... For more distant stars we must use other techniques. ... Hence if we see a distant galaxy and can pick out any cepheids lying within it, we can calculate its distance. ... Here then is another method to gauge the size of the Universe and there are yet more. volume at high enough temperature a nuclear fusion reaction sweeps across the white dwarf's surface and eventually we will see a spectacularly bright new star (hence nova) in our skies. ... Why is this relevant to the size of the Universe? ...

... The described algorithm is suitable for measurements of complex images of stars. ... a) the zero-based number of stars in the complex (multicentric) image, . b) set of preliminary coordinates - x i , y i , for all stars, index i is number of a star, . ... i - index of a star in the complex image; . ... These parameters are calculated by a nonlinear method of a least squares.The main output parameters of this algorithm are x i , y i ; where the index i is number of a star in the multicentric image. ...

Next: ST-ECF Grism Spectrum Software Up: NICMOS Data Calibration and Previous: Photometric Performance of NICMOS . ... Wavelength Calibration of NICMOS Grisms . ... This article describes the wavelength and throughput calibration of the grisms and discusses the photometric performance of the NICMOS grism mode. ... The resolution of the first order spectra on all grisms is about 200 per pixel. ... Spectra were extracted for bright objects with both first and second order spectra on single grism images. ...

... 2 Measurement of PMTs counting characteristics and selection of op erating p oint To select the operating point of the PMT, that is the optimal values of the high voltage supply and pulse discrimination threshold, the command run counting=hv value is provided in the program mass. ... Starting with the minimum voltage (say 550 V) run command run counting=550 for the measurement execution. ... It is recommended to take measurements for the set of values of 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0. ...

The possibility of recovery of the vertical distribution of the magnetic field in umbrae by line width differences S.G. Mozharovsky Ussuriysk Astrophysical Observatory of FEB RAS, Ussuriysk, Russia sw@newmail.ru Abstract. This article studies the possibility of recovery of the vertical distribution of the magnetic field in the photospheric layers of sunspot umbra by the Difference of the Line profile Absolute Widths of neutral zirconium ? ... 2) Line profiles for cold models have extended wings. ...

... Tracking stations will be selected in accordance with the schedule issued daily by the General Operative Control Group (GOCG) in Lavochkin Association with the gaps in operations during spacecraft contact with the control stations (CS). ... Communication frequencies (carrier): high data rate information transmission downlink from the SRT ­ 15.000 GHz; uplink synchronization ­ 7.2075 GHz; downlink synchronization ­ 8.400 GHz. ...

... OBSERVATIONS AND DATA ANALYSIS The European Space Agency's International Gamma-Ray Astronomy Laboratory (INTEGRAL ), launched in October 2002, carries 3 co-aligned coded mask telescopes: the imager IBIS [12] made of CdTe detector ISGRI [9], sensitive in the 15-600 keV range, and of a CsI layer, PICsIT [7] for energies up to several MeV, the spectrometer SPI sensitive from 20 keV to 8 Me, and the X-ray monitor JEM-X (sensitive from 3 keV to 34 keV). ... The dashed line is the model used by [10]. ...

. There are several different shells available for Unix; the most popular are described here. You can use any one of these shells if they are available on your system. And you can switch between the different shells once you have found out if they are available. Bourne shell (sh) . C shell (csh) . TC shell (tcsh) . Korn shell (ksh) . Bourne Again SHell (bash) .

Parametric Invariance of the Relativistic Coordinate Pulsar Time Scales Arkady Avramenko Pushchino Observatory of the P.N.Lebedev Physical Institute RAS, Russia The accuracy of modern astronomical observations so high that in order to understand what we see and how you can, you must use meaningful relativistic models of the observable processes. ... The numerical values of the observed rotation period are coincide in any coordinate systems at the same epoch of local time. ... Pulsars and Time Scales. ...

The low aspect ratio, or spherical tokamak Globus-M [1] has recently been built in a support of international spherical tokamak plasma investigation program. ... The survey to determine the work scope in diagnostic design for Globus-M is given in the paper. ... The next one is an advanced diagnostic set intended to supply the data on basic plasma parameters: electron temperature and density profiles, ion temperature, plasma composition, radiation profile, Zeffective. ... Magnetic Diagnostics. ...