MARS-96 . ... Scientific goals . ... At the end of the 1980's, the successful broad scientific exploration program of Venus was fulfilled, the successful mission to Halley Comet was completed and the mission to Phobos, having limited success, was also realized, At this time, Mars was chosen as the main object for future planetary exploration within the Russian Space Program. ... Earlier missions to Mars showed that this planet in its earlier history was much more similar to the Earth than that is now. ...

... Space flight . ... Space Hotel . ... The program of deployment of small orbital station (SOS) consisting of a family of spacecrafts and module-spacecrafts represents a consecutive realization of flight scenarios with consecutive building up of functions. ... Scenario 1 - the regular and revised spacecrafts of class "Soyuz" - TMSC and MNMSC (MNMSC-cargo, MNMSC-MR) are used, pls. see fig fig.8 . ... The terms of transition to this scenario are determined by terms of readiness of one or another module....

Next: CCD Operation Up: Charge Coupled Devices (CCDs) Previous: Charge Coupled Devices (CCDs) . ... However it is only now that a number of important X-ray astronomical applications of CCDs have reached critical development stages, so that this is an appropriate time to review the application of space-borne CCD instruments to cosmic X-ray astronomy, and highlight the particular concerns which are being addressed for X-ray instruments, as distinct from optical applications. ...

... John Backus in New Mexico, 1976 . ... Other manufacturers came later with Fortran compilers for their machines and in 1962 IBM introduced the extended Fortran IV, which was the base for the 1966 agreed American standard ANSI X3.9 - 1966. ... An HTML version of the Fortran 77 Standard is now available! ... The purpose of the work on a new standard version was to make Fortran usable and efficient language for scientific and technical computations during the nineties. ... Parallel execution . ...

... Telescope concept . ... The Submillimetron Project is dedicated to astronomical studies at the submillimeter and far infrared wavelengths using a cryogenic telescope located on the Russian segment of the International Space Station (ISS). The Astro Space Center of the Lebedev Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences is responsible for developing the Submillimetron Project. ... Currently, the Astro Space Center is carrying out a pre-Project study under contract with the Russian Space Agency. ...

The Russian Parliament will soon consider a bill that would restructure the Russian space program, 35 years after the launch оf Sputnik. ... But the legislation's most striking and controversial feature is a provision that would ban testing and deployment оf space weapons ? including anti-satellite weapons and space-based missile interceptors. ... A draft bill was written by a group of experts within the Moscow Space Club, several of whom now work on space issues with the Russian Parliament. ...

Linear Collider Detector R D Launched new effort in US in 2002 LCRD, UCLC Scope defined in discussion with DOE/NSF Anticipated annual growth USLCSG commissioned review process and established two review panels Detector R D chaired by Howard Gordon Accelerator R D chaired by Norbert Holtkamp Two years have passed and we enter our third year Time to assess how we are doing Jim Brau LC Detector R D July 29, 2004 Background for LC ...

... To introduce you to the Python programming language, and its Visual module (VPython), which allows 3D simulation. The computer labs are held in room BOZO 112, not in the usual physics lab. ... This lab will use the Python programming language. ... Click on the Windows button in the bottom left, select "Programs", then the "A-Z" list of programs. ... Later in the course you will need to write your own VPython programs for assessment - this lab is your chance to make sure you can do this. ...

... XmTel is a telescope control interface designed to to communicate with a telescope server, and Elwood Downey's XEphem, through the INDI protocol. It will also operate as a free-standing program for control of telescopes that use the NexStar and LX200 command sets (but see below). ... XmTel is accompanied by routines which support the necessary communication and commands for running Celestron NexStar and Meade Instruments LX200 telescopes. ...

... 01.04.07 - CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS . HIGHER CERTIFICATION COMMITTEE . MINIMUM PROGRAM . ... 01.04.07 тАУ Condensed Matter Physics . ... The program is based on the principle divisions of Condensed Matter Physics. ... Types of bonding force in condensed matter: Van der Waals bond, ionic bond, covalent bond, metallic bond. ... Structure of matter with unidirectional interaction. ... Covalent bond structure of matter. ... Diffraction on amorphous matter. ... High temperature superconductors. ...

... Tonight's Sky . ... Observing . ... Sky this Month . ... Gravitational wave search provides insights into galaxy evolution and mergers . ... The double star 54 Leonis, spiral galaxy NGC 3198, and emission nebula NGC 3199 . ... Observing Podcasts . ... Astronomy for Kids . ... Galaxies and the integrated flux nebula in Ursa Major . ... Get instant access to subscriber content on Astronomy.com! ... Receive news, sky-event information, observing tips, and more from Astronomy's weekly email newsletter. ...

... About the Sky Map Online, professional edition . The professional version of the Sky Map Online was reflected as the tool for amateure astronomers and for professional astronomers It provides the creation of maps with the magnitude limit for stars up to 21-st magnitude (limit of the First POSS) and field size from several arcmins to 80 by 60 degrees, what makes possible to use it for the following goals: . ... Guiding stars selection. ... Such objects are not recommended to use as guiding stars. ...

... Baikonur Cosmodrome Yasny launch base Downloads . ... Town of Baikonur residential area of the Cosmodrome . ... For receipt, temporary storage and standalone processing of payloads (including, if necessary, filling with propellant and compressed gases), as well as for preparation, integration and encapsulation of the Space Head Module (SHM), ISC Kosmotras offers an Assembly, Integration and Test Building (AITB), Fueling Station and office premises located at Site 31 of the Baikonur Cosmodrome. ...

RADIOASTROPHYSICAL DEPARTMENT • INSTITUTE OF SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS RAS SB . Data processing and software General information Main characteristics of the Radio telescope Observing programs General view of the antenna array Main research areas Principle of generation of radio images Radio telescope's beam Receiving systems Main characteristics of the base receiving-recording complex Calibrations Data archive and databases Publication of SSRT - Data processing and software . ...

A very important stage in a story of formation of any new science is the shift from discussion of situation which are possible but do not occur in practice due to some reason to recognition of real phenomena of interest. ... We suggest to consider computer viruses as this new specific form of life which is coming in the contact with our form of life. ... Computer life has been created by human being, the role of independent evolution of computer viruses seems to be still negligible. ...

... JSC Oral History . NASA History . ... NASA Oral History Project: Earth System Science at 20 . This NASA Oral History Project features recollections from those who significantly contributed to the launch and evolution of Earth System Science. These interviews were gathered as part of the 20th anniversary of the Earth System Science Program. ... NASA Headquarters, Washington D.C. Program Manager , Stratospheric Theory and Data Analysis, Earth Science and Applications Division . ...

... ON THE ROLE OF LARGE-SCALE PLASMA IRREGULARITIES AT THE FINAL STAGE OF ANOMALOUS ABSOPTION DEVELOPING UNDER HF HEATING OF THE IONOSPHERE . ... Fig. ... With the aid of numerical statistical modeling based on multiple ray tracing it is shown that in presence of large-scale irregularities the reflected signal amplitude mean value is increased significantly. ... Dependence of the mean amplitude of the reflected from the ionosphere signal on the large-scale (10-50 km) electron density irregularity level...

Pulkovo NEO Page . ... EPOS Software Package . ... EPOS ( E phemeris P rogram for O bjects of the S olar system) is the Windows PC application for study and ephemeris support of observations of the Solar system objects. ... It controls the part of common data and transfers the control to one of the programs that solve the restricted set of tasks. ... So with the EPOS software package one can calculate the accurate ephemerides for many objects and get the quick illustration of their motion as well. ...

FEATURES OF THE HYDROGEN DISTRIBUTION AROUND LUNAR CRATERS PROCLUS AND KEPLER. ... In result of analysis of the data Lawrence and Feldman constructed the hydrogen distribution on the lunar surface [1]. ... However, the authors shown, that EN flux data features may be explained by other element abundance in the lunar soils, namely: Si, Ca, Gadolinium (Gd), Samarium (Sm) and Fe. ... Using of the Feldman's interpretation of the Lunar Prospector data [8], we constructed hydrogen distribution map (Fig.1). ...

... Telescopes . ... 1994: . World-class sensitivity was reached at the RATAN-600 radio telescope in three centimeter wavelengths (2.7, 3.9, and 7.6cm): 3.2, 3.4 and 2.5mK/s, respectively through the introduction of cryogenic low-noise amplifiers based on the high electron mobility transistors (HEMT) in the radio astronomy observations. A new-generation 2D-spectrograph featuring a CCD, mounted inside the high-aperture Schmidt camera was developed and put into service at the BTA telescope. ...