... Формула, которая связывает эти физические явления и реальные кадры, которые мы отснимем на протяжении ночной фотосъемки такова: (1) Light = (Signal * Flat Signal) + Dark + Offset где Signal - это изображение целевого объекта, который мы хотим получить в идеальных условиях. ... СЪЕМКА . ... Съемка Flat Dark-ов . ... Съемка Flat Light-ов . ... Однако, съемка Flat Dark-ов перед Flat Light-ами требует некоторых начальных знаний о том, какие ISO и Tv мы собираемся использовать для съемки Flat Light-ов. ...

Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 349, 1397­1418 (2004) doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07619.x The 2dF QSO Redshift Survey ­ XII. The spectroscopic catalogue and luminosity function S. M. Croom,1 R. J. Smith,2 B. J. Boyle,1 T. Shanks,3 L. Miller,4 P. J. Outram3 and N. S. Loaring4,5 1 2 3 4 5 Anglo-Australian Observatory, PO Box 296, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Twelve Quays House, Egerton Wharf, Birkenhead CH41 1LD Department of Physics, University of

... We address a question if globular clusters (GC) in a protogalaxy could for some time evolve chemically as isolated systems, enriching themselves with heavy elements produced in first supernova events that follow initial star formation. We determine both the critical mass of a protoglobular cluster that is needed to retain the ejecta of the very first supernova, and the critical energy (i.e., number of supernovae) that is needed to expel the residual gas from a cluster of a given mass. ...

The low aspect ratio, or spherical tokamak Globus-M [1] has recently been built in a support of international spherical tokamak plasma investigation program. ... The survey to determine the work scope in diagnostic design for Globus-M is given in the paper. ... The next one is an advanced diagnostic set intended to supply the data on basic plasma parameters: electron temperature and density profiles, ion temperature, plasma composition, radiation profile, Zeffective. ... Magnetic Diagnostics. ...