... The author attempts to approach the problem from the positions of systems analysis with account for the ideological grounds and history of space activities in Russia and abroad, comparing its current interpretation with the initial goals posed by leading theoreticians and practitioners who stood at the cradle of the space exploration era. ... The space systems recognized in Russia as priority projects are largely developed with violations of the systems approach principles. ...

... It is being organized jointly by the Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory (BAO) and the Armenian Astronomical Society (ArAS). ... LIST OF LECTURERS AND LECTURES : Dr. Vladimir AIRAPETIAN (Goddard Space Flight Center, USA): Physics of Winds from Cool Evolved Stars Dr. Don BARRY (Cornell University ... (observation techniques and theory) Dr. Michel DENNEFELD (Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, France): Introduction to spectroscopic observations Dr. Serguei DODONOV (Special Astrophysical ...

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... Three energetic mechanisms are considered: multiple supernova explosions (SNe), a hypernova explosion associated with a gamma ray burst (GRB), and the vertical impact of a high velocity cloud (HVC). ... As a consequence, multiple SNe form rings with a high ring-to-center contrast K < 100 in the HI column density, whereas single hypernova explosions form rings with K < 10. ... Our simulations show (see Fig. 6) that both multiple SNe and single hypernovae may form rings of up to 2 kpc in diameter. ...

... Printed in the U.S.A. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/691/2/1222 AUTOMATED LASCO CME CATALOG FOR SOLAR CYCLE 23: ARE CMEs SCALE INVARIANT? ... CME RATE DURING CYCLE 23 Figure 2 shows the daily CACTus CME rate for cycle 23 in red, with the International Sunspot Number (e.g., Vanlommel et al. 2004) superimposed in gray as solar cycle reference. ... The CACTus CME speeds Figure 12. ... A comparison of a sample of common events shows that on average the CDAW CME width is wider than the CACTus CME width. ...

... According to the estimations of the RSC Energia it will take at least 10 years and 500-600 million $ (cost of adjustment, preparation, equipment's launching and accompaniment of carrying out of the experiments is included) to build up a similar experimental complex. ... It was carried out successfully. ... Radiation researches on the station Mir, carrying out by Moscow State University, gave rise to the construction of the dynamic picture of radiation zones' changes during the sun activity cycle. ...

Abstract -- Calculations are performed for the circular polarization of maser radiation from a turbulent, Keplerian disk that is intended to represent the sub-parsec disk at the nucleus of the galaxy NGC4258. ... This turbulence, along with the Keplerian velocity gradients and the blending of the three hyperfine components to form the 6 16 --5 32 masing transition of water, are key ingredients in determining the appearance of the polarized spectra that are calculated. ...

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