The efficiency of interaction of radiation with a particle and hence its optical properties depend on the particle chemical composition, size, shape, structure, etc. ... Particle size expressed in units of the wavelength of incident radiation, together with chemical composition, most strongly affects the optical properties of a scatterer. ... There are many methods to solve the light-scattering problem for a homogeneous spheroid (our survey of the light-scattering methods see here ). ...

This section contains information of how user agents should treat control characters and other special characters. ... There are 256 character positions in the Latin-1 encoding. ... It consists of the space character, 186 characters that form a subset of the graphic characters in ISO 6937/2 (1983), and four additional characters that are intended for inclusion in ISO 6937/2. ... Certain characters are taken to have special meaning within the context of an HTML document. ...

Local galaxies are in a state of energy equipartition which means that the kinetic energy density equals roughly the thermal one and the magnetic one. ... In models of young galaxies magnetic fields are usually not considered as they are assumed not to be dynamical important at high redshifts. In the presence of turbulence, however, the turbulent dynamo can amplify weak magnetic seed fields by randomly stretching, twisting, and folding the field lines. ...

Group symmetry is one of the most fundamental geometrical properties of the real world. ... The representation theory of these groups and of some related structures will be considered in the proposed course. ... Representations of finite groups: . ... Representations of the special unitary group: . ... Representations of the Lie algebra sl(2,C) : . ... Representations of the simplest Kac-Moody algebra $\widehat{sl}^(2,{\bf C})$ and combinatorial analysis. ... A first course , Springer-Verlag, 1991 . ...

... We consider the astrophysical evolution of the Galaxy over large time scales, from early stages (an age of ~10 8 yrs) to the end of traditional stellar evolution (~10 11 yrs). ... In the model considered, the basic stages of Galactic evolution are as follows. ... Essentially all other basic parameters of the Galaxy vary little. ... The final "stellar epoch" in the life of the Galaxy is completed ~10 13 yrs after its formation, when the evolution of the least massive stars comes to an end. ...

2014 May version . ... Green D. A., 2014 , Bulletin of the Astronomical Society of India, 42 , 47-58. ( .pdf , or arXiv.org:1409.0637 ) If you make use of the detailed version of the catalogue, then plaese also cite: . Green D. A., 2014, `A Catalogue of Galactic Supernova Remnants (2014 May version)' , Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom (available at "http://www.mrao.cam.ac.uk/surveys/snrs/" ). ... Copyright D. A. Green 2014. 25872nd access to this version of the catalogue. ...

... Galaxies 99 Cosmic background with model of cloudy interstellar medium Yu. ... Figure 1: Averaged spectrum of the cosmic background I f in frequency range 0.25 200 MHz for the Galactic poles. ... First interpretation of the cosmic noise background spectrum at broad band frequency range 0.25 200 MHz with a model of the cloudy interstellar medium ISM is presented here. ... Synthesized background spectra I f for regions of the Galactic poles at the frequency range 0.25 200 MHz is presented in Fig. ...

... Next: Unsupervised Catalog Classification Up: Object Detection and Previous: Classification of Objects . ... Multi-resolution allows for image analysis in terms of different scales. ... This approach is used for the detection (and subsequent analysis) of globular cluster systems around elliptical galaxies, and for image characterization and object trawling in large image databases. ... The applicability of this approach to object detection in large image collections has been investigated. ...

... The radio to X-ray continuum shape of quasars (gif), (Elvis et al., ... Plotted in log nufnu vs log nu (nu=frequency) space. ... Radio-loud, Radio-quiet: quasars that look virtually identical at all other wavelengths can differ by a 1000 in their radio emission. Radio-loud quasars have a powerful jet moving at relativistic speeds (i.e. close to the speed of light) made up of energetic particles, themselves moving near the speed of light in a magnetic field. ...

Astronotes Armagh Planetarium's Stellar Blog! ... Solar System . ... Moon . ... Comets and Asteroids . ... What changed our view of Chariklo is the discovery of a ring system around it, the first such feature found around a Solar System body smaller than a gas giant planet. ... Almost certainly the rings were born when a collision with a smaller asteroid blasted millions of tonnes of debris off CharikloтАЩs surface. ... A ring system detected around the Centaur (10199) Chariklo (Braga-Rigas et al.) ...

Past Robert J. Trumpler Award recipients . ... The Robert J. Trumpler Award of the ASP is given each year to a recent recipient of the PhD degree in North America whose research is considered unusually important to astronomy. ... To be considered for the Trumpler Award, a nominee's Ph.D. must have been awarded within two years of the time of the nomination and most or all of the thesis must have been published in a recognized journal with an issue date prior to 1 January 2013. ... Nominations . ...

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... Dale A. Gardner . NASA Astronaut (deceased) . ... NASA EXPERIENCE: б  Gardner was selected as an Astronaut Candidate by NASA in January 1978, reporting to the Johnson Space Center in July 1978.б  In August 1979, he completed a one-year training and evaluation period, making him eligible for assignment as a mission specialist astronaut .б  He subsequently served as the Astronaut Project Manager for the flight software in the shuttle onboard computers leading up to the first ...

... The main task of this Working Group has been to review the state-of-theart knowledge of the Milky Way galaxy, to identify the future challenges, and to propose which tools (in terms of facilities, infrastructures, instruments, science policies) would be needed to successfully tackle and solve the remaining open questions. ... This Working Group has made recommendations that would allow dissecting our backyard laboratory, the Galaxy, even further. ...

... In spite of the good potential possibilities, some of the station "Dnepr" design characteristics did not allow us to apply the usual special IS radar measurement methods. ... Thus for IS signal measurements at the "Dnepr" station, we have developed special methods for recording and processing IS signals in order to determine plasma ionospheric parameters. ... Equations (4-5) from the basis for data post processing to obtain ionosphere parameters. ...

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We call expert systems that implement visualization of decision making procedure with the help of graphical diagrams the visual expert systems. ... Actor Prolog is a powerful instrument of rapid prototyping and programming of visual expert systems, thanks to means of visual programming and graphical user interface development automation based on the SADT diagrams. ... Note that the program has colored the "Prepare berries and fruits" and "Boil berries and fruits with sugar" blocks red. ...

... Introduction: E-, M- and S-type asteroids are widely considered as remnants of differentiated parent bodies; specifically, Ms might have been their cores [e. g., 1, 2]. The conviction is based on the visible-range albedo (medium to high) and overall spectral curves (slightly reddish to red) of the small planets corresponding to these of metal iron and igneous silicate assemblages. ... It seems the spectral features superimpose to the spectral characteristics of metal iron and igneous silicates. ...

... An analysis on new observational data taken with the MPFS and SCORPIO spectrographs indicates that we are dealing with the "galactic wind": the gas is blown above the galactic plane with the characteristic velocity of about 130km/s. The gas outflow is caused by a combined action of winds from the supernovae and young massive stars located in the galaxy's circumnuclear region. ... The most probable hypothesis is that the accretion of intergalactic gas clouds is feeding their star formation. ...