... COMPUTER SIMULATION OF RADIOWAVE MULTIPLE SCATTERING EFFECTS IN IONOSPHERE USING MONTE-CARLO METHOD . ... Distribution of reflected radiation on the ground is computed. ... Such influence can be remarkable if the scattering is multiple, i.e. the optical thickness for the scattering process is considerably greater than a unit. ... Radiation energy transfer in the slab is modeled by distribution of some particles carring small portions of radiation energy. ... The isotropic plasma approximation is...

DISCLAIMER: The larger the aperture, the more light a telescope will gather and the fainter the object you can see. Here is a range of magnitudes you might expect to see. Given excellent sky conditions and good optics, a well trained eye can sometimes add up to 0.8 magnitude to these values. Limiting Magnitude depends on much more than the instruments aperture. ... One formula is for aperture in inches the other is for aperture in millimeters. ... Aperture (inches) . ... 15.2 . ...

... Other Planned Activities Include Solar Observing Astrophotography Presentations and CCD Demo's Field Trip to AAAP Observatory at Jenny Jump Workshop: Learning to Use Your New Telescope Plus Swimming (life guards provided), Fishing, Volleyball, Basketball, Hiking, Game room Kayaking/canoeing (bring your own) on two lakes and nearby Pequest and Paulins Kill Rivers Registration Fees Camping and RV -- $35.00 per person ($45 after June 9) Bunkhouse -- $45.00 per ...

Space VLBI Mission RadioAstron Announcement of Opportunity -- 1 for the period July 2013 ­ 30 June 2014 Key Science Program ( KSP ) Final Notes Proposals Due: 8 February 2013, 23:59 UT 1 RadioAstron KSP meeting follow-up Based on the fruitful discussions, questions and suggestions from the RadioAstron Key Science program meeting in Bonn (December 3-4, 2012), we would like to emphasize the following specific aspects for the preparation of the AO-1 ...

... Over the first 4 years, its X-ray telescopes eROSITA and ART-XC will survey the whole sky with a record sensitivity in the 0.5-10 keV energy band. ... The goal of the second international Spectrum-RG conference is to discuss the different scientific topics addressed by the mission, synergies with surveys at other wavelengths, and requirements to follow-up observations.Contributed talks and poster presentations are invited on the topics related to the SRG science goals. ... Active galactic nuclei . ...

Astronomy Department was found in Kyiv University in 1834 together with other twelve departments of the Faculty of Philosophy. ... At that time V.Struve was a World famous astronom, and helped V.Fedorov in creation of Kyiv University Astronomical Observatory. ... M.Khandrikov successfuly modernized the Observatory. ... Researches of the history of Kyiv Observatory say about an important contribution into development of orbits theory made by the famous Kyiv astronoms I.Illinsky and I.Putilin. ...

... Between them, the following points are touched: ICRF-2 structure, ICRF Core sources selection, and some expected user's requirements. ... Suggested total number of sources is close to the number of sources already observed in the IVS and VCS sessions, and for most of them reliable positions are derived, mostly for declination > -40 deg. ... So, results of source position time series analysis heavily depend on method used for time series computation and should be used with care. ...

TOOLS OF TEST GENERATION FOR SATELLITES CONTROL PROGRAMS Andrey Tyugashev, Ekaterina Myasnikova, Elena Sopchenko S.P. Korolyov Samara State Aerospace University (National Reseach University) The paper presents a research in the field of test automation for testing spacecraft control programs. ... Programmers or designers of spacecraft systems write tests manually. ... Tests are carried out by issuing the control actions on the spacecraft and condition monitoring systems parameters of the spacecraft. ...

MAJOR MAGNETIC STORMS 1932-1997 ACCORDING TO THE Ap* CRITERIA To view a plot of the number of magnetic storms v.s. sunspots, go to ftp://ftp.ngdc.noaa.gov/STP/GEOMAGNETIC_DATA/APSTAR/magstorm.gif A simpler global index of magnetic activity (other than Kp or Km) is produced in France from the K indices of two nearly antipodal magnetic observatories in England and Australia. ... An AA* index has been derived that is the counterpart of Ap* but is available for the longer span of years. ...

Statistics of sunspot activity . The sunspot indices . ... NGDC's observations . The solar regions . ... Average annual indices . ... December . ... December, 2013 . Visual indices of solar activity by National Geophysical Data Center . ... Average . ...

RADIOASTROPHYSICAL DEPARTMENT • INSTITUTE OF SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS RAS SB . Research results on fast active processes General information Main characteristics of the Radio telescope Observing programs General view of the antenna array Main research areas Principle of generation of radio images Radio telescope's beam Receiving systems Main characteristics of the base receiving-recording complex Calibrations Data archive and databases ... Distribution of the recorded spikes in duration . ...

21.10 news 887 MH 19/10/04 2:15 pm Page 887 news Russians fear privatization of state labs Bryon MacWilliams, Moscow Senior officials in Moscow are attempting to reassure Russian scientists about details of a planned reform, under which many hundreds of the country's state research institutes could lose their government funding. ... We agree that Russian science does need reform," says Boris Stern, a particle physicist at the academy's Institute for Nuclear Research in Moscow. ...

... Meteorite Boguslavka fall , October 18, 1916. ... By fear of such awful stories we will learn to do good and to keep God's commandments and then we will be blessed" - lamented the scribe as he entered a meteorite fall in Great Novgorod into the Tale of Years. ... The greatest among them were meteorite falls in Great Ustyug (1290), Great Novgorod (1421) and near the village of New Ergy (1662). ... The third and fourth seals show the cloud of stones covering Great Ustyug rocks falling onto the town. ...

... The European HST Archive has been moved to ESA's European Space Astronomy Centre ( ESAC ), Spain, where most of ESA's Space Science Archives are located and operated from. ... The Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility (ST-ECF), jointly operated by ESA and the European Southern Observatory ( ESO ) was, until the end of 2010, the European HST science facility, supporting the European astronomy community in exploiting the research opportunities provided by the Hubble Space Telescope. ...

... Radiation mechanisms of astrophysical objects: classics today . ... Dear participants! According to the forecast on Monday (09/21) the rain is expected. ... It will be announced on Monday during the Plenary session. ... List of participants . ... Conference program . Conference poster . Conference venue . Conference proceedings . ...

The direct detection of gravitational waves is one of those events long-expected by physicists that are nevertheless a significant occurrence which excites the world scientific community as if something unexpected has happened. ... Many rumors leaked ahead of the conference, and the fact that something (that is, a signal corresponding to gravitational waves) was discovered by LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory) was discussed on the sidelines. ... arXiv:1602.03868 . ...

... 237S (SIMBAD/NED BibCode) ================================================================================ Keywords: Sun: UV radiation - atmospheric effects - Sun: atmosphere - lines: identification Description: An ultraviolet atlas of the solar spectrum with a spectral resolution of 15mA in the region 1948-2000A is presented. ... The wavelength atlas with a list of about 550 lines has been synthesized from data at center of the Sun ({mu}=1) and at {mu}=0.89, smoothed out over an area of 30 arcsec. ...

... Liyong Liu (NAOC) . Site testing on seeing conditions of the astronomical observatories over China are briefly reviewed, including Xionglong station of NAOC, Gaomeigu station of Yunnan Observatory, Delingha station of Purple Mountain Observatory. ... PDF [3.0€аMB] October 8, 09:55 10:20 . ... In this paper, we will review the site survey activities in the past years, and present the site-testing results on the Oma site, including cloud cover, seeing, water vapor, transparency and sky brightness. ...

... MASTER Net is 56 square degrees per 1 exposition . ... 06 Dec 2015: GRB 151205B: MASTER-NET early optical observations GCN18665 . ... 18 Nov 2015: GRB 151118A: MASTER-NET optical observations GCN18613 . ... 12 Nov 2015: GRB 151112A: MASTER-NET optical limit GCN18591 . ... 07 Nov 2015: GRB 151107A: MASTER-NET optical observations GCN18565 . ... 31 Oct 2015: Five OTs detected by Global Robotic MASTER Net ATel8232 . ... 02 Oct 2015: GRB 151001B: MASTER-NET early optical observations GCN18380 . ...

. The original pictures are taken at: . Biosphere-2, Tucson, Arizona - "Pray" . USS "Little Rock", Buffalo, New York - "The door" . Castelet, Copenhagen - "Mr. Hyde in October" (Oct '94) .