... Under certain conditions, like those in the nucleus of a QSO, all atoms can be made to emit light at particular wavelengths. ... If that source is approaching the observer, the wave is squashed up onto itself making the wavelength shorter. ... This is redshift. ... You can see how the section of the QSO spectrum which we observe changes with redshift. ... We then see how far we had to slide the observed spectrum along the scale to make it match and that is the objects redshift. ... The 2QZ team . ...

... The bright supernova (hereafter SN) in the galaxy NGC 4527 was first sighted by S. Knight (USA) on April 13.17UT at magnitude ~14.0v. The report of the sighting was subsequently forwarded by phone to the AAVSO. ... SN 1991T. The galaxy NGC 4527 is an Sb(s)II type galaxy with an apparent Blue magnitude of 11.32 (Shapley-Ames, 1981). ... An analysis of this event utilizing visual observations by amateurs, plus a light curve is presented.. ... THE LIGHT CURVE: . ... ISN SN 1991T web page . ...

... GCR and SCR are primary cosmic rays. 10-15 years after the discovery of cosmic radiation (1919) there emerged two main avenues of investigation in the physics of cosmic rays (CR): 1) nuclear - elucidation of the origin of elementary particles and nuclear interactions; and 2) astrophysical (space physics) - solution of the problem related to the origin and variations (changes in intensity) of CR. ... Besides, the CR flux in interplanetary space is, strictly speaking, not isotropic. ...

MATHEMATICAL MODELING: . ... This model is developed on the base of the probabilistic description of the collisional aeronomical processes and is realized on a computer as the numerical system (stochastic model). ... Shematovich, V.I., Bisikalo , D.V.             Nonequilibrium processes in the planetary and cometary atmospheres. ... In Russian) . ... Piarnpuu , A. A.; and Shematovich, V. I.       Construction of structural stochastic models of collision processes in rarefied gas media (abstract) . ...

... Ciel Espace, le magazine qui vous guide toujours plus loin . ... les plus belles images de l'Univers d†йcrypt†йes pour vous . ... des pages consacr†йes †а la publication de vos photos Mais c'est aussi une vraie communaut†й avec laquelle partager votre passion et nourrir votre curiosit†й. Accueil Avis de temp†кte sur Saturne . ... Une violente temp†кte est apparue dans l'h†йmisph†иre nord de Saturne, elle est facilement observable dans le ciel du matin par les amateurs †йquip†йs d'un t†йlescope. ...

... B.V. Somov . head of the department . ... room 80 . ... senior research felow . ... research felow . ... research fellow . ... Our department performes the following most perspective studies: . Special analytical and numerical experimental investigations of the solar plasma involved in the magnetic reconnection process at the Sun. ... Head of the seminar: Prof. B.V. Somov. ... 27 September 2013 The Solar Physics Department was visited by journalists of the leading Russian TV channel "Vesti-1". ...

... Mishchenko M.I., Dlugach Zh.M., Zakharova N.T. Direct demonstration of the concept of unrestricted effective-medium approximation. ... Dlugach J.M., Mishchenko M.I. Effects of nonsphericity on the behavior of Lorenz-Mie resonances in scattering characteristics of liquid-cloud droplets. ... Mishchenko M.I., Dlugach J.M., Yanovitskij E.G. Multiple light scattering by polydispersions of randomly distributed, perfectly-aligned, infinite Mie cylinders illuminated perpendicularly to their axes. ...

... Series 4000 filters thread into the barrels of virtually all 1.25" eyepiece brands. Meade Series 4000 filters are a large 26mm in clear aperture and are manufactured from the purest crown optical glass, dyed-in-the-mass ( not "color coated"); there are no finer filters available for telescopic applications. ... For visual applications Series 4000 filters thread into the barrels of all Meade 1.25" eyepieces, and into the barrels of virtually all other 1.25" eyepiece brands as well. ... Meade 4M | ...

Chiaki Kobayashi, Ralph Sutherland How galaxies did form and evolution? - to answer this unsolved problem, we are simulating the formation and evolutionary history of galaxies in the Universe, including star formation, supernovae feedback, and chemical enrichment. Comparing the spacial distribution of elements within galaxies with observations, we will examine fundamental physical processes that drive galaxy formation. ... COALA : Universe Galaxy AGN Star Planet ...

Statistics of sunspot activity . The sunspot indices . ... Visual indices of solar activity . ... n - number of spot groups . A - Waldmeier class of unipolar spot groups without penumbra . B - class of bipolar spot groups without penumbra . C - class of bipolar spot groups with one penumbra pole . D - class of small bipolar spot groups with two penumbra poles . E - class of middle bipolar spot groups with two penumbra poles . ... H - class of unipolar penumbrated spot groups . ...

... The following charts/text are intended as tools for monitoring the Type Ia supernovae ( SNe ) event visually or photographically (utilizing telescope equipped CCD equipment).The files include: A replication of The Type Ia SNe , V- magnitude (with data point checks from other cited references)and color index (B-V) templete (to indicate a general color-related trend of the type Ia ... I believe this might help alleviate some of the problems involving the making of acceptable amateur light curves...

... Space Res., 12, 265, 1992 planetary magnetic dipole: Mizutani, H., et al., ... Astrobiology, 7, 167, 2007 CME induced H+ ion pick-up loss at 0.05 AU for ` Hot Jupiters ' HD209458 b Mass loss ~1011 g/s even for weak CMEs Mmax strong magn. protection in reality Exoplanet magnetospheres - importance of magnetodisk Relatively large amount of observed Hot Jupiters (27%): survival of close-in giants indicates their efficient protection against of extreme plasma and radiation conditions ...

... Contacting and discussing with people sharing your interests, participating in night sky observations with telescopes as well as a large choice of astronomical books, magazines and video-tapes out of our club library. ... A reasonable compromise for observing both planets and brightest deep sky objects ( nebulae, galaxies) are either a 4 to 8 inch mirror telescope ( Newton, Schmidt-Cassegrain ) or a 3 to 4 inch refracting ( lens) telescope. ... Where can I buy a telescope in Luxembourg ? ...

... Observations . Objects . ... Canis Major . ... Canis Minor . ... Leo . ... Leo Minor . ... Ursa Major . ... Ursa Minor . ... Herschel 2500 . ... Herschel 400 (I) . ... Globular Clusters . ... AL Globular Club . ... AL Planetary Club . ...

Home . ... Observing . Exposure Time Calculator (ETC) . Survey processing . ... ESO - Public Surveys . near IR surveys . ... Exposure Time Calculator . ... Survey Area Definition Tool . Recommended values for Detector Integration Time (DIT) . ... Detector Properties . ... Filter properties . ... ESO ][ VISTA Home ] ...

... Events . ... Occultations by Kuiper Belt Objects . ... Thursday, Jun 11, 2009 at 8:00 PM . A stellar occultation occurs when a solar system body passes between a star and an observer. ... The atmospheres of the major planets, three of the four planetary ring systems, and numerous asteroids have been probed with stellar occultations. ... With stellar occultation data we can also probe for close companions and possible tenuous atmospheres. ... Copyright (c) Amateur Telescope Makers of Boston, Inc. ...

... The summer duration in one of these regions is shown to correlate well with solar activity characteristics, such as the Wolf number and the geomagnetic aa-index. ... This a vast geomagnetic anomaly and a that a heliomagnetic weather control Figure 2 Correlation between the Wolf numbers in April and the summer duration in the same year for odd solar cycles. ... Figure 3 Correlation between the aa-index in June and the summer duration in the same year for even-odd pairs of cycles. ...

... Research objects and scientific purposes . Space scientific program includes development and launch of two supersmall spacecrafts "Universitetskiy" and "Kompas-2" intended for monitoring of radiation conditions near the Earth. ... All the studies conducted in the near-Earth space are characterised by strong radiation fields. ... The circular polar orbits, which cover all the near-Earth space, are the most favorable for comprehensive studies of the radiation conditions near the Earth. ...

Crater Gassendi . ... I made this drawing was made on the 26th of november 2001. If you compare this one with the previous drawing of Gassendi (below) the differences are clear. ... This drawing was made on the 28th of september 2001. After nearly a full month without observations I had a one hour gap between the thicker clouds. ... This drawing was made on the 29th of august 2001. ... This drawing was made on the 27th of august 2001. ... This drawing was made on the 25th of august 2001. ...

... Liyong Liu (NAOC) . Site testing on seeing conditions of the astronomical observatories over China are briefly reviewed, including Xionglong station of NAOC, Gaomeigu station of Yunnan Observatory, Delingha station of Purple Mountain Observatory. ... PDF [3.0€аMB] October 8, 09:55 10:20 . ... In this paper, we will review the site survey activities in the past years, and present the site-testing results on the Oma site, including cloud cover, seeing, water vapor, transparency and sky brightness. ...