Let K be a global field. ... The real number $\gamma_K = c_0/c_{-1}$ is called the Euler-Kronecker constant of the field $K$. In the article of Yasutaka Ihara "On the Euler-Kronecker constants of global fields and primes with small norms" the lower bound $\gamma_K\ge-\log\sqrt{|d|}$ is obtained, where $d$ is the discriminant of the field $K$. In my talk I will prove the lower bound $\gamma_K\ge -\left(1-\frac{\sqrt{5}}{5}\right) \log\sqrt{|d|}$. ...

... Editor's note: This activity is both on the Astrocappella web site and the CD-ROM featured in this article. ... Every student can demonstrate the Doppler effect! ... splash out' ball** . ... Twist the 'splash out' ball open. ... This effect can occur with both sound and light, because both sound and light reveal wave- like behavior. ... The number of waves reaching an observer in one second is called the frequency. ... What has the Doppler shift told astronomers about the expansion of the universe? ...

... Mathematics is relatively straightforward library to use again. ... double x; x = sqrt(63.9); . ... double acos( double x) -- Compute arc cosine of x. double asin( double x) -- Compute arc sine of x. double atan( double x) -- Compute arc tangent of x. double atan2( double y, double x) -- Compute arc tangent of y/x. double ceil( double x) -- Get smallest integral value that exceeds x. double cos( double x) -- Compute cosine of angle in radians ...

Estimations of the change of the Sun s mass and the gravitation constant based on high-accuracy observations of planets and spacecraft . ... More than 635 000 positional observations of planets and spacecraft of different types have been used for estimating possible changes of the gravitation constant, the solar mass, and semi-major axes of planets. ... gravitation constant, positional observation, Sun's mass. ...

... Using the uvby -photometry and proper motion data for about 5500 F stars within 80 pc from the Sun, we have studied velocity ellipsoid parameters and obtained the following results. 1) The sizw of all wllipsoid semiaxes increase systematically for groups of stars with the decrease of both temperature (at constant metallicity) and metallicity (at constant temperature). ... As a result, each of the three parameters - temperature, metallicity and velocity dispersion - is an age indicator. ...

SPECTRUM ANALYZER OF MAGNETIC PHENOMENA SAMW . Spectrum analyzer allows onboard computation of electromagnetic waves spectra registered (observed) in the ionosphere and magnetosphere in the ELF/VLF frequency band. ... It consists of magnetic antenna, preamplifier, 16 bit sigma delta AD converter, DSP processor and telemetry interface. ... The channels of lower frequencies are averaged and transmitted with lower repetition rate so the telemetry volume is reduced. ... Dynamic range: 90 dB . ...

Ly) : 2p; 1s: ~ 15 2p; : 2p ~ 100 2p. - 2p ~ 100 2p; : 105 2p. : ( Ly) : 2p; 1s: ~ 15 2p; - 2p ~ 100 2p; : 12p. : 05 p~ . 2 100 2p . ... 1s-2s (MPQ) 1s-3s (?) 2s-10d .. ... 2s-10d ­ . ... Ry The Rydberg constant Ry The Rydberg constant is important for a number of reasons. ... 1973 1986 1998 2002 2006 10 973 731.77(83) 10 973 731.534(13) 10 973 731.568 549(83) 10 973 731.568 525(73) 10 973 731.568 527(73) m-1 m-1 m-1 m-1 m-1 [7.5в10-8] [1.2в10-9] [7.6в10-12] [6.6в10-12] [6.6в10-12] ...

Atm 2 ospheric time constant with MASS and FADE 0 A. Tokovinin CTIO, Chile Adaptive Optics time constant 0 = 0.314 r0/V0 = 0.057 6/5 [ Cn2(h) V5/3(h) dh MASS time constant: 0, MASS, Numerical simulation 1. Set turbulent layer strength (seeing) & sp. response Definition (1 rad phase difference between wavefronts at t= 0) ] 3/5 = 0.175 (2 DESI ) 3/5 ; 2 DESI = < [ IA(1ms)/ IA(3ms) ] >2 0, MASS, This is an approximation! ... The MASS method is approximate! ...

... This paper describes a simple technique that cancels the DC offsets often found in Hubble Space Telescope's calibrated NICMOS images. ... Hubble Space Telescope NICMOS images often show quadrants with a slight mismatch in DC offset levels after the calibration process. ... Figure 1: NICMOS image showing DC offsets between quadrants. ... Figure: Same image depicted in Fig. 1 after being processed by the DC offset removal algorithm. ...

... 18941904; Bespalov P.A. Effective saturation of absorption in a plasma magnetospheric maser. In book: Nonlinear Space Plasma Physics, R.Z. Sagdeev -Editor-in-Chief, American Institute of Physics, 1993, p.339-346]. Magnetospheric plasma maser [Bespalov P.A, Trakhtengerts V.Yu., ... In a magnetospheric plasma maser (MPM) the relatively dense magnetised plasma and the conjugate ends of a magnetic trap form a quasioptical resonator for electromagnetic waves. ...

DETERMINATION OF THE HUBBLE CONSTANT FROM THE GRAVITATIONAL STABILITY CRITERION OF THE GASEOUS DISKS, by A.V.Zasov, D.V.Bizyaev. ... Following proposition has been put forward: a total surface density of gas at radius $R_H$, where the mean densities of atomic ($\sigma_{HI}$) and molecular ($\sigma_{H_2}$) hydrogen are equal, corresponds (or proportional to) the critical gas density $\sigma_c$ for gravitational stability of gaseous disk. ...

... GRIN lenses for telecommunication optics applications ? GTC (gradient telecom) lenses. ... GTC lenses are used in different fiber-optic devices: collimators, couplers, isolators and WDM etc . ... 2.Diameter . GTC lenses diameters are 1.0 mm, 1.8 mm, 3.0 mm and 4.0mm. ... 1.0 mm -3.0 mm diam GTC lenses are supplied in 0.22P, 0.23P, 0.25P, 0.27P and 0.29P length. 4.0 mm diam GTC lenses are supplied in 0.11P length. ... GTC . ... 3 scratches with 5mkm max width and 200mkm max length are allowed . ...