Sternberg Astronomical Institute , Moscow Union "Optic" , Kislovodsk Solar Station Latitude = 43 o љ44'.767љN; Longitude = 42 o љ31'.417љE; Altitude = 2067љm MASTERљIIљ(8љsquareљdegress) + MASTERљVWF(VeryљWideљFieldљCameras (FOV=800 square degrees, Timeљresolutionљupљtoљ150љms, with unfiltered m_lim=14m on 5 sec. exposure, and ~10.5m with 0.15 sec) . ... 11h 38m 38.0s , -09d 59m 59s) . ...

National Aeronautics and Space Administration . ... Bruce McCandless II (Captain, USN, Ret.) NASA Astronaut (former) . ... He was a member of the astronaut support crew for the Apollo 14 mission and was backup pilot for the first manned Skylab mission (SL-1/SL-2). ... A veteran of two space flights, McCandless has logged over 312 hours in space, including 4 hours of MMU flight time. ... With the completion of this flight McCandless logg