We explore variations in dust emission within the edge-on Sd spiral galaxy NGC 4631 using 3.6-160 ЮМm Spitzer Space Telescope data and 450-850 ЮМm JCMT data with the goals of understanding the relation between PAHs and dust emission, studying the variations in the colors of the dust emission, and searching for possible excess submillimeter emission compared to what is expected from dust models extrapolated from far-infrared wavelengths. ...

... 2004 January 20 . Unexpected Galaxy String in the Early Universe . ... Explanation: How could such a long string of galaxies form so early in the universe? Several new measurements of galaxies and clusters in the early universe are reporting structures involving galaxies and clusters that are larger than expected with the new standard "dark-energy" cosmology . The controversy centers on the inability of a dark-energy dominated universe to create such large structures. ... About APOD | ...

... Unexpected Galaxy String in the Early Universe . ... 20.01.2004 . ... NSF , NASA Explanation: How could such a long string of galaxies form so early in the universe? Several new measurements of galaxies and clusters in the early universe are reporting structures involving galaxies and clusters that are larger than expected with the new standard "dark-energy" cosmology . ... Publications with keywords: galaxies - early universe . Publications with words: galaxies - early universe . ...

... We can investigate projection of this distribution onto the celestial sphere in two ways: in terms of lines of constant SN frequencies per one square degree for all galaxies from the sample (Figure 36 ), and in terms of constant GW amplitudes at a given SN frequency per square degree (Figure 44 ). ... Figure 45: The sky distribution of the total supernova frequency from nearby galaxies in terms of lines of equal frequencies per square degree. ...

... 2000 March 12 . Supernova 1994D and the Unexpected Universe . Credit: High-Z Supernova Search Team , HST , NASA . Explanation: Far away, long ago, a star exploded. ... Supernova 1994D was not of interest for how different it was, but rather for how similar it was to other supernovae . ... The large number and great distances to supernovae measured over the past few years have been interpreted as indicating that we live in a previously unexpected universe . ... About APOD | ...

The project of the informational system creation on the problem of evolution of radio galaxies, as a part of the "Big Trio" project aimed on studing of distant radio galaxies, is designed. This system allows a user to operate with simulated curves of spectral energy distributions (SED) to estimate ages and redshifts by photometry data. Authors use SEDs of several models for different types of galaxies. ... The HTTP and e-mail access is organized to this system. ...

... 2000 . ... Abstract: I present the distribution of the brightest galaxies in the southern sky as obtained from the H I Parkes All-Sky Survey (HIPASS). ... A histogram of the systemic velocities of the brightest HIPASS galaxies is shown in Fig. ... It peaks, as expected, in the interval 800 to 2000 km/s. No bright galaxies were found with systemic velocities of less than -350 or more than 5500 km/s. Figure 2: Histogram of the H I systemic velocities of the brightest galaxies obtained from HIPASS. ...

Next: The stage and Up: The ESO Red Sky Previous: Artefacts . Fig. 3 shows the distribution of stars. The most striking feature is the rapid steepening of the density gradient towards the Milky Way region at the right and left hand edges of the total field, apparent from the dramatic change in colour in this false colour presentation. Noticable changes in star density across even short distances are indicated by colour changes within individual plates. ... Fig. ...

M1 image More About M1 Nice Color Picture . ... M16 image More About M16 HST image . ... M31 image More About M31 Nice Color Picture . ... M42 image ; M43 image More About M42/43 Nice Color CCD Picture . M51 image More About M51 Color Image of M51 M51 Supernova . M57 image More About M57 Nice Color CCD Picture Very Deep M57 Image . ... M81 image More About M81 M81 Supernova Ultraviolet Image of M81 More about Ultraviolet Imaging . M82 image More About M82 M82 False Color M82 True Color . ...

... According to the most popular cosmological paradigm, the greater part of the galaxy mass is accumulated in the dark matter halo. ... The polar ring galaxies (PRGs) reveal external rings or disks of gas, dust and stars rotating in a plane roughly perpendicular to the disk of the central galaxy. ... The shape of the dark halo in the model was chosen so as to achieve the best fit to the observed rotation of both galaxies themselves and their polar rings. ... The SPRC-7 galaxy. ...

Chiaki Kobayashi, Ralph Sutherland How galaxies did form and evolution? - to answer this unsolved problem, we are simulating the formation and evolutionary history of galaxies in the Universe, including star formation, supernovae feedback, and chemical enrichment. Comparing the spacial distribution of elements within galaxies with observations, we will examine fundamental physical processes that drive galaxy formation. ... COALA : Universe Galaxy AGN Star Planet ...

The very metal-poor local dwarf galaxies - the analogs of primordial galaxies in young Universe . ... The goal of this project is the study of the properties of the local eXtremely Metal-Deficient (XMD) dwarf galaxies. ... S.A. Pustilnik, J.-M. Martin . ... Pustilnik S.A. "Dark galaxies" and local very metal-poor gas-rich galaxies: possible interrelations, in: Dark Galaxies and Lost Baryons, Edited by J.Davies and M.Disney, Proceedings of IAU Symposium No. 244, held 25-30 June, 2007 in Cardiff, UK. ...

ENERGETIC PARTICLE EXPERIMENT DOK-2 . ... Due to much higher energy, angular and time resolution, better separation of electrons and ions it is expected that DOK-2 experiment will allow to re-examine in more details energetic particle population and related processes in magnetosphere regions covered by the spacecraft orbit. ... Thin foil in front of detector absorbes protons with energies E<400 keV so this detector measures electron spectrum in 20 - 420 keV range. ... Energy values, keV . ...

... S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION ENERGIA . ... OAO RSC "Energia" . ... Flights Chronology . ... Acquiring new scientific information about the role of the right and the left heart in adaptation of the blood circulation system to long-term space flight conditions. ... Investigation of relations between hemodynamic and energetic characteristics of the heart in different phases of a long-term space flight. ... Data carrier "Cardiovector - Data". ... 2015 JSC "S.P. Korolev RSC "Energia" . ...

... CYGAM FLIGHT IN THE HIGH APOGEE ORBIT? Distribution of the Galaxy diffuse emission with high angular resolution allowing to refine the spatial distribution of the cosmic-ray protons in the Galaxy. More than 1000 compact sources with the fraction of degree location accuracy and continuouse monitoring of their flux time variation. Up to 10 new gamma-ray pulsars emitting in the very high energy range. Several high energy gamma-ray bursts with the fraction of degree localization accuracy. ...

... AGES Precursor Observations · Targeted the M74 ( NGC 628) group · Noise falls as t (to 200s) AGES Precursor Observations · Targeted the M74 ( NGC 628) group · Noise falls as t (to 200s) AGES Precursor Observations · Targeted the M74 ( NGC 628) group · Noise falls as t (to 200s) · Detected 5 galaxies in the group KDG 010 dw0137+1540 UGC 1171 AGES Precursor ...

... Magnetic fields, subatomic particles, etc., traveling in different directions fill the universe. Do they deflect or otherwise affect one another? If so, isnт??t the information we get from them distorted? ... Neutrino astronomy, which is still in its infancy, is attractive because neutrinos interact so weakly with matter that few of these distorting effects occur. Get instant access to subscriber content on Astronomy.com! ...

... The distribution of galactic RCB stars is controversial. Several authors have argued that they belong to a thick galactic disk, and are thus old Population I stars. ... However, their distribution and space velocities suggest they may alternatively belong to the even older galactic bulge (Population II, [ Drilling 1986 ]). ... These are the only RCB stars for which a distance is known and hence for which an absolute magnitude can be deduced. ...

... Over the first 4 years, its X-ray telescopes eROSITA and ART-XC will survey the whole sky with a record sensitivity in the 0.5-10 keV energy band. ... The goal of the second international Spectrum-RG conference is to discuss the different scientific topics addressed by the mission, synergies with surveys at other wavelengths, and requirements to follow-up observations.Contributed talks and poster presentations are invited on the topics related to the SRG science goals. ... Active galactic nuclei . ...

... Visible Distribution of Galaxies. ... Features of Elliptical, Lens-Shaped, Spiral and Irregular Galaxies. Galaxies with Bar. ... Distribution of Surface Brightness of Surface and Spiral Galaxies. ... Color Characteristics of Galaxies. ... Methods of Galaxies' Mass Determination. ... Hidden Mass of Spiral Galaxies. ... Features of Dark Matter Distribution in E and SO Galaxies. ... The Whole Number of Galaxies and Their Density by the Results of Observation on the 'Hubble' Space Telescope. ...