... We study ergodic properties of random maps defined as collections of nonsingular maps $f_1,\dots,f_w$ from a compact metric space $(X,\rho)$ into itself taken with probabilities $p_1,\dots,p_w$ ($\sum_i^wp_i=1$) and considered as Markov processes on $X$. ... In the first situation, when the random map is expanding on average, we mainly follow ideas borrowed from the theory of piecewise expanding maps and the corresponding Banach space is a version of the space of functions of bounded variation on $X...

... A molecular cloud in the interstellar medium may be considered as spherical and of uniform density and fixed temperature as it undergoes expansion or contraction. Assume the opacity of material in the molecular cloud has a value . ... How will this affect cloud fragmentation? (e) In the stages of collapse of a gas cloud before it becomes optically thick, its temperature is determined by the balance between compressional heating and radiation of energy from the cloud. ...

... On the modeling of the late optical afterglows from cosmological gamma-ray-bursts . Interaction of cosmological gamma-ray burst radiation with the dense interstellar medium of host galaxy is researched. Gas dynamical motion of interstellar medium driven by gamma-ray burst is investigated in 2D approximation for different initial density distributions of host galaxy matter and different total energy of gamma-ray burst. ...

... Meade Instruments Corporation . ... How to Calculate Power . How to Calculate Power: The magnification, or power, at which a telescope is operating is a function of the focal length of the telescope's main (objective) lens (or primary mirror) and the focal length of the eyepiece employed. ... Example: The Meade DS-2070AT telescope has an objective lens focal length of 700mm; when this telescope is used with a 25mm eyepiece, a power of 700/25 = 28 power (written as "28x") results. ... about meade | ...

Welcome to K -corrections calculator, simple service allowing one to determine K -corrections of a galaxy, given its redshift and one or more colours. ... K -correction in choose filter.. ... Redshift . Colour choose colour.. Colour value . Calculator . ... calculate spectral energy distributions , K-corrections calculator , GALEX FUV NUV , UKIDSS YJHK , K-corrections of galaxies , spectral based k-corrections , SDSS filter set K-corrections , K correction code IDL , kcorrect IDL C , . ...

... Around the center of the red galaxy image in the above photograph lie four blue "smudges." ... Shapley 1: An Annular Planetary Nebula . ... At that time, the center condenses into a white dwarf while the outer atmospheric layers are expelled into space and appear as a planetary nebula. ... After a Sun-like star can no longer support fusion in its core, the center condenses into a white dwarf while the outer atmospheric layers are expelled into space and appear as a planetary nebula. ...

A study of the size and composition of dust grains in the circumstellar envelope of IRC + 10 o 216 S. Bagnulo, J.G. Doyle and I.P. Griffin We utilise a modelling technique in which a generalised two­stream Eddington approximation is applied to the problem of the radiative transfer in a spheri­ cally symmetric dust shell. ...

... Dale A. Gardner . NASA Astronaut (deceased) . ... NASA EXPERIENCE: б  Gardner was selected as an Astronaut Candidate by NASA in January 1978, reporting to the Johnson Space Center in July 1978.б  In August 1979, he completed a one-year training and evaluation period, making him eligible for assignment as a mission specialist astronaut .б  He subsequently served as the Astronaut Project Manager for the flight software in the shuttle onboard computers leading up to the first ...

... Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. September 11, 1999 . The Annotated Galactic Center . ... Constellations near the galactic center include Sagittarius , Libra , Scorpius , Scutum , and Ophiuchus . ... Open star clusters include M6 , M7 , M18 , M21 , M23 , M24 , M25 . Globular star clusters include M9 , M22 , M28 , M54 , M69 , M70 . ... About APOD > . ... NASA Technical Rep.: ...

Astronotes Armagh Planetarium's Stellar Blog! ... Solar System . ... Moon . ... Comets and Asteroids . ... What changed our view of Chariklo is the discovery of a ring system around it, the first such feature found around a Solar System body smaller than a gas giant planet. ... Almost certainly the rings were born when a collision with a smaller asteroid blasted millions of tonnes of debris off CharikloтАЩs surface. ... A ring system detected around the Centaur (10199) Chariklo (Braga-Rigas et al.) ...

Past Robert J. Trumpler Award recipients . ... The Robert J. Trumpler Award of the ASP is given each year to a recent recipient of the PhD degree in North America whose research is considered unusually important to astronomy. ... To be considered for the Trumpler Award, a nominee's Ph.D. must have been awarded within two years of the time of the nomination and most or all of the thesis must have been published in a recognized journal with an issue date prior to 1 January 2013. ... Nominations . ...

... The dynamics of silicate and graphite particles with radii of (0.1-2) 10 -5 cm in the vicinity of the Milky Way is considered. The equation of motion of dust grains is integrated with gravitational attraction, radiation pressure, gas drag, and dust destruction taken into account. The effect of other factors on the motion of grains are discussed. ... Dust is swept out of the Galaxy by radiation pressure from stars at a rate of 0.04 M o yr -1 . ...

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... The first column has the name of the qualifier. ... name of AB (inherited from first raw file, with grouping tag read from <instr>_organisation.h) . ... root name of products (inherited from first raw file and grouping tag read from <instr>_organisation.h) . ... name and value of non-default parameter(s) required to execute the recipe (set by createAB; read from <instr>_association.h) . ... name of waitfor(s) for this AB (relevant for DRS=CON only; set by createAB; read from <instr>_association.h) ....

... 1.7 GSC 084 Pulkovo Obs., 0.33 15 x 15' 1.0" 7 34 0.179 0.307 Normal Asgr. 3.0 UCAC 118 Slovakia, 0.57 14 x 10' 1.7" 3 12 0.090 0.145 Modra 3.3 USNO 127 Germany, 0.19 30 x 20' 2.4" 3 15 0.151 0.087 Bornheim 0.8 GSC 168 34 200 0.282 0.315 291 USA,Kitt Peak, 1.8 390 x 30' 1.0" 1 5 0.143 0.144 Spacewatch II 4.7 USNO 300 Japan, 0.5 78 x 78' 2.3" 7 36 0.420 0.447 Bisei Center 1.3 ACT 461 Hungary, JATE 0.60 28 x 19' 1.1" 6 22 0.124 0.153 Asteroid Surv. ... Polynesia 1.0 UCAC F85 Tiki Obs., ...

. -!> download . Left: Consequtive explosion of 20 supernovae during 30 Myr. Right: Single hypernova (GRB) explosion with the total energy equivalent to 20 supernovae. The simulation was performed using a 2D Eulerian hydro code. The animation was done using IDL. -!>

... Methodology of Time Delay Change Determination for Uneven Data Sets V.L.Oknyanskij Sternberg Astronomical Ins., ... It was found in this way that the radio variations (5 MHz) followed the optical ones, but that the time delay was a linear function of time with the mean value being about 2370 days and with the rate of increase V # 110 days/year. ... Time Delay Change Determination for Uneven Data Sets 491 Figure 2. p(V) is probability to get some value V # # V if the actual V a = 0 days/year. ...

... This paper discuss a polynomial approximation to T for the range of 1620 to 2000 AD published by Jean Meeus and Larry Simons and gives a modified version of this approximation which is much more accurate. ... For this purpose Jean Meeus and Larry Simons published a paper in 2000, which gives a set of polynomial approximation of T for the range of years 1620 to 2000 (Meeus 2000). ... Using these empirical formulae we can calculate the value of T at any instant of the year for the range 1620 to 2000...

INDOOR LOCATION USING ULTAWIDEBAND CHAOTIC RADIO PULSES Andrey A. Dmitriev Institute of RadioEngineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Mokhovaya St. 11-7, K-9, GSP-9, 125009, Moscow, Russia, E-mail: chaos@cplire.ru Abstract ­ The report is devoted to the problem of indoor location using ultrawideband chaotic signals. ... In the receiver the moment of pulse (pack of radio pulses) emission and the duration of chaotic radio pulse are supposed known. The duration of CRP is fixed. ...