... Exposure Time Calculator (ETC) . ... ESO - Public Surveys . ... the recommended values to use for DIT, . ... Detector on-chip integration (DIT): seconds. to your chosen value - a separate page gives recommended values to use for DIT - for modes 1 and 2 below you may wish to start with the maximum recommended values as these will minimize the effect of read noise (a total object exposure of Y secs with DIT=X secs will produce Y/X lots of read noise) and give you a lower limit on the time needed. ...

. This Directory contains Model of distribution of density, temperature and effective collision freguency of electrons. Yu.K.Chasovitin. 1998. This Directory contains The program RIM98 for calculating the parameters of the ionosphere to use the "Reference Ionospheric Model-98" (RIM-98).Yu.K.Chasovitin. 1998.

Description and Technical Details . In 1980s two medium-size horizontal solar telescopes 50/35000 cm with large spectrographs Czerny-Turner made by Carl Zeiss Jena were installed in the Ondњejov observatory. The Czerny-Turner-spectrographs in the Ondњejov observatory called HSFA1 and HSFA2 according to the German name Horizontal-Sonnen-Forschungs-Anlage ("horizontal device for solar research") have been explored for more than two decades. ... Diffraction grating - Richardson, Spectra-Physics . ...

... Research objects and scientific purposes . Space scientific program includes development and launch of two supersmall spacecrafts "Universitetskiy" and "Kompas-2" intended for monitoring of radiation conditions near the Earth. ... All the studies conducted in the near-Earth space are characterised by strong radiation fields. ... The circular polar orbits, which cover all the near-Earth space, are the most favorable for comprehensive studies of the radiation conditions near the Earth. ...

... It satisfies the set of WDVV (associativity) equations in canonical variables. The geometric/integrable content of corrections in 1/N is an important, still unresolved, problem. The only way to construct systematically these corrections is to solve the set of loop equations. We find the subleading correction (the torus approximation) and discuss its possible singularities of the answer in the set of new parameters S_i. ...

... Solar Space Experiments in LPI . ... The main goal of the TESIS is to provide complex observations of solar active phenomena from the transition region to the inner and outer solar corona with high spatial, spectral and temporal resolution in the EUV and Soft X-ray spectral bands. ... Solar EUV Coronagraph (SEC), based on the Ritchey-Chretien scheme, to observe the inner and outer solar corona from 0.2 to 4 solar radii in spectral band 290-320 A . ... 2 arc. sec./pix . ... Backside-CCD 2048*2048 pix...

... Far from a smooth distribution, Abell 2744 not only has knots of galaxies, but the X-ray emitting hot gas (colored red) in the cluster appears distributed differently than the dark matter. ... An expansive nebula of dust is seen to surround red supergiant star Betegeuse in this remarkable high resolution composite, an infrared VLT image from the European Southern Observatory. ... It's the dim star, not the bright one, near the center of NGC 3132 that created this odd but beautiful planetary nebula. ...